PRACTICAL WORK PROPOSAL

PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK

DAN GAS BUMI CEPU

Hydrocarbon Exploration With Geoelectric Methods Schlumberger

Configurations and Anistropy Concepts In The “X” Area

SUBMITTED BY:

ASTI WULANDARI 01171006

JULIADE PUTRA 01171018
OCTAVIOLA RANI J. 01171027

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
KALIMANTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BALIKPAPAN
2020
 PREFACE

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the writer for finishing
practical work proposal entitled “Hydrocarbon
“Hydrocarbon Exploration With Geoelectric
Methods Schlumberger Configurations and Anistropy Concepts In The “X”
Area.”.
.”. The author realizes that are many shortcomings in writing this practical work
proposal, both from the material and presentation techniques, given lack of
knowledge and experience of the author. Therefore, the author expects constructive
constructiv
criticism and suggestion.

Thus this proposal was complied, hopefully it can be useful and provide many
benefits especially for the writer and generally for the readers, and also provide
benefits to the company that gives an opportunity for the author to carry out the
practical wowk.

Balikpapan, June 19th 2020

Best Regards,

Author

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ................................................................................................
................................ ...............................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................
..................................... iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
........................................................... 1
1.1 Background of
o the Problem................................................................
................................................... 1
1.2 Problem ................................................................................................
................................ ................................................ 1
1.3 Research Objectives................................................................
.............................................................. 2
1.4 Benefits of Practical Work ................................................................
.................................................... 2
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................
...................................... 3
2.1 Reservoir ................................................................................................
................................ .............................................. 3
2.2 The Principle of Geoelectric work ................................................................
......................................... 3
2.3 Schlumberger Configurations ................................................................
................................................ 4
2.4 Rock’s Electrical Properties ................................................................
................................................... 4
2.5 Anisotropy ................................................................................................
................................ ............................................ 4
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ................................................................
....................................................... 5
3.1 Place and Time of Practical Work Implementation ................................................
................................ 5
3.2 Type of Activity ................................................................................................
................................... 5
3.3 Plans for Practical Work Activities ................................................................
....................................... 6
3.4 Practical Work Participants ................................................................
................................................... 7
CHAPTER IV CLOSING ................................................................................................
.................................... 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................
................................ ..................................................... 9
APPENDIX ................................................................................................
................................ .......................................................... 10

iii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

Indonesia is a rich country in natural resources stored in the bowels of the
earth. Especially for petroleum and natural gas, over time the demand for natural gas
is increasing after the government converts household fuel from kerosene ker to gas,
which of course makes the demand for gas even greater, and of course natural
resource exploration activities are increasing. Therefore, an increase in technology in
the exploration of natural resources is carried out, one of which uses the seismicse
reflection method to optimize the search for petroleum and natural gas in Indonesia.
This method can give a pretty good picture of the subsurface geological structure
(Handoyo, 2013). Hydrocarbons that are under the earth's surface are usually stored
in rock pores. The presence of hydrocarbons that fill rock pores can cause strong
reflections of seismic (bright spot) waves. Bright spots have been known since 1970
and are considered as one of the direct indicators of the presence of hydrocarbons
seen inn seismic sections. In reality, not all bright spots contain hydrocarbons, many
other subsurface conditions can have bright spot effects, for example thin coal
insertions, porous or fractured rocks, salt layers, conglomerates, turbidites, or tuning
effects of thin films. . So the concept of the bright spot is visibel in the seismic cross
section, does not guarantee the existence of hydrocarbons (Handoyo, 2013).
Geoelectric is one of the geophysical methods that can be used to detect
hydrocarbons by looking at the response generated by the earth when given an
electrical current disruption.
Based on the working principle and theory about this method, it was my
desire to do further research on the existence of hydrocarbons. So that my research
idea emerged entitled:
itled: Hydrocarbon Exploration With Geoelectric Methods
Schlumberger Configurations and Anistropy Concepts In The “X” Area. Area

1.2 Problem
Based on the background that has been explained before, then I want to know
how to find out the Hydrocarbon With Geoelectric Methods Schlumberger
Configurations and Anistropy Concepts In The “X” Area

1
1.3 Research Objectives
The objectives to be achieved in this study include:
1. Find out the variation of the resistivity value in the rock layer
2. Interpret horizons that have hydrocarbon potential prospect

1.4 Benefits of Practical Work

For Students
Students can apply the knowledge gained during the lecture period and can
learn as well as theoretically compare the courses accepted with the actual field
conditions, so that later it is expected to be responsive and sensitive in dealing
with situations and conditions in the work environment that have insight,
knowledge, and experience as an educated generation to engage in society,
especially in the industrial
industr environment.

For the Kalimantan Institute of Technology, in particular the
Physics Study Program
As an additional material to evaluate the extent to which the curriculum has
been applied to print a skilled workforce in their field and know the processes
processe
and technologies that are developing at this time. And also to build a coo
cooperative
relationship with PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI CEPU (PPSDM MIGAS) so that the mission of the
Physics Study Program of the Kalimantan Institute
Institute of Technology can be
achieved, which is to become a center of education, research, and development of
superior physics and its application in technology in eastern Indonesia through
empowering the potential of Kalimantan in 2025.

For PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN S SUMBER
UMBER DAYA MANUSIA
MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI CEPU
Can utilize potential Community Resources by students, to help complete the
work contained in the company were carrying out practical work, as well as a
means to bridge the cooperative relationship between companies and educational
institutions in the future, especially regarding recruitment of workers.

2
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Reservoir
Reservoir is a place where hydrocarbon fluids (gas, oil, water) have been
migrated from source rock. First of all, fluid is formed in source rock, which is then
processed in the kitchen. After being processed, the fluid migrates to the reservoir.
This hydrocarbon fluid is migrated by carrier rocks. After arriving in the reservoir
and trapped by traps or traps
traps such as faults or trapped by folds. Fluid cannot migrate
and eventually accumulates in the reservoir. Reservoir rocks generally consist of
sedimentary rocks (sandstone, carbonate rocks) and shale rocks (clay) (Sismanto,
1999).
The parameters in the reservoir
re are as follows:
a. Condition for oil and gass accumulation
 Exsistance of main rocks ((source rocks)
Sedimentary rocks that contain organic material the remains of animals or
plants that have experienced the maturation process of millions or thousands
off years that produce hydrocarbon fluids.
 Exsistance of resevoir rocksr
Sedimentary rocks have pores so that hydrocarbon liquids that have been
processed in the host rock can enter and accumulate in it.
 Exsistance of trap rocks
Rocks that function as a barrier or trap so that migrating fluid can stop or
not migrate further.
 Existence of a rock ccover (Cap Rock).
Sedimentary rocks which cannot be passed by fluid (impermeable), so that
the fluid is trapped inside the rock.
 There is a migration path.
The pathh that carries fluid from source rock to the reservoir. This fluid is
carried by the carrier bed or the carrier rock.
(Sismanto, 1999).

2.2 The Principle of Geoelectric work

The use of geoelectric was first carried out by Conrad Schlumberger in 1912.
Geoelectric is one of the geophysical methods to determine changes in the resistivity of rock
layers below the surface by flowing a DC current (Direct Current) which has a high voltage
vo
into the ground. Electric current injection uses 2 current electrodes A and B which are

3
plugged into the ground with a certain distance. The longer distance of AB electrodes will
cause the flow of electric current to penetrate deeper rock layers.

2.3 Schlumberger Configurations

In the Schlumberger configuration ideally the MN distance is made as small as
possible, so that the MN distance is theoretically unchanged. But because of the limited
sensitivity of the measuring instrument, then when the AB distance is relatively large, the
MN distance should be changed. The change in MN distance should not be greater than 1/5
AB distance.

2.4 Rock’s Electrical Properties

Each rock has its own characteristics not least in terms of its electrical properties.
One of the properties of these rocks is resistivity (resistivity type) which shows the ability of
these materials to conduct electric current. The greater the resistivity value of a material, the
more difficult it is to conduct electricity. (Grandis 2006; in Prameswari et al., 2012)
There is a range of electrical values of each rock that exists and this will help in determining
the type of rock based on the resistivity price. This value does not only depend on the type of
rock, but also depends on the pore
pore in the rock and the density and type of fluid in the rock
pore.

2.5 Anisotropy
nisotropy
According
ccording to Anderson et al. (1994), of the many scientific disciplines applied in the
oil and gas field, an almost universal phenomenon is anisotropy, namely variations in
electrical properties in the measured direction.
What is meant by anisotropy depends on who is talking about it. Geophysicists generally
focus on seismic wave velocity or polarization of shear waves. Petrophysicists will focus on
measuring the resistivity of anisotropy. Geologists and drillers may think of anisotropy in
rock strength or resistance to earth's compressive forces. Stratigraphists will concentrate
anisotropes on magnetic properties. Reservoir engineers need to work hard to characterize
permeability
ility anisotropy to plan an optimal production strategy.

4
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Place and Time of Practical Work Implementation

Practical Work will be carried out at PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN
SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI CEPU which is located
at Sorogo Street No.1, Karangboyo, Cepu, Blora State,
State Central Java 58315,
58315 Indonesia
Regarding the implementation of Practical Work ,I hope that the Job Training
can take date on July 1 - August 31 or adjusted to the acceptance and availability
ava of
time from PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK
DAN GAS BUMI CEPU CEPU.. I am as students (applicants) have high hopes for the
acceptance of this proposal so that we can conduct Practical Work in the company
that you lead.

3.2 Type of Activity

The activities that will be carried out by practical work students at PUSAT
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN GAS
BUMI CEPU includes the introduction and topic giving to practical work
students, study of literature, field orientation, and preparation of practical work
reports. Following is the description of each activity:
1. Introduction and Giving of Topics
It is a stage where practical work students get to know better about PUSAT
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN
GAS BUMI CEPU
CEPU,, both from history and existing units. As well as the
giving of topics by the field supervisor to practical work students, this aims
to make students get restrictions on things that must be understood during
practical work.
2. Study of Literature
It is a stage
ge where students work on practical reinforcement of theories and
the application of required courses
courses during practical work at PUSAT

5
 PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN
GAS BUMI CEPU
CEPU.
3. Field Orientation
Conduct exploration and data collection directly
directly in the field or location and
then perform data processing and data interpretation with software to know
whether the area has good oil and gas potential.
4. Preparation of Reports
This is the stage where practical work students compile practical work
reports . The implementation of these stages adjusted to the conditions of
the company concerned.

3.3 Plans for Practical Work Activities

Details of the forms of activities to be carried out during the Practical Work
are as follows:
• Practical Work
• Report Writing
Following are the planned activites that we propose:

Table 3. 1 Practical Work Activity Plan

Week
After
No. Activities Practical
Practical Work Work
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Introduction PUSAT
PENGEMBANGAN
1 SUMBER DAYA
MANUSIA MINYAK
DAN GAS BUMI CEPU

6
 2 Study of Literature
Data Collecting And
3
Processing
4 Mentor Consultation

5 Preparation of Reports

3.4 Practical Work Participants

Name : Asti Wulandari

NIM : 01171006
Study Program : Physics

Name : Juliade Putra

NIM : 01171018
Study Program : Physics

Name : Octaviola Rani J.

NIM : 01171027
Study Program : Physics

7
 CHAPTER IV
CLOSING

Thus this practical work proposal was written. Given the limitations and
shortcoming that I have, I expect from the company to support and cooperate with
guidance and support both morally and learning of my practical work later.

It is my hope to get opportunity and practical

practical work research experience at
PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA MINYAK DAN GAS
BUMI CEPU.. Thank you for your attention and cooperation. Hopefully the
Kalimantan Institue of Technology with the company can buid a good and profitable
relationship.

Balikpapan, June 19th 2020

Best Regards,

Asti Wulandari
NIM. 01171006

8
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, Barbara, Ian Bryant, Martin Luling, Brian Spies, Klaus Helbig. 1994. Oilfield
Anisotropy: Its Origins and Electrical Characteristics.
Abdullah, Agus. 2009. Ensiklopedi Seismik: Resistivity Logging.
(http://ensiklopediseismik.blogspot.com)
Abdullah, Agus. 2009. Ensiklopedi Seismik: Remote Resistivity Reservoir Mapping.
Mapping
(http://ensiklopediseismik.blogspot.co
(http://ensiklopediseismik.blogspot.com)
Air Force Academy. 2009. Resistivity: Electrical Resistivity Methods.
Methods Colorado, USA
Bishop, Michele G. 2001. South Sumatera Basin Province, Indonesia: The Lahat/Talang
Akar-Cenozoic
Cenozoic Total Petroleum System.
System Indonesia: USGS, Open-filefile report 99-50-S
99
Broto, Sudaryo, Rohima Sera Afifah. 2008. Pengolahan Data Geolistrik Dengan Metode
Schlumberger.. Majalah TEKNIK – Vol. 29 No.2, ISSN 0852-1697. 1697. Semarang:
Universitas Diponegoro
Biro Riset Lembaga Manajemen FEUI. 2011. Analisis Industri Minyak Dan Gas Di
Indonesia:
ndonesia: Masukan Bagi Pengelola BUMN
BUMN.. Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas
Indonesia
de Coster, G.L. 1974. The geology of Central and South Sumatera Basins
Basins. Proceedings
Indonesian Petroleum Association 3rd Annual Convention, Jakarta

9
 APPENDIX

CURRICULLUM VITTAE
PERSONAL DATA
Real Name Asti Wulandari
Nick Name Asti
NIM 01171006
Place/Birth Day Balikpapan, 25 Nopember 1999
Gender Female
Religion Islam
Hobby Reading, Writing
Profession College student
Status Single

Sultan Hasanuddin Street RT:46 NO:04 Kel. Baru Ulu.

Address
Balikpapan Barat

HP 082250096275
Email 01171006@student.itk.ac.id
Motto Always pray and do the best. God bless

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
LEVEL SCHOOL NAME YEAR
TK TK Kenanga Balikpapan 2004 – 2005
SD SDN 001 Balikpapan Barat 2006 – 2011
SMP SMP NEGERI 4 Balikpapan Barat 2012 – 2014
SMA SMA
MA NEGERI 3 Balikpapan Barat 2015–2017
S1 Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Program Studi
2017 – Now
Fisika

10
TRAINING EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME YEAR
Latihan Kepemimpinan Manajemen
Mahasiswa Pra-Tingkat
Tingkat Dasar 3 2017
7
(LKMM Pra TD)

WORKING EXPERIENCE

Asisten Laboraturium Fisika Dasar I 2019 - 2020

COMMITTEE EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME POSITION YEAR
Acara FUNTASTIC ITK Staff Divisi Pubdesdok 2018
Bakti Sosial HIMAFI ITK Staff SIE Perlengkapan 2019
Olimpiade Fisika ITK (OFI) Staff SIE Perlengkapan 2018

ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
INSTITUTION OF
POSITION YEAR
ORGANIZATION
Staff Magang Departemen
2018-
Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika ITK REMINFO (Relasi Media
2019
Informasi)
Anggota Dewan Perwakilan
Dewan
wan Perwakilan Mahasiswa Fisika 2019-
Mahasiswa (DPM) Prodi Fisika
ITK Now
ITK

11
 CURRICULLUM VITTAE
PERSONAL DATA
Real Name Juliade Putra
Nick Name Ade
NIM 01171018
Place/Birth Day Pulau Kerasian, 27 Juli 1997
Gender Male
Religion Islam
Hobby Reading, Writing, Gaming
Profession College student
Status Single

Jl. Wanayasa NO. 59. KM 10 Balikpapa Utara, Kalimantan

Address
Timur

HP 081998329505
Email 01171018@student.itk.ac.id
Motto Do the best

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
LEVEL SCHOOL NAME YEAR
TK TK Al--Ikhlas Pulau Kerasian 2000 – 2002
SD SDN 002 Pulau Laut Selatan 2003 – 2009
SMP SMP 001 Pulau Laut Selatan 2010 – 2012
SMA SMA 01 Pulau Laut Selatan 2013–2015
S1 Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Program Studi
2017 – Now
Fisika

12
TRAINING EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME YEAR
Latihan Kepemimpinan Manajemen
Mahasiswa Pra-Tingkat
Tingkat Dasar 3 2017
7
(LKMM Pra TD)

WORKING EXPERIENCE

Asisten Laboraturium Fisika Dasar I 2019 - 2020

COMMITTEE EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME POSITION YEAR
Acara FUNTASTIC ITK Staff Divisi Kesehatan 2018
SPIRIT ITK Staff SIE Kestari 2018
Olimpiade Fisika ITK (OFI) Staff SIE PUBDESDOK 2019

ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
INSTITUTION OF
POSITION YEAR
ORGANIZATION
Staff Departemen
Himpunan Mahasiswa FisikaITK Pengembangan Sumber 2018-2019
Daya Mahasiswa
Kepala Departemen
Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika ITK Pengembangan Sumber 2019-Now
Daya Mahasiswa

13
 CURRICULLUM VITTAE
PERSONAL DATA
Real Name Octaviola Rani Juvitasari
Nick Name Viola
NIM 01171027
Place/Birth
Kediri, 08 Oktober 1999
Day
Gender Female
Religion Islam
Hobby Travelling, Reading, Watching Movie
Profession College student
Status Single

Perum PKL Blok D RT 16 No 200, Sambutan, Samarinda,

Address
Kalimantan Timur

HP 0882219606586
82219606586
Email 01171027@student.itk.ac.id
Motto Just do whatever you want

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
LEVEL SCHOOL NAME YEAR
TK TK Lestari 2, SamarindaIlir 2003 – 2005
SD SDN 019 Samarinda Ilir 2005 – 2011
SMP SMP NEGERI 2 Samarinda 2011 – 2014
SMA SMA
MA NEGERI 2 Samarinda 2014–2017
S1 InstitutTeknologi Kalimantan Program StudiFisika 2017 – Now

14
TRAINING EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME YEAR
LatihanKepemimpinanManajemenMahasiswaPra
LatihanKepemimpinanManajemenMahasiswaPra-
2017
Tingkat Dasar 3 (LKMM Pra TD)
Pelatihan Agen Of Change 2017

WORKING EXPERIENCE

AsistenLaboratoriumFisikaDasar I 201 - 2020

2018

COMMITTEE EXPERIENCE
ACTIVITIES NAME POSITION YEAR
Acara FUNTASTIC ITK Staff DivisiDekorasi 2018
Staff Kamjin (Keamanan dan
OlimpiadeFisika ITK 2018
Perijinan)
Staff Divisi
ITK Sport Competition Pubdesdok(Publikasi Design 2018
dan Dokumentasi)
Gathering Fisika 2019 Koordinator Kestari 2019
Koordinator Kamjin
Olimpiade Fisika ITK 2019
(Keamanan dan Perijinan)

15
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
INSTITUTION OF
POSITION YEAR
ORGANIZATION
StaffMagangDPM
Keluarga Mahasiswa Fisika ITK (Dewan Perwakilan 2018-2019
Mahasiswa) KM ITK
Staff Departemen
Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika ITK 2019-2020
Keprofesian
Himpunan Mahasiswa Fisika ITK Sekretaris Now

16