Kinetic Theory Vrms, Vavg, Vmp

of Gases
LECTURE 2
Jayant Nagda
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B.Tech, IIT Bombay
IIT-JEE AIR - 161
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Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The pressure exerted on the walls of container by a

gas is due to the fact that gas molecules are –

A. Losing their kinetic energy.

B. Sticking to the walls.
C. Changing their momenta due to collision
with the walls.
D. Getting accelerated towards the wall.
Assumptions ofof
Assumptions KTG
KTG

1. Molecules in gases are moving randomly in all directions.

2. Size of molecule << average separation between molecules.

3. Molecules do not exert any force on each other or on wall

except during collision.

4. All collisions are elastic.

5. Molecules obey Newton's laws.

6. Gas is in steady state i.e density distribution of molecules is

same throughout.
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The pressure of a gas increases on raising the

temperature of a given gas in a container because –
A. The average velocity of molecules increase so that per
second the number of collisions on the wall increases.
B. The mass of molecules increases
C. The molecules get smaller time to remain in contact
with the wall
D. There is a loss of energy in each collisions of the
molecules
Pressure of an Ideal Gas

nmv2rms n: no. of molecules

P=
3V m: mass of each gas molecule

Mv2rms nm = M
P =
3V Total mass of the gas

P= ⅓ ρv2rms M/V = ρ
density of gas.
Pressure of an Ideal Gas

Pressure exerted by the gas is

M: total mass of gas

M0: molar mass of gas

Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The temperature of an ideal gas is increased

from 27°C to 927°C. The rms speed of
its molecules becomes -

A. Twice

B. Half

C. Four times

D. One fourth
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

If the r.m.s. velocity of a gas at a given temperature (Kelvin scale)

is 300 m/sec. What will be the r.m.s. velocity of a gas having twice
the molecular weight and half the temperature on Kelvin scale ?

A. 300 m/sec
B. 600 m/sec
C. 75 m/sec
D. 150 m/sec
Pressure of an Ideal Gas

From above result, it can be concluded that the

temperature of a gas is the measure of the
average kinetic energy of its molecules.

This is what we mean by the

kinetic interpretation of temperature.
Kinetic Energy of Ideal Gas
Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature
total translational K.E. of gas

= ½ M v2rms

= 3/2 PV
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The average translational kinetic energy of 10 gram H2 at 27 º C is

A. 37250 J
B. 18675 J
C. 12450 J
D. 3737 J
Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature

Translational kinetic energy of 1 molecule

E= (3/2) kT

(it is independent of nature of gas)

k = 1.38 × 10-23 J-K-1

Boltzmann constant
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Average kinetic energy per molecule of an

ideal monatomic gas at 0oC (k = 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1) is -

A. 4.8 x 10-18 J
B. 9.5 x 10-23 J
C. 5.6 x 10-21 J
D. 11.3 x 10-22 J
Distribution of Molecular Speed

We have calculated the expression of vrms of gas molecules as:

This does not mean that speed of each molecule is v rms.

Many of the molecules have speed less than vrms and

many have speed greater than vrms.
Distribution of Molecular Speed

Maxwell derived an equation giving

the distribution of molecules in different speed

If dN represents the number of molecules

with speeds between v and v + dv, then
Distribution of Molecular Speed

dN/dv

temperature T

v: speeds of molecules

The speed vmp at which dN/dv is maximum

is called the most probable speed.
Example Numerical type Question [ +4 , 0]

Given the following group of particles, Ni represents

the number of molecules with speed vi
Calculate
(i) most probable speed Ni vi (m/s)

2 1.0
4 2.0

9 3.0

5 4.0

3 5.0
Distribution of Molecular Speed The important features of
speed distribution curve :

1. The speed at which dN/dv

dN/dv is maximum, is called most
temperature T probable speed vmp. Its
value is given by

1. The number of molecules

v: speeds of molecules
with speeds v to v + dv is
equal to the area of the
strip.
Distribution of Molecular Speed

The important features of

speed distribution curve :

3. At higher temperatures,
molecules have more energy,
curve is broader and flatter.

4. At lower temperatures,
molecules have lesser energies,
curve is narrower and sharper.

Area under each curve is total

no. of molecules hence it
remains same.
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Maxwell's velocity distribution curve is given for two different

temperatures. For the given curves -

A. T1 > T2
B. T1 < T2
C. T1 ≤ T2
D. T1 = T2
Example Numerical type Question [ +4 , 0]

Given the following group of particles, Ni represents

the number of molecules with speed vi
Calculate
(ii) average speed Ni vi (m/s)

Ans till two places after decimal 2 1.0

4 2.0

9 3.0

5 4.0

3 5.0
Example Numerical type Question [ +4 , 0]

Given the following group of particles, Ni represents

the number of molecules with speed vi
Calculate
(iii) rms speed Ni vi (m/s)

Ans till two places after decimal 2 1.0

4 2.0

9 3.0

5 4.0

3 5.0
Different types of speeds of gas molecules

Root mean square speed:

defined as the square root of mean of squares
of the speed of different molecules, i.e.,

According to kinetic theory of gases

M0 is the mass of one mole

m is the mass of one molecule

Different types of speeds of gas molecules

Average speed:
defined as the arithmetic mean of the speeds of the
molecules of a gas at a given temperature.

By Maxwell speed distribution law,

it can be shown that
Example Numerical type Question [ +4 , 0]

At what temperature will the average speed of oxygen

molecule be sufficient so as to escape from the earth?
Ans is 1.84 x 10X Kelvin. Find X

Escape velocity from earth is 11.0 km/s and

mass of one molecule of oxygen is 5.34 × 10–26 kg.
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10-23 J/molecule - K
Different types of speeds of gas molecules

Most probable speed

speed with which the largest number of molecules
in a gas are moving. At any temperature it is given by
Different types of speeds of gas molecules

It can be seen from all formulae

vrms > vavg > vmp

Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Consider a hypothetical dN/du Vs u graph for an ideal

gas particles. The root mean square speed of given
distribution is -
A.

B.

C.

D. None
Daily Practice Problems
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The energy of a given sample of an ideal gas

depend only on its –
A. Volume
B. Pressure
C. Density
D. Temperature

Ans: D
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The root mean square speed of molecules of ideal gases at

the same temperature are –

A. The same.
B. Inversely proportional to the square root of
the molecular weight.
C. Directly proportional to molecular weight.
D. Inversely proportional to the molecular
weight.

Ans: B
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Hydrogen has maximum rms speed at NTP because -

A. It is the lightest gas

B. It absorbs heat rapidly
C. It is a good conductor of heat
D. It has only one electron in its atom

Ans: A
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

At room temperature the r.m.s speed of the molecules of a

certain diatomic gas is found to be 1920 m/s. The gas is:

A. H2
B. F2
C. O2
D. Cl2

Ans: A
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The rms velocity of which of the following gas at a given

temperature is minimum –

A. O2
B. N2
C. Cl2
D. He

Ans: C
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

An ideal gas is held in a container of volume V at pressure

P. The average speed of a gas molecule under these
conditions is v. If now the volume and pressure are changed
to 2V and 2P, the average speed of a molecule will be

A. ½ v
B. v
C. 2v
D. 4v

Ans: C
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]
The relation between the rms speed (vrms) of the gas molecules
and the velocity of sound in that gas (vs) in identical situations of
pressure and temperature is –

A. vrms = vs

B.

C.

D.

Ans: B
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

O2 is 16 times heavier that H2. If at same

temperature the O2 molecules have average
kinetic energy E than at the same temperature the
average kinetic energy of H2 molecules will be -

A. E/4
B. 4E
C. E
D. E/16

Ans: C
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

The average translational kinetic energy of molecule of ideal

gas at 47 oC will be –
A. 0.41 × 10–2 eV
B. 4.1 × 10–2 eV
C. 0.41 × 10–3 eV
D. 4.1 × 10–4 eV

Ans: B
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Let v, vrms and vmp respectively denote the mean speed, root
mean square speed and most probable speed of the molecules
in an ideal monatomic gas at absolute temperature T. The
mass of a molecule is m. Then –
A. vmp< v < vrms
B. The average kinetic energy of a
molecule is (3/4) mvmp2
C. Both of these
D. None of these

Ans: C
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Three closed vessels A, B and C are at the same

temperature and contain gases which obey the
Maxwellian distribution of velocities. Vessel A contain
only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture of equal quantities of
O2 and N2. If the average speed of O2 molecules in vessel
A is v1, that of the N2 molecules in vessel B is v2, the
average speed of the O2 molecules in vessel C is –

A. (v1 + v2)/2
B. v1
C. (v1v2)½
D. √(3kT/M)

Ans: B
Example MCQ type Question [ +4 , -1]

Graph shows a hypothetical speed distribution for a

sample of N gas particle (for v > v0 ; dN/dv = 0)

a. The value of av0 is 2N

b. The ratio vavg /v0 is equal to 2/3
c. The ratio vrms /v0 is equal to 1/ √2
d. Three fourth of the total particle has
a speed between 0.5v0 and v0

Ans:A,B,C,D
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