Conditionals

• First conditional - something true that is able to happen. The cause goes in Present
Simple and the consequence goes in Future Simple.
• If I drink coffee, I will not sleep.
• I will not sleep if I drink coffee.
• Second conditional - something untrue, it can’t happen because you are talking in the
present about something from the past. The cause goes in Past Simple and the
consequence goes in Would + verb.
• If I knew it, I would tell you her name.
• I would tell you her name if I knew it.
• Third conditional - something untrue, it talks about all the different possibilities that
could have happened in a past event. The cause goes in Past Perfect Simple and the
consequence in Would + Present Perfect Simple.
• If I had known it, I would have told you her name.
• I would have told you her name if I had known it.

CAUSE CONSEQUENCE

FIRST Present Simple Future Simple

SECOND Past Simple Would + verb

THIRD Past Perfect Simple Would + Present Perfect Simple

 You can’t come if you don’t have an invitation.

Unless - a conjunction used to state that the consequence can or can’t be triggered if the
cause allows it
• You can’t come unless you have an invitation
Consequence Cause

As long as - a conjunction used to state that if the cause provides it, the consequence can
be triggered.
• You can come as long as you have an invitation.
Consequence Cause