LABORATORY/ DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS 

(Can attach the results in a separate sheet) 

LABORATORY Date Normal Result Significance Nursing

EXAM Taken Values Responsibilities

ALBUMIN 3.5-5.0 g/dL Higher levels of albumin may Before:

indicate dehydration or 1. Greet the
severe diarrhea. patient in a good
manner
BILIRUBIN ≤ 1.3 mg/dL 2. Identify
Lower aren’t no problem
patients identity
through his/her
Ammonia 0.17-0.80 wrist band
Normal
mcg/mL 3. Check the
doctor’s order
4. Check patients
count occurs most commonly
when your body requires vital signs.
an increased oxygen-carrying 5. Perform the
Hemoglobin 12.0-17.2 capacity, usually because: You necessary test to
g/dL smoke. You live at a b conducted.
high altitude and your red
blood cell production naturally During:
increases to compensate for 1. Check patients
the lower oxygen supply there. identity
2. Explain the
high, this means that you have procedure
more red blood cells than 3. Perform the
Hematocrit necessary
what's considered to be
35-50% procedure
healthy. High
hematocrit levels could indicate
underlying medical conditions After:
like: Dehydration. Carbon 1. Clean the area
2. Submit the
monoxide poisoning.
test and do
charting
Electrolytes
Variable Normal sodium level
Sodium: 136-
146 mEq/L
(mmol/L)

Chloride: 96- High levels of chloride may

106 mmol/L indicate: Dehydration. Kidney
disease. Acidosis, a condition
in which you have too much
 acid in your blood.
Potassium:
3.5-4.5
mEq/L A low potassium level has
(mmol/L) many cause vomiting,
diarrhea, adrenal gland
disorders, or use of diuretics.
A low
potassium level can make
muscles feel weak, cramp,
twitch, or even become
paralyzed, and abnormal heart
rhythms may develop.
7-30 mg/dL
BUN
Normal
3.8-10.8 x 10 3

WBC /mm3
Normal

 
 LABORATORY Date Norm Result Significan Nursing
EXAM Take al ce Responsibiliti
n Value es
s
ALBUMIN: If your albumin levels are
An albumin blood test 3.5- lower than normal, it may
measures the amount of 5.0 indicate one of the following
albumin in your blood. g/dL conditions:
Albumin is a protein made
by your liver. Albumin Liver disease,
helps keep fluid in your including cirrhosis
bloodstream so it doesn't Kidney disease
leak into other tissues. It is Malnutrition
also carries various Infection
substances throughout Inflammatory bowel
your body, including disease
hormones, vitamins, and
Thyroid disease
enzymes. Low albumin
levels can indicate a
problem with your liver or Higher than normal levels
kidneys. of albumin may
indicate dehydration or
severe diarrhea.

Bilirubin: bilirubin levels are higher

A bilirubin test measures than normal, it’s a sign that
total bilirubin. It can also either your red blood cells
give levels of two different are breaking down at an
types of bilirubin: unusual rate or that
unconjugated and your liver isn’t breaking down
conjugated. waste properly and clearing
the bilirubin from your blood.
Unconjugated (“indirect”)
bilirubin. This is the
bilirubin created from red Lower-than-normal levels of
blood cell breakdown. It bilirubin aren’t a problem.
travels in the blood to the
liver.
Conjugated (“direct”)
bilirubin. This is the
bilirubin once it reaches the
liver and undergoes a
chemical change. It moves
to the intestines before
being removed through
your stool.

Ammonia:
This test measures the
level of ammonia in your
blood. Ammonia, also
known as NH3, is a waste
product made by your
body during the digestion
of protein. Normally,
ammonia is processed in
the liver, where it is
changed into another
waste product called urea.
Urea is passed through
the body in urine.
Hemoglobin is a protein
in your red blood cells that
carries oxygen to your
body's organs and tissues
and transports carbon
dioxide from your organs
and tissues back to your
lungs.
High ammonia levels
Liver diseases, such
as cirrhosis or hepatitis
Hepatic
encephalopathy
Kidney disease or
kidney failure
A low
level of ammonia could be
caused by very high blood
pressure that comes on
quickly and suddenly.
 level is lower than normal,
it means you have a low red
blood cell count (anemia).
 high hemoglobin count
occurs most commonly
when your body requires
an increased oxygen-
carrying capacity, usually
because: You smoke. You
live at a high altitude and
your red blood cell
production naturally
increases to compensate for
the lower oxygen supply
there
lower than
Hematocrit : normal hematocrit can
A hematocrit is a simple indicate: An insufficient
blood test done to supply of healthy red blood
measure the red blood cells (anemia) A large
cells in a person's blood. number of white blood cells
Red blood cells due to long-term illness,
(erythrocytes) infection or a white blood
are important because cell disorder such as
they carry oxygen through leukemia or lymphoma.
your body. A low or high
red blood cell count can  hematocrit is high,
indicate a medical this means that you have
condition or disease. more red blood cells than
what's considered to be
healthy. High
hematocrit levels could ind
icate underlying medical
conditions like: Dehydration.
Carbon monoxide
poisoning.

sodium is high?
Hypernatremia typically
causes thirst. The most
electrolytes
serious symptoms of
hypernatremia result from
Sodium :
brain dysfunction. Severe
hypernatremia can lead to
confusion, muscle twitching,
seizures, coma, and death.

A low sodium level has

many causes, including
consumption of too many
fluids, kidney failure, heart
failure, cirrhosis, and use of
diuretics.

Low levels of chloride may
Chloride indicate: Heart failure. Lung
diseases. Addison's
disease, a condition in
which your body's adrenal
glands don't produce
enough of certain types of
hormones.

High levels of chloride may
indicate: Dehydration.
Kidney disease. Acidosis, a
condition in which you have
too much acid in your blood.

 High Potassium affects
the way your heart's
muscles work. When you
have too much potassium,
Potassium your heart may beat
irregularly, which in the
worst cases, can cause
heart attack.

A low potassium level has

many causes but usually
results from vomiting,
diarrhea, adrenal gland
disorders, or use of
diuretics. A low
potassium level can make
muscles feel weak, cramp,
twitch, or even become
paralyzed, and abnormal
heart rhythms may develop.

A low BUN value may be

A blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) test meas
ures the amount of
nitrogen in your blood that
comes from the waste
product urea. Urea is
made when protein is
broken down in your body.
Urea is made in the liver
and passed out of your
body in the urine. A BUN
test is done to see how
well your kidneys are
working.
A WBC count is a blood
test to measure the
number of white blood
cells (WBCs) in the blood.
WBCs are also called
leukocytes. They help fight
infections. There are five
major types of white
blood cells : Basophils.
caused by a diet very low in
protein, malnutrition, or
severe liver damage.
Drinking excessive amounts
of liquid may cause
overhydration and cause
a low BUN value. Women
and children may
have lower BUN
levels than men because of
how their bodies break
down proteiN
A high BUN value can
mean kidney injury or
disease is present. Kidney
damage can be caused by
diabetes or high blood
pressure that directly affects
the kidneys. High BUN
levels can also be caused
by low blood flow to the
kidneys caused by
dehydration or heart failure.
Many medicines may cause
a high BUN.
A low white blood cell
count usually is caused by:
Viral infections that
temporarily disrupt the work
of bone marrow. Certain
disorders present at birth
(congenital) that involve
diminished bone marrow
function. Cancer or other
diseases that damage bone
marrow.
A high white blood cell
count usually indicates: An
increased production
of white blood cells to fight
an infection. A reaction to a
drug that increases white
blood cell production. A
disease of bone marrow,
causing
abnormally high production
of white blood cells.