Socializa(on

Socializa(on
•  Culture is key to human adapta(on

Socializa(on: Process of
preparing individuals for
membership in a given
society

h=ps://www.rdhmag.com/ar(cles/print/volume-37/issue-6/contents/socializing-a-cri(cal-need-for-
professional-socializa(on-exists-in-dental-hygiene.html
Beyond The Looking-Glass Self:
Social Structure and Efficacy-Based Self-Esteem

THEORIES OF SOCIALIZATION
 The Looking-Glass Self
Our self-concepts are
formed as reflec(ons of
the responses and
evalua(ons of others in
our environment
h=ps://www.quora.com/What-are-some-great-examples-of-Expecta(on-VS-reality-1

Reference groups and significant others as “mirrors” that reflect images of

the self
 The Looking-Glass Self

h=ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looking-glass_self

Labeling theory of deviance: imposi(on of deviant upon a

person
Beyond The Looking-Glass Self
•  Self-evalua(on based on efficacious ac(on

Effec(ve Ac(on was the Purely interpersonal

well-spring of the self social psychology
-Cooley neglects transi(onal
characteris(cs of the
self and larger features
Ac(ve self as located in a par(cular physical of social structure
and social environment
 What would your life be like if you live in …

Give examples of socie(es living in certain

condi(ons such as:
•  hun(ng and gathering

h=ps://www.deviantart.com/maxigamer/art/GRAND-DAD-FLEENTSTONES-644976613

How did we learn to live in the society we are in?

Beyond The Looking-Glass Self

Sources of Self-
esteem
 Beyond The Looking-Glass Self
•  Distribu(on of material and nonmaterial
Social structure and resources in society
efficacy-based self-
esteem
•  Prevalence of ideological belief systems
affec(ng forma(on of efficacy-based
self-esteem by influencing percep(ons
•  Various social structural
condi(ons both enable and and evalua(on
constrain an individual’s
opportuni(es for engaging in •  Efficacious ac(on serves to reproduce
efficacious ac(on these condi(ons
Beyond The Looking-Glass Self
•  Subjec(ve dimension:
Meanings given to ac(on, self-as-
cause (i.e., as a source of agency)

•  Objec(ve dimension:
Differen(al valua(on of contexts of
ac(on
Beyond The Looking-Glass Self
Contribu(on of competent performance to self-esteem
depends upon meaning given to that performance

For example: An individual Even in highly constraining condi(ons,

might learn that no human actors may reconstruct the meaning of
agency can be credited for ac(on such that efficacy-based esteem
efficacious ac(on in the world can be derived from it
Beyond The Looking-Glass Self

Unintended consequence of
ac(on

To re-create the condi(ons

that limit possibili(es for
deriving self-esteem
 Concluding Remarks
•  Take into account larger social-structural
condi(ons and par(cularly, the consequences
of these condi(ons for individuals