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Babies are Born with Genetic Disorders

A new report estimates that eight million children each year are born with serious
disorders caused at least partly by their genes.  That is about six percent of all births
worldwide.  The report is from the March of Dimes organization.
Researchers found that about ninety-five percent of births with serious defects
happen in the developing world.  They say Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Benin have the
highest rates of birth defects.  Others with the ten highest rates include Burkina Faso,
the Palestinian territories, the United Arab Emirates and Tajikistan.  And they include
Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan. 
The study links high birth-defect rates in developing countries to poor health
care and nutrition.  The researchers also note higher than average rates of marriage
among blood relatives, and of older women having babies.
The most common genetic defects include heart disorders, Down syndrome and
incorrectly formed backbones and brains.  They also include disorders of the red
blood cells, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. 
The report says hundreds of thousands of other children are born with serious
defects that are caused during pregnancy.  Pregnant women risk harm to their babies
from alcohol and tobacco.  There is also a risk if they get infected with diseases like
rubella or syphilis, or do not get enough nutrients like iodine and folic acid. 
The March of Dimes says the report identifies for the first time what it calls
the "hidden" worldwide extent of birth defects.  Researchers collected information on
almost two hundred countries.  They found that every year more than three million
children under the age of five die from birth defects.  Those who survive may have
mental or physical problems for life.
The report suggests a number of ways to deal with the international problem. 
One step is to make sure women have a healthy diet during their reproductive years. 
Another is to test men and women to identify those at higher risk of having children
with genetic disorders. 
But the report says the first step is to educate people about the problem of
birth defects and ways to prevent or treat them.  The March of Dimes says the ideas in
the report could reduce death and disability from birth defects by up to seventy
percent.