Institute of Structural Analysis & Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering NTUA

Chapter 6

Equations of Equilibrium

1
M. Papadrakakis Non-Linear Finite Elements
 Institute of Structural Analysis & Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering NTUA

Newton-Raphson Method

0
1) Initial values: r R, x x (initial geometry)
K T (x k )u = -r(x k ) , x k+1 xk u
2) Εxcecute, while r / R tolerance, the steps:

a) Calculate KT
r ( x k ) F( x k ) R b) Solve ΚΤu r
c) Update x x u
d) Calculate F
r ri e) Calculate r F R
KT = , (K T ) ij , i, j 1, ndof
x xj

3) Continue

2
M. Papadrakakis Non-Linear Finite Elements
 Institute of Structural Analysis & Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering NTUA

The Line SearchMethod

xk+1 x2
xk u
x k +1 xk u
αu
=

x1

xT [Kx R]

Π
r (a)
a u T r (x k u) = 0
r( ) r (0)

ddr(α)
r r
where 0.1<ρ<0.9
uT u = u Κ Τ (x
T
x kk)uu = u r (x k )T
r (0)
dα xx xk
r r (1) r

r(1) uTr(x k u) if <0 or 4:

α1
2 2
r ( ) (1 )r (0) r (1) 0 r (0) α1
r (1)
1 r(0)
2 2
2
r ( 0)
,
2 2 r (1)
(α) (β)

3
M. Papadrakakis Non-Linear Finite Elements
 Institute of Structural Analysis & Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering NTUA

The Arc Length Method

sphere
σφαίρα

R
R equation of equilibrium:
1 R
r (x, ) = F(x) - R = 0
i+1
Δλ 1 R
i
R R ,
λ0 R x = x-i x
i

xT x + 2 2
RTR = s2
x
s=
K T (xk )u k 1 r (x k , ) R
(α) k 1
(β)
x k +1 xk uk 1 , x k +1 xk uk 1 ( xk u k 1 )T ( xk uk 1) ( k k)
2 2
RTR = s2

k 1 k k , k 1 k k
( j) s Tk s (j)
k +1
x0 0. 2
0
cos
0 1 k 2 k 3 s2

(u k 1 ) T u k 2
RTR xk xk u (j)
1 1 sk , s (kj)1 k 1
( j)
, j 1,2
k R ( k k ) R
uk 1 uk 1 kuk 1 2 2(u k ) T ( x k uk 1 ) 2 k
2
RTR
uk 1 (K T (xk )) 1 (F(xk ) R(xk )) 3 (u k 1 ) T (2 x k uk 1 )
uk 1 (K T (xk )) 1 R
4
M. Papadrakakis Non-Linear Finite Elements
 Institute of Structural Analysis & Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering NTUA
,
,

Incremental Formulation of the Equations of

Equilibrium
1
F- 1 R 0
R
2 2 2
r F -2 R 0 2
R
2
KT(1)

2 1 ~2F(1)
F F F ~2F(2)
1 2
1 1 KT= KT(0) δU(2)
R
1
F KΤU
~2F(0) δU(1)
1
F δU(2)
1
KT U
1
U 1
U= U2 (0) 2
U (1) 2
U (2) 2
U

1
K TU 2 R 1F 2 i 1
KT U(i ) 2
R 2
F(i 1) 2
U ( 0) 1
U
2
2 1 K (T0) 1
KT
U U U 2
U (i) 2
U ( i 1)
U (i)
2
F( 0) 1
F

5
M. Papadrakakis Non-Linear Finite Elements