2019- WOFKDOOK @| Detailed Explanations of a Try Yourself Questions Civil Engineering Design of Steel StructuresStructural Fasteners Detalled Explanation f Try Yourself Questions Deed For Fe 410 grade of steel For bolts of grade 4.6: = partial safety factor for the material of bolt = 1.25; Arg net tensile stress are of 20 mm diameter bolt = 0.78% x20? = 245mm? {@) The bots, in single shear and bearing Diameter of bot, d= 20mm The strength of boltin single shear, yt = 48.26 kN 125 f, fp V3 248x Any The strength of bol in bearing, ill be lesser of f, and f,,) For 20 mm diameter bolt, Diameter of hole, d= d= 2 = 22 mm Edge distance, @ = dy x 1,5 = 33 mm Pitch = 2.5 x d= 50 mm 3 P bn 400 - ast of 5 =05,P 0252 0.25 =0,5; 8 = S08 and k,isleastot s-= 3 a f= Fp = 9.975: and 10. Hence, k, = 0.5 400 05% 20% 12% 100 _ oy = 25 x0. 0 25 16.0 KN 4 MADE ERSY cen) wowwsmadeeasypublications orgMADE EASY Workbook 3 Publications The strength of the bolt will be minimum of the strength in shear and bearing and is 45.26 KN. (0) The strength of bolt in single shear = 45.26 kN The strength of bok in bearing, Vig = 2.5 kyot Yn Lis minimum of combined thickness of cover plates and thickness of main plate a0 , og x10 = 820KN The strength of the bolt will be minimum of the strength in shear and bearing and is 45.26 kN (©The strength of bot in double shear. 10mm Vp = 2.5 x 0.5 x 20x 10x Vig = 2x Ayp P= 2 245 x80 10 = 90.52 KN ” Bins Fae The strength of the bok in bearing, Vv, 2.5 kydt fod Ya {is minimum of combined thickness of cover plates and thickness of main plate = 12 mm 410 y, 05x 20x 12% 2 x10" fap = 25X05 x 20x12 = 984 kN The strength of the bolt will be minimum of the stength in shear and bearing and is 90.52 kN Piney For Fe 410 grade steel, f, = 250MPa, {@) Incase of single-V groove weld, incomplete penetration of weld takes place: therefore as per the specifications, Throat thickne: 5 2x14= 8.75 3 mm For shop weld: partial saféty factor for material = Effective length of the weld, L,, = 175 mm We 128 4 250 Ly lect = 175 x 8.75 x Strength of the weld, te ie x 10° = 306,25 kN < 430 KN Hence joint is not safe. (0) _ Inthe case of double-V groove weld, complete penetration of the weld takes place { | smal 9 om — ccpnnnne © Copyright MADE EASY vn madeessypublcations org) Publlaations4 Civil Engineering © Design of Steel Structures MADE EASY Throat thickness, hickness of thinner plate = 14 mm Strength ofthe weld, Ty = by fy A = 178 x 14x 282 10 rength of the Weld, Ty = Lyf, Fa = 178% Mx ae * = 490 KN > 430 KN which is adequate and safe. For Fe 410 grade steel, 410MPa For shop welding: partial safety factor for material Yn,= 1.25 Size of weld: 6mm Effective throat thickness KS =0.7 x6 = 4.2mm fy 410 Strength of weld per mm length = 1x yx e2— = 142% 0 _ 795.36 Nimm a Bt VBx1.25 Total length of the weld provided = m d= x x 150 = 471.24mm. 150 Greatest twisting moment = 795,36 x 471.24 x —>~ = 28110408.48 Nmm = 28.11 kNm le ‘emp filet uu a Piers For Fe 410 grade of steel, f, = 410 MPa For bolts of grade 4.6, f,, = 400 MPa Partial safety factor for the material of bolt, ¥,,, = 1.25 Agy= S168 ae of 0 tn daar ak = 0.78 x Ed «245 nt ne Given: diameter of bolt, d = 20 mm; pitch, p = 80 mm; edge distance, ¢ = 40 mm For d= 20 mm, d, = 20+ 2= 22mm Strength of the bolt in single shear, 400 245 x ———— x 107? = 45.26 KN V3x1.25 Strength of the bolt in bearing, 2.5 kyett Diameter of bolt hoe, dy = 22mm @ MADE EASY 2) \wwwmadeeasypublications org © Copyright )MADE EASY Publications e_ 40 k,isleast of = 55 Hence, Hence, strength of the bolt, Let, P, be the factored load. Service load, Workbook 5 809,25 =0.96, 4 = 40 _ 9.975; and 1.0. az 410 Pop 606; £0.25 3d, 410 Vip © 2.5 x 0.606 « 20 x 9.1 x Te x10 = 90.44 KN 125 Vy = 45.26 KN —A__ oadfactor ~ 750 The bolt which is stressed maximum is A. Total number of bolts in the joint, n= 10 The direct force, ‘The force in the bolt due to torque, F, BLA n 10 Peg ty zr 7 - le0+e0? «(2) = 170.88 mm Er? = 4 x [(160? + 602) + (80 + 602)] +2 x 602 - 164000 mm? x 200%170.88 164000 = 0.2084 P, 60 6030 = ors tg? = 03811 ‘The resultant force on the bolt should be less than or equal to the strength of bolt = The service load, 40.mm 80mm 80mm 80 mm 80 mm 40.mm (© copyright 45.26 2 (4 + (0.20849)? +2x.x0,2084 P, x0.3511 02609, < 45.26 P, = 173.48 kN RB —A_ = 118.65 kN ioad factor en _—200 nm 4 . oA gas ] Fog 8b 8 oi 8 la 81a ‘56 seo te ae Taam hm ® © pepe Publlaations6 Civil Engineering © Design of Steel Structures Poesy For angles of 8 mm thickness, diameter of rivets using Unwin's formula d= 6.05vF = 6.058 7.11 mm ~ 18mm Let us provide 18 mm diameter rivets Diameter of hole Gd, = d+ 1.5 = 19.5 mm Shearing strength of one rivet in double shearing axed, xf, x Ea xt = 2x5x19.5' x100%107 = 59.73KN Bearing strength of onerrivet f= nd, xtxf, f= 1x 19.5 x 6 x 300 x 10 f= 110.27kN Rivet value is minimum of shearing and bearing strength of rivet Le R, = 59.73kN Load __150 Rivet value 59.73 Provide 3 rivets at guage distance from face of angle, Pitch distance, p = 2.5 x nominal diameter of rivet 45mm Number of rivets required Adopt P |-Gusset pate ~ 275% 75% 8mm minimum of thickness of gusset plate and combined thickness of angles = 6 mm a ( wwrwmadeeasypublications org MADE EASY 50 mm-nte60 mn-n 8 mm prvets by © consi |Tension Members Deed For Fe 410 grade steel 410 MPa, f, = 250 MPa Partial safety factors for material Yq = 1.1 Yon = 1-25: Ayg = (2 125) x 10 = 2500 mm? (2 « 125) x 10 = 2500 mm? Ag = 250 x 10 = 2500 mm? 1p = 250 x 10 = 2500 mm? I be minimum of Tyyy and Ty a calculated below. Tg = Dal 4 99 Aa LB Ye Yt 2500x250 , 0.9 x 2500 x 410 V3x11 1.25 The block shear strength ]10° ~ 108806 Trea = 26 Anls , Aut Bm — Yo [2cxZseoxsto 2500x250 V3x1.25 WW Hence, the black shear strength of the tension member is 994.27. Deeg For Fe 410 grade of steel: f, Diameter of bott, Diameter of bolt hole} 10° 20427 1m Table 4.2) @ (7 Total net area = 750 + 700 = 1450 mm? Since only one leg of the angle is d, the net area will be reduced depending upon the number of bolts used for making the connection Net area of outstanding connect © copyright MADE EASY wonwmadeeasypublications org8 Civil Engineering © Design of Steel Structures MADE EASY A, = aA G1 = 0.6 for one or two bolts 0.7 for three bolts where 0.8 for four or more bolts or welds. Hence, effective netarea, A, = 0.7 x 1450 = 1015 mm@ 10 (©) Netarea of connected log = (100-") x 10 = 950 mm? 1 0. = 0.8 for welded joints, Hence, effective net area, A, = 0.8 x 1650 Net area of outstanding leg (%s I 1320 mm? fp/ errs f u ALAN Watt 200 wn 1 tim | tin fF 75mm (a) (0) Perry For Fe 410 grade of steel: f, = 250 MPa Diameter of bott, d= 18mm, Diameter of bolt hole, d, = 20mm For calculating the net area of the angle section, the outstanding leg of the angle may be rotated and the total section may be visualized as a plate, as shown in respective figures. 1SA.100 « 75 « 10 mm 7 ~ fH ab 18mm “ [Sipe om. i Jo wo $ bots at $5 mm STA vn en ws B] A Lt b Be t ie ae 55.55.55 @ Gf = g, + G,)- t= 60+ 45-10 = 95mm Net area along path A~ B= C, (B= ng,jt= (165-1 « 20) x 10 = 1450 mm - “worwmadeeasypublications org MADE EASY © consi |MADE EASY Workbook 9 Publications Net area along path A- B- D- E 1x 55? Ag = (165-2x204 22) 10 c+ [ts-2z0r 8] 1329.60 mm? The minimum of Aq and Ay will be the net area ofthe section. Since both the legs of the angle section are connected, no recluction is net area willbe made Hence, effective net area = 1329.60 mm?. © 1SA125 « 75 « 10 mm “18 mm diameter bots a ) pra Ss Be en E 50mm ol ‘ E] | | [“rernenzonatigwlapicnot 150 yee | S 100 mm 75| dando i hmm eS wt leo ee a7 ao ee, gf = 40+ 45-10 = 75mm Net area along path A. B- CD, (B= nat = (190 ~ 2 x 20) x 10 = 1500 mm? Net area along path AB E-/F p= 50mm, g = §0°mm z 1x50? It - | 190-220. x 10 = 1625 mm? a ( XEON DEO Net area along path A- B- E- G-H, n=3,11,= 1, =1,p, =p, = 50mm, g, = 80mm, g, = 75 mm = 1508.33 mm? = [190-3 20+ X80" 150") 4 4x50 "4x75 The least of A, Ay, and A,, will be the net area of the section. Since both the legs of the angle section are connected, no reduction in net area will be made. Hence, effective net area, A, = 1500 mm? — puppy (© copyright MADE ERSY vvavmadeeasypubeatonsorg)10 | CivilEngineering © Design of Steel Structures MADE EASY For Fe 410 grade ste! 250 MPa 410 MPa, f, be 50— nie — 100 Partial safety factors for material: Yo = 7.1 Yon = 1.25) ‘The shaded area shown in figure will shear out, (1. 100 + $0) x 8 = 1200 mm? (1-102 s0-(0-3)p8} ane 35 x 8 = 280mm? ‘The block shear strength will be minimum of T,; and Tyg, a8 calculated below: sd Ady, 0 9Anfs N30 Yer 1200% 250 00%2005410} ays ~ [Nextt * a5 = 218.86kN 1 229A Ay 82 NB Ym Yon 0.9%984x410 280x250] 1-1 se OREO x10" V3x1.25 WW 237.34kN. Hence, the black shear strength of the tension number is 218.86 kN. Publications —EEEE | wonmadeeasypublcationsorg MADE ERSY © Copyright |Compression Members 6971 mm, and f,= 9.7 mm. 1 for plates = 211,» Ay] 2 + 300% 20x (125 +10)? 00x20" 21910 x 104 mm* 2 Total 1, = Toss x 10! + 21910 x 104 = 29893.9 x 10 mm* Area of the built-up section +2 x 300 x 20 = 18971 mm? [29893.9x10" fie jegrr = 12552 1, of ISHB 250@ 536.6 NIM = 2011.7 x 10% mim# = py 20% (300)? y Tyo plates = 2% 7 [_ 300mm —+i 9000 x 10 mm’ ? L Sa penn Total f,= 2011.7 « 108 + 9000 x 104 = 17,011.7 = 108 mm , EE Ms , 5: fee f11011.710' t i F 18977 Hy 618mm SS sl. Y Hence, least radius of gyration will be minimum ofr, and f Le.,. 76.19 mm Prey For steel of grade Fe 410: fy = 250 MPa Partial safety factor for material: Yap =T-10 The column ends are restrained in direction and position; K = 0.65. The properties of ISHB 350 @ 710.2 Nim fram IS Hand book No. 7 are as follow: 250 mm, 6mm, t, = 10.1 mm 146.5 mm, 1, = $2.2 mm 6mm < 40mm © copyright MADE EASY wonwmadeeasypublications org12 | AivilEngineering © Design of Steel Structures MADE EASY Publieatone From IS 800 : 2007 Table 10, The buckling curve to be used along Z2-axis will be curve a, and that about YY axis will be curve b. Since s,< r,the column will buckle about YY-axis and the design compressive strength will be governed by effective slenderness ratio d,, Design compressive stress about Y-Y axis: KL_0.65x3.5x10" 5 522 For buckling curve b, the imperfection factor a = 0.34. 4, 3.58 Effective sienderness ratio mE |W x2x108 73.58" xy 3.58 5 The non-dimensional slenderness ratio, 5 250 yh - 0.490 a fe 7039.33 S{1 + a, -0.2) + 251 5[1 + 0.34 x (0.490-0.2) + 0.4902] = Euler buckling stress f,. 1039.33 fg = —Ltmo __,___ 280/001 ct” Gy + (8 22) 0.669 + (0.6697 -0.490")°° 02.11 Nimm? The design compressive strength, P, = A,f., = 9221 x 202.11 x 10 = 1863.65 kN Peery For steel of grade Fe 410: f, = 250 MPa The relevant properties of the angle sections used are as follows ISA 110 mm x 110 mm x 10 mm A= 2106 mm?, 1, = 1, = 238.4 x 10 mm, ¢,= 5, = 33.6 MM, Cy = Gy = 30.8 mm ISA 130 mm x 130 mm x 15 mm A= 3681 mm? 1, = 1, ~ $74.6 x 10¢ mmé, ,= 5, = 39.5 mM, Cy = Gy = 37.8 mm he face aa of the section ntroidal axis 27 f Let the distance of the ¢ Taking the moment of the area about the axis 2a, (2106 + 3681 + 2106) 7 = 2106 x (30.8 + 15) + 3681 x 37.8 + 2106 x (180- 30.8) o 7893 J = 96454.8 + 139141.8 + 3142152 5498118 y ~ 288118 _ 69.658 mm or y 7893 Moment of inertial about 2z-ax's (J) can be found as follows. T,=Intlgtly Moment of inertia of angle section 1 about centroidal axis 27, Publications —EEEE | wonmadeeasypublcationsorg MADE ERSY © Copyright |MADE EASY Workbook | 43 Publestons 38.4 x 10% + 2706 = (69.658 - 30.8 - 15)? 388.27 x 10! mm* Moment of inertia of angle section 2 about centroidal axis zz, 1, = S746 « 104 + 3681 x (69.658 - 37.8)? = 948.19 x 10 mm* Moment of inertia of angle section 3 about centroidal axis 2z, I = 238.4 x 10" + 2106 x (180 ~ 69.658 - 30.8)? 1870.85 x 10! mm* 1, = (358.27 + 948.19 2871.31 x 10! mm* The two angle sections (1) and (3) are placed in such a way that the moment of inertia about yy-axis will be same as that about the zz-axis. Hence r, andr, will be equal it. 2877.31x10" - & ~ V7i06 + 36812106 ~ °37"™ KL = 1.0 « 4800 = 4800 mm KL_ 4800 r 6037 570.85) x 10 Minimum radius of gyration, r = Effective length, 9.5 Slendemess ratio, Ki For “= = 79.5, f, = 250 MPa, and buckling curve (et = 0.49), 1 WE _ x? x2x10° > Eulor buckling StOSS. = Tepe gage = 312.32 Nimm i _ [20 foc V312.32 Oe) $= 0.5[1 + aA -0.2) +07] 0.5{1 + 0.49(0.895 -0.2) + 0.8957] byl tm 250/11 Design compressive’ stress, 9 _— pa TL - 136.9 Nim? gfe =x rorievio7 =o 8987 7893 x 136.9 x 10°? = 1080 KN 1.071 Design compressive strength, P, = Af ET Case-|: Longer leg connected back to back of a gusset plate Relevant properties of ISA 100 x 75 x 8 mm A = 1336 mm? 131.6 x 10 mmé 63.3 x 104 mm4 18.7 mm z 2x A= 2672 mm? 2% 1316 x 104 263.2 x 104 mmé 2 x [63.3 x 104 + 1336 x (18.7 + 5)2] 75mm —w) 276.68 x 104 mmé _— Igy = 1, = 263.2 « 108 min 187 mm 700mm For stut, oe a ‘© copyright MADE ERSY vworumadeeasypubliationsorg)14 | CivilEngineering © Design of Steel Structures MADE EASY Publications i, [263.2 x10" = Bt = JS = 31.38 mm fnn = YA, V 2x 1336 For sturt effective slendernes ratio, ‘AL 0.85% 3000 r 3138 1.26 Fuler buckling stess.f,.- —*& > = © 2%10" _ 998.03 nimm’ ee" (iy 8126" Non-dimensional effective slendemess ratio, G na [= J 280 ota 7. V298.93 For built-up section, buckling curve = ¢ «, Imperfection factor,c. = 0.49. (for buckling curve c) = 05[1 + a(A-0.2) +2] = 0.5 [1 +0.49 (0.914 -0.2) + 0.9142] = 1.093 Design compressive stress, < —Sitea 250/1.1 “gree? 1.0934 Vi.093" 0.914 Load carrying capac, P= A, xf, = 2 1336 x 134.29 P = 358.83 kN |: Shorter legs connected on same side of gusset plate, 34.29 Nimm? y 100 mm 2 131.6 x 10" = 263.2 x 104 2 x [63.3 x 10* + 1336 x 18.72] = 220.04 x 10% mm4 220.04 x 10% mm* Ta, _ [220.08x10" fnn = YA, V2 1336 —EEEE www.madeeasypublications.org MADE ERSY © Copyright Publications 28.7 mm iMADE EASY Workbook | 45 Publestons Effecgive slendemess ratio, KL _ 0.85%3000 r 287 Euler buckling stress, = 88.85 mm we mw x2x10° (Klin 88.85° Non-dimensional offecgive slenderness ratio, © _ [250 meio S {1+ «(h~0.2) + 22) = 0.5 [1 +0.49 (10.2) + = 1.196 bP ne 250/11 oye -a? 1196+ 1.1967 -7 f = 250.04 Nimm* Design compressive stress, = 122.71 Nimm* Load carrying capacity, P P = 2x 1336 x 122.71 = 327.89kN Percentage change, 3 ( «100 = 8.6% aaa == (cane MADE EASY ‘wwwmadeeasypubliations.org |