UNIT IV. PROSTHETICS. EFFECTS OF LOSS OF TEETH.

STAGES OF DENTURE CONSTRUCTION

DISCUSSION POINTS
1. Examine the diagram below. Dicuss about PROSTHETICS. EFFECTS OF LOSS OF
TEETH. STAGES OF DENTURE CONSTRUCTION

denture examination

impression
tooth loss
PROSTHETICS. EFFECTS
OF LOSS OF TEETH.
? STAGES OF DENTURE
CONSTRUCTION
bone loss
?

implant ?

VOCABULARY:

bacterium /bækˈtɪəriəm/ pl. bacteria /bækˈtɪriə/- the simplest and smallest forms of
life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and
plants, and are often a cause of disease.
fungus /ˈfʌŋɡəs/ pl. fungi /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ fʌŋɡaɪ/- an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant
without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter
prosthodontics, also known as dental prosthetics /prɒsˈθetɪks/ or prosthetic dentistry, is the area
of dentistry that focuses on dental prostheses
dental prosthesis /prɒsˈθiːsɪs/ - an intraoral prosthesis used to restore (reconstruct) intraoral defects
such as missing teeth, missing parts of teeth, and missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate

2. Give the definition

? -is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental prostheses

? -is an intraoral prosthesis used to restore (reconstruct) intraoral defects such as

missing teeth, missing parts of teeth, and missing soft or hard structures of
the jaw and palate

3. Make up sentences using the new vocabulary.

READING AND WRITING

PROSTHETICS. EFFECTS OF LOSS OF TEETH. STAGES OF DENTURE CONSTRUCTION

Nowadays, dentistry as a whole, specially prosthodontics, became at an enough level of efficiency to

compensate for this loss, although nothing can "perfectly" replace natural teeth and adjacent structures in
the oral cavity. As you can see, time is of the essence when it comes to tooth loss. The sooner you get a
handle on the situation, the easier it is to solve. The longer you wait to get your tooth loss issue fixed, the
more damage is done. Implants, bridges, and dentures can help restore a youthful look to the face and,
most importantly, restore normal function. A dental prosthesis is an intraoral prosthesis used
to restore (reconstruct) intraoral defects such as missing teeth, missing parts of teeth, and missing soft or
hard structures of the jaw and palate. Prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on dental
prostheses. Such prostheses are used to rehabilitate mastication (chewing), improve aesthetics, and aid
speech. A dental prosthesis may be held in place by connecting to teeth or dental implants, by suction, or
by being held passively by surrounding muscles. Like other types of prostheses, they can either be fixed
permanently or removable; fixed prosthodontics and removable dentures are made in many variations.
Permanently fixed dental prostheses use dental adhesive or screws, to attach to teeth or dental implants.
Removal prostheses may use friction against parallel hard surfaces and undercuts of adjacent teeth or
dental implants, suction using the mucous retention and by exploiting the surrounding muscles and
anatomical contours of the jaw to passively hold in place.
Teeth loss negative effects imply smile, speech changes, less confidence, eating difficulties. Although
these are serious issues, they are not the only hidden consequences of tooth loss. The biggest
consequence people face when they lose teeth is that, inevitably, bone loss will follow tooth loss. The
jawbone needs stimulation in order to maintain its density, and this stimulation comes from the teeth.
When one or some teeth are lost, this stimulation is lost with the teeth. This means that your jawbone will
slowly decrease in density due to lack of stimulation. This can result in a 25 percent loss of bone density
in the first year after losing teeth, with an additional four millimeters in the following years.  Bone
density loss can affect the way you speak and eat, and the more teeth you lose, the more damaging the
effects are.
Eventually, the alveolar and then the basal bone – both of which support the teeth – begin to be
reabsorbed through bone loss. The distance between the tip of your nose and your chin will decrease,
which creates a collapsed look. Many people who lose teeth appear to have a collapsed chin and jawline
due to loss of bone density. Unfortunately, this loss of density in the jawbone can also make someone
more prone to jaw fractures, which is no laughing matter. When a person loses their bone density due to
tooth loss, they can also suffer from bite collapse.
Losing a tooth is also hard on its antagonist, which is the other tooth on the opposite side of the
jawbone. Without a familiar point of contact, this opposing tooth with shift around, causing gum
recession or further tooth loss. When you lose teeth, you are also putting a heavier workload on your
remaining teeth, which can cause accelerated wear and tear on them. One of the main sub-fields in
prosthodontics is denture constructing. Dentures are subdivided into many types: they can be removable
or fixed, partial or complete, and it depends in the first place on the amount of loss happened (amount of
structures lost).

Dentures construction process involves a lot of accurate stages that involves the dentist in his clinic
(clinical steps) and the lab technician in his dental laboratory (laboratory steps), and from this point we
can conclude the importance of the active communication between these two to reach the intended result
at the end of the process fulfilling the needs of the patient. Also this means that the dentist should also
practice the laboratory steps at a certain time during his learning in order to be aware in the future about
any defects that may appear in the denture because of anything done wrong by his technician.

This is an overview about the stages (both clinical and laboratory steps) of denture construction.The
aim of this process is to make a successful complete denture for the patient's upper arch, lower arch or
 Complete
Jaw relations recording
denture, the
Stock trays final result

Teeth settings denture Special tray for an upper arc

Articulator Denture wax rim

4. Fill in the gaps with words formed from those in paranthesis

As the dentist (to decide)_____________ that the appropriate (to treat)__________ to the case he has is
constructing a denture, the first early step is examination of the patients mouth, this step (to be)_________
very crucial because it aims to make sure that there is no defects, diseases, inflammation, abnormalities in
any part of the mouth that may (to interfere)________ with the denture and affect its stability. Denture
construction process is not easy at all, it (to involve)_________ a lot of costy steps, so it is important to keep
them clean and preserve them as long as possible, and one of the (to recommend)________ things to do is
to guide the patient to clean the denture because dentures (to make)________from materials that are prone
to fracture if they fall, and by (to do)_______ this the patient avoids this problem for a larger extent

5. Choose the best variant

1. Dental prosthetics is the branch of surgery aimed at the restoring of previously lost tooth or a group of
them, it includes: dental microprosthetics, removable and non-removable prosthetics, at present the aesthetic
direction has developed in orthopedics, it means the patient can change the shape, color, size and position of
the teeth by means of ____________
a). crowns and veneers b) diet and hygiene
2. Modern dentistry offers not only high-quality treatment of dental diseases, but also gives the opportunity
to restore ____________due to various pathologies.
a). teeth lost b) damaged skin
3. Prosthetics is a special part of dentistry, which involves the knowledge and practical experience of several
specialists at once: orthodontist, general practitioner, surgeon, implantologist, periodontist. Prosthodontics,
also known as __________is an area of dentistry that deals with missing or deficient teeth.
a). dental prosthetics b). cardiology
4. A bridge is made up of two crowns for the teeth on either side of the gap, the simplest and most common
type of _________is a three tooth implant bridge.
a). skull b). bridge
5. Today, with teeth prosthetics is possible to achieve functionality and beautiful
a). look. b). book

6. Unscramble the letters to make a word

A dental bridge is a type of crown that is used to span an empty space between two __________(thete)
Complete dentures are used when all the teeth are __________(smgisin)
Dentures are held in place by dental attachments which provide the retentive strength that you _____(sierde)
Great feature of dentures is the possibility to take them off to clean them and to maintain proper dental
________(gihyene)
7. Tell whether the following statements are true or false according to the texts. Correct
those that are false.
1. If you are experiencing bone loss in your jawbone, some other unforeseen occurrences may also be
happening.
2. If you’ve lost teeth and are now in the process of losing jawbone density, you may notice that some
everyday functions of your mouth aren’t quite what they used to be. T/F
3. Your back teeth are in charge of chewing your food and maintaining the vertical structure of your face,
when you lose teeth, this structure is compromised, the cheeks will take on a hollow look as your front teeth
unused to maintaining the vertical height of your face – are pushed forward. T/F
4. If you lose a tooth at one point along your jawbone, your other teeth may change position in order to
compensate for the loss, this slow shift of teeth can create even more issues in the everyday functioning of
your mouth and may even cause excessive jaw joint pain. 
5. Loss of teeth can be resulted from different pathological conditions, but it is mostly a consequence of
normal aging. T/F
 LISTENING

1. Warm-up: Think-Pair-Share
What do you know about Devastating Consequences of Tooth Loss- Bone Loss Visual ?

Video: Devastating Consequences of Tooth Loss- Bone Loss Visual

https://youtu.be/gsbXYOjMnYs

Pre-listening: 
Reflect and Discuss: Importance of teeth

Listening: 
3. Listening for the Main Idea: 
What is the talk mainly about?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Listening for Details: Take notes of the ideas about Bone Resorption

4. Write 5 questions.

Post-listening

5. State the sentences as true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Bones are responsive, they can remodel depending on the forces that are applied to them. T/F
2. The basal bone is the regular part of the skeleton, when a person loses a tooth the lack of stimulation to
the alveolar bone that had been surrounding the tooth causes the bone to begin shrinking. T/F
3. The shrinking process begins as soon as a tooth is lost or removed. T/F
4. The tongue enlarges to fill the empty space dentures. T/F
5. The shrinkage of the jawbone is a lifelong irreversible dental problem. T/F

6. Discussion
Share your notes and discuss the main idea/details. 
Write one critical thinking question and discuss it in your group. 
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7. Project: 
Review and reflect on Teeth loss. Point out 5 key points.
References:
https://www.drbabbler.com/2019/10/complete-denture-construction.html
https://elevatedentaltemecula.com/the-hidden-consequences-of-tooth-loss/
https://www.dcd.hr/en/dentistry/dental-prosthetic
https://youtu.be/gsbXYOjMnYs