The acronym MWD currently is used by the industry to describe telecommunications between the

bottom of the drillstring and the surface

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) systems, using mud pulse telemetry, are now available to the
industry. The most popular sensor package is for directional drilling measurements. Accuracy of
such measurements has been proved under field conditions and has resulted in considerable
savings in rig time. This acceptance and usage has increased the demand for other sensors, for
improved drilling efficiency, kick detection, and formation evaluation.

Logging-while-Drilling method and apparatus for obtaining information about a formation uses a plurality of
rib sets with pad-mounted sensor on one or more selectively non-rotating sleeves attached to a rotating
housing that is part of a drilling assembly. The sensors may be density, neutron, NMR, resistivity, sonic,
dielectric or any number of other sensors. In an alternative arrangement, the sensors rotate with the drill
string.

LWD is the process of obtaining information about

the rocks porosity, resistivity,

etc.LWD data is stored on

After acquiring the data when

EPROM.

LWD log is brought to surface the data from the chip is

downloaded.

Water saturation is the ratio of water volume to pore volume. Water bound to the
shale is not included, so shale corrections must be performed if shale is present. We
calculate water saturation from the effective porosity and the resistivity log.
Hydrocarbon saturation is 1 (one) minus the water saturation.
Most oil and gas reservoirs are water wet; water coats the surface of each rock grain.
A few reservoirs are oil wet, with oil on the rock surface and water contained in the
pores, surrounded by oil. Some reservoirs are partially oil wet. Oil wet reservoirs are
very poor producers as it is difficult to get the oil to detach itself from the rock
surface. It is fairly easy to take a core sample, clean it and dry it, then make the rock
oil wet. However, reservoir rocks are seldom clean and dry, so that same rock in-situ
will often be water wet.