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I We plug yp00 , yp0 and yp into the equation to get 2A + 3(2Ax + B) + 2(Ax 2 + Bx + C ) = x 2
2 2
→ 2Ax + (6A + 2B)x + (2A + 3B + 2C ) = x .
1
I Equating coefficients, we get 2A = 1 → A = , 6A + 2B = 0, 2A + 3B + 2C = 0.
2
3
I Plugging the value for A into the middle equation, we get 3 + 2B = 0 → B = − .
2
I We plug yp00 , yp0 and yp into the equation to get 2A + 3(2Ax + B) + 2(Ax 2 + Bx + C ) = x 2
2 2
→ 2Ax + (6A + 2B)x + (2A + 3B + 2C ) = x .
1
I Equating coefficients, we get 2A = 1 → A = , 6A + 2B = 0, 2A + 3B + 2C = 0.
2
3
I Plugging the value for A into the middle equation, we get 3 + 2B = 0 → B = − .
2
I Using values for A and B in the third equation, we get
7
1 − 92 + 2C = 0 → C = .
4
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
I We plug yp00 , yp0 and yp into the equation to get 2A + 3(2Ax + B) + 2(Ax 2 + Bx + C ) = x 2
2 2
→ 2Ax + (6A + 2B)x + (2A + 3B + 2C ) = x .
1 3 7
I A= , B=− , C =
2 2 4
I We plug yp00 , yp0 and yp into the equation to get 2A + 3(2Ax + B) + 2(Ax 2 + Bx + C ) = x 2
2 2
→ 2Ax + (6A + 2B)x + (2A + 3B + 2C ) = x .
1 3 7
I A= , B=− , C =
2 2 4
1h 2 7i
I Hence a particular solution is given by yp = x − 3x + ,
2 2
I We plug yp00 , yp0 and yp into the equation to get 2A + 3(2Ax + B) + 2(Ax 2 + Bx + C ) = x 2
2 2
→ 2Ax + (6A + 2B)x + (2A + 3B + 2C ) = x .
1 3 7
I A= , B=− , C =
2 2 4
1h 2 7i
I Hence a particular solution is given by yp = x − 3x + ,
2 2
I and the general solution is given by
1h 2 7i
y = yp + yc = x − 3x + + c1 e −x + c2 e −2x .
2 2
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
1
I Since e −4x > 0, we can cancel to get 25A = 1 A= .
25
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
I 00 0
We plug yp , yp and yp into the equation to get
1
I Since e −4x > 0, we can cancel to get 25A = 1 A= .
25
I 00 0
We plug yp , yp and yp into the equation to get
1
I Since e −4x > 0, we can cancel to get 25A = 1 A= .
25
1 −4x
I Hence a particular solution is given by : yp = e ,
25
I 00 0
We plug yp , yp and yp into the equation to get
1
I Since e −4x > 0, we can cancel to get 25A = 1 A= .
25
1 −4x
I Hence a particular solution is given by : yp = e ,
25
1 −4x
I General solution: y = yp + yc = e + c1 cos(3x) + c2 sin(3x)
25
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
−4A cos(2x) − 4B sin(2x) − 4[−2A sin(2x) + 2B cos(2x)] − 5[A cos(2x) + B sin(2x)] = cos(2x)
−4A cos(2x) − 4B sin(2x) − 4[−2A sin(2x) + 2B cos(2x)] − 5[A cos(2x) + B sin(2x)] = cos(2x)
−4A cos(2x) − 4B sin(2x) − 4[−2A sin(2x) + 2B cos(2x)] − 5[A cos(2x) + B sin(2x)] = cos(2x)
9
−9A − 64 A = 1
9
→ − 145 A = 1
9
→ A=− .
145
9
−9A − 64 A = 1
9
→ − 145 A = 1
9
→ A=− .
145
8
I Substituting we get B = 89 A → B=− .
145
9
−9A − 64 A = 1
9
→ − 145 A = 1
9
→ A=− .
145
8
I Substituting we get B = 89 A → B=− .
145
9 8
I Hence a particular solution is given by yp = − 145 cos(2x) − 145 sin(2x),
and the general solution is given by
9 8
y = yp + yc = − cos(2x) − sin(2x) + c1 e −x + c2 e 5x .
145 145
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
1 x
I Hence a particular solution is given by yp = xe
2
Annette Pilkington Lecture 22 : NonHomogeneous Linear Equations (Section 17.2)
NonHomogeneous Second Order Linear Equations (Section 17.2) Example Polynomial Example Exponentiall Example Trigonometric Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
If the trial solution yp is a solution of the corresponding homogeneous equation,
then it cannot be a solution to the non-homogeneous equation. In this case, we
multiply the trial solution by x (or x 2 or x 3 ... as necessary) to get a new trial
solution that does not satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation. Then
proceed as above.
Example Solve y 00 − y = e x .
I yc = c1 e −x + c2 e x .
I Next we find a particular solution. Note that Ae x , is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation and therefore
Troubleshooting
If the trial solution yp is a solution of the corresponding homogeneous equation,
then it cannot be a solution to the non-homogeneous equation. In this case, we
multiply the trial solution by x (or x 2 or x 3 ... as necessary) to get a new trial
solution that does not satisfy the corresponding homogeneous equation. Then
proceed as above.
Example Solve y 00 − y = e x .
I yc = c1 e −x + c2 e x .
I Next we find a particular solution. Note that Ae x , is a solution to the corresponding homogeneous equation and therefore
ay 00 + by 0 + cy = G1 (x), ay 00 + by 0 + cy = G2 (x)