‘CELL TRANSPORT Matai ar constant being Vaspored in and ou ofthe al vite call ‘membrane Such trie could nce fl for generating energy oF Guiding blocks exer fer protcin ater, sucha ana nade Some cals can secrete sigraing molecules communica‘ ith neghborng fal th rest the body. The cel membrane argely composed of Phospholipids burs ako studed win protensthat cla vanspon, rable cleto communicate wh ene archer and deny clto ther ‘all The membrane parmele to some morules Sutter molecules reed ace varspon tough speci rarnes inthe membrane Cels hve tee ra methods of arapot efor ciated uson ad eve rsp hes reqs ety) Re emcee cal Stscneste Fcttateddusion Rtetaeio wie, (ese sy ate ern Secatngisoyangwronon wd ‘Acive transport Noecdng ase one oath ncetaic tine eroapou recat Seighteca swe! bone Poke sere). peri aone’s MAKING NEW BODY CELLS Some calle are constantly replcingthemseles: eters tine, Whiethe cele Fringe eau ar reslaced ever cousie of days soe othe nev as inthe bain have been tere snce bore bith Sir cel are speciale cel that are consanty cng and ghirg rs to rew cls, sch saad els, mune cet ott cel Cll ‘sion equres haa cel ONA $acevately copied and then shared equaly between twodaughter cele, by «proces called mas The ehrrnasones re fs elated bore eng pulls. apposite ends of he cal The cel hen des to produce taugiter ces th the croplasm and rganeles being saree between the wo cel Nicer rene seg Nena womens ee 1 Preparation Alignment 2 Separation A sping rosin to the ogc ‘ronan andra bangeneed ‘Signy enay someon tate gh Softpring Energi cconaes neyo ‘Bninaepning nny ce ta022 THE INTEGRATED BODY CELLS AND TISSUES Cells are the building blocks from which the human body is made. Some cells work alone-such as red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, or sperm, which fertilize egg cells—but many are organized into tissues, where cells with different functions join forces to accomplish one or more specific tasks. 200 CELL TYPES “hear mere Pan 20 dere ype cal nh body tach psa alpnd wom pra fcson Frye conan sane pec noma, bt nk Mot be pon a avicned neve bis puta fpre epson acces at Eis tie hot baer and wate peromsin tbo Ace ite gy sere ee oith ifueneed byt poston be boy an coca chm mesenger tn: expos ha srutermert Ey trey develope. cls bag tcatecnis ote layes mee socal cle Caled eedom endodarn and rede als tng oft nse mau, and abe es nd be Briand spl car Cols he vcore bce the Inne Fnng ofthe pene vc. re pha ins irugerce using he were parce Vion wsocttcy stn cusngtecstays, Abpea ats rage taconite | clo ee TESS) Te aishne poem | RERBEE EA ough sotecmeseyypecteelintebciy smmaseareryngio | Peal hy 8 § hares che popry topo elacerent cy pre ache a (ine pons be dem ae bce nzeuigyresiced Sperm els SF Schorcpethaneae downanaieyone Nieragoie fotarunersi Per poems tC hey doe oe fenblty ere fatatte enbecane Scere bleve Photoreceptor al pores [ng eros Tse veo pore ype (tooalac into wice so anton eoee worceta nsegelgh anda mew dea coon one ee ng sd en he The number of different types of cell in the human body. Most are organized in groups to form tissues. Incegrated tissues Epithelial cel Cauca Nerve ale owt se eect rake ‘moat msc cls Supa edn ena cece at pie —e—024 THE INTEGRATED BODY LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION The overall organietion af the human body ca be ‘oualedin the form of «hitch of eve, a shown eo: At ones el arene bac asc chem! constr Asthe hierarchy ascends, the number of ‘orponents each of level, saves Mgr and ystens~decreases progres, caminteg 8 2 single organi at apex More than 2 chemical element ae foun inthe body with jus four-onygen, carbon drogen, and nirogen~compraing around 96 porary mass. Tachelenents composed af toms, the tiny bling lock of mater of wich tere ate quaeilnsin the body Atoms of diferent element general combine wth ‘CHEMICALS Keyamong me cher ais otis ergs ‘sing pens These stm poterm Tanyas om bud cle cog ces ‘thn ati peptone aces inch corti ORAL pp) ale ee boo mon bse tengconporens iy toarenente ord, ce BODY COMPOSITION Ifthe 75 trillion cells that make up the human body led an isolated, anarchic existence, it would be no more than a shapeless mass. Instead, those cells are precisely organized, taking their place within the hierarchical structure that is a fully functioning human being. thers to orm mous uch as water hyeogen and faygen a0 andthe many oganc molecules, Incuding prone ang ONA, hese arpanie molecu are Consred round "elt of inks carton atoms (eliare te sale ofa Ivng us They ate ete rom chemi moles hich pete bute ebisnganainnersrucues, and dr che metalic reacins that kep ther ave. There re more than 200 yes of el tre human body each scape ‘o-ay outa speci roe, buinatin wos on ee 922, Groups of sar cell th the sre function form ad ‘cooperate thn conmunties called ius. The 2/2 fourbasictisu Woes ae enthaal which covers surfaces l= ikioad thee ype malta cae | [nisdeitowonyintewiecl oe | “ting sea nto conduc espe ‘Sane hae urn prety Dgsnd nares nee bn and ines cae: connective, which suppor nd protects body sracutes scl hh rates overt anc nevous, whic aliases apd ‘communcation ee p23) ‘Organ sch hele, brian Meare dete struts bul rom at east we ype Fase, Fach as | speclzeg olor roles that na eaher vpn can pero. Where organs colecively nate 3 care upose,theyare rkedtogeter within assem, su the cardiovascular syste, ics tanspors enygen and ‘havent rund the bod. id whic awe here Ines and merdepencet, the body 3am combine:a produces complete hua (see pp. 26-77) sea ‘cee farce pe | Bone thehea nd mle cnr ae | egebensndapoelstie nen ne | inbesanc eerie vaher Complexe Stratos ry {Steinem ofversndsreteBODY COMPOSTTION 1 Deiter The total number of cells that make up the average human body.BODY SYSTEMS The human body can do many different things. It can digest food, think, move, even reproduce and create new life. Each of these tasks is performed bya different body system-a group of organs and tissues working M together to complete that task. However, good health and body efficiency rely on the different body systems working together in harmony. SYSTEM INTERACTION “Think bout what your bags ing ight no You re breathing your hears beng. and your blood restr sunder conta, You ate aio conscious ad dle. Ifyou were ta tat unning spec zed call aed chemoreceptor wus detec charge in your 200s rretabo craqurements ardsgalta ‘he branto reese {orenine The woe nur sir to the hereto bet faster boosting blood erelsion and erading anygeno reach he maces. Aer, cal hypetha as might detect an increase body tempest anc sends sgraltoshesnto procuce sweat. whch woud evapora ar cool you dows The ta sstems of he body at inked together bys ast retwork of pose ad neplvefedbck loops These se sna ng molecules suen as hormones ang electrics mpls rom nerves te commie nd maintain ase of equim Here betas amore ad functions of exch system are desc bed, nd apes of er interactions te ean CONTROLLING THE HEART loverg ogee: nanescf me srostee x pouyrouhte revo pars repli hehewtand end ouput ieee Syren ee Jj Trevans nen tom the oaasrmpatbte ‘prunes chem a South eae ane recuce ceducoupat Sorte "ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ‘relate camped ofa eof Trruneaysen void te body Noweren ohtuerele ovr comaconsndrensten | Fomoom muse wih be mucus syn, roman ng contol Free chonal _ reneeprcaleg romans nena aly | [terest otne ous fom specie gande ‘yn commons rough reawaks rrene cals whch corm) fe oer body se Te Indoor alo hes sper rae ‘ebay sean ery | donde oir ineron-mpees | fuck bony pte lrg The | ebiaayatem stove net ape ey | beating eng wer 2 BREATHING IN AND OUT ‘Te means of behing yw an Inu betwee eterna maaan oe ee $ret ashagm cowsa tomcat toume sth ces vy p32) 43) Teter a down rg Noecseem errs uras rg fered alison These apy ste ‘hat cay fercrgalroutol Deg| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Insane ets ism Tee en doar [lee alsof evr tooysjsien oreo onde em wh ey CARDIOVASCULAR, | SYSTEM Sn fon era a [tenors poduestom tec rhe _ Sonar tne ane ar yam ee Boodtioigh te Sead eset | MUSCULAR SYSTEM The mitra mace up of hee peso muscle Sle smth snd ard ts apartie or enering repo tom ld notre tie ma of Ipeom crtacigtatite gra ae epost). "SKELETAL SYSTEM [resents bone anti pers and dono _ dat bospnon rcod appar npc Eres ocr oftenevoutayem ne apres {ndverara anova nan he espa ane olny ira wa erage ese or | REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Ath te pcos yam nates or [manag seeds propagate ses | line mls andthe ares refer proce gamete Inchetorm ofspor and gg whch ia'a cee | entre “he tebe und ne deo produce Feemenes, Ital estos an tatterone soa orn pat URINARY SYSTEM. The vinay em fran removes many fe wae prods evened ye ier aay ayer such she diet ot Peace yen Bae ou te bdree rd prodicng ur, [eight the tds ao hep mavtan Sood rate thn te ed nf bude unten outed ough nese | Fearcuanne i000 smyontnedetacton sta trates rarspon ceomgestee oad fem the boays ese es ao ‘pnara When the caer eeu cyaiecte z aN tag ge Te ley tects ey senctin beeen the Ire acoso 81) Urns bie casrehvons tere tne a fier bid wenn ear phon boos sacedtrugh 3 ores cur fein) ne hee yt sel Srenbrae The ee pases ough aster ofa ome pati st nda reso eadsean Wena nevges {neve ianatomy The human body is a “living machine" with many complex working parts. To understand how the body functions it is vital to know how it is assembled. Advances in technology allow us to strip back the outer layers and reveal the wonders inside. 030 Anatomical terminology 036 BODY SYSTEMS 38 Skin, har and nallstructure 960. Nervous system 074 ymphaticand (080 Urinary system (040. Skeletal system 966. Respiratory system immune system (082. Reproductive system 950 Muscular system 068 Cardiovascular system 078 Digestive system (084, Endocrine system 0838 ANATOMY ATLAS Head and Neck 156 Cardiovascular Shoulder and upperarm Hip and thigh 090 Sicleal 162 ymphaticand immune 200. Skeletal 248 Sele 100 Musclar 164 Digestive 206. Muscular 250. Muscular 106 Nenous 166 Reproductive 214 Nervous 358. Nenous 124, Respatory 168 Mil scans 218 Cardiovascular 262. Cardionscular 126 Cardiovascular : 222 Lymphaticand immune 266. Lymnatic and immune 180 (ympfaicandinmine Abdomen and pekvis 224 Integated shoulder andelbow 268 Integrated hip and knee 132 Digestive poo ee 176 Muscular Lower arm and hand Lower leg and foot Pentre 180 Nervous 228 Steel 272 Sele 182. Cardiovascua 232 Musculr 276 Muscular Thorax 104 lymphatcandimmune 236. Nereus 380. Nervous 138 Stell 186 Digetve 218 Gardiorscias 282. Cardionscular 144 Muscle 192 Usnary 240 Integrated hand 204 negated fot 150 Nerous 194 Reproductive 242. Mil sans 386 kl scans 152 Respiratory 198 MR scans