Samjhana Awal

• Represent enduring characteristics of individuals to respond in a

certain manner in most situation.
 Personality traits are simply:
i. Actions
ii. Attitudes
iii. Behaviors
 Personality traits are measurable.
Personality traits and
Early search for

characteristics
primary traits

Big Five model

personality traits

Myers-Briggs Type
Indicators
 Known as Catell’s personality factors, Sixteen Personality Factor
Questionnaire (16PF).
 Proposed by a psychologist named Raymond Cattell.
 Created a taxonomy of 16 different personality traits that could be used
to describe and explain individual differences between people's
personalities.
 In business, it is used in personnel selection, especially for choosing
managers.
 According to Cattell, there is a continuum of personality traits. In other
words, each person contains all of these 16 traits to a certain degree,
but they might be high in some traits and low in others.
 Some of the descriptive terms used for each of the 16 personality
dimensions described by Cattell.

1. Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical

2. Apprehension: Worried versus confident
3. Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
4. Emotional Stability: Calm versus high-strung
5. Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
6. Openness to Change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
7. Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
8. Privateness: Discreet versus open
9. Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
10. Rule-Consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
11. Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
12. Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded.
13. Social Boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
14. Tension: Impatient versus relaxed
15. Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
16. Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved
 Primary
Descriptors of Low Range Descriptors of High Range
Factor
Impersonal, distant, cool, reserved, detached, formal, Warmth Warm, outgoing, attentive to others, kindly, easy-going,
aloof (A) participating, likes people
Concrete thinking, lower general mental capacity, less Reasoning Abstract-thinking, more intelligent, bright, higher general
intelligent, unable to handle abstract problems (B) mental capacity, fast learner
Emotional
Reactive emotionally, changeable, affected by feelings,
Stability Emotionally stable, adaptive, mature, faces reality calmly
emotionally less stable, easily upset
(C)

Deferential, cooperative, avoids conflict, submissive, Dominance Dominant, forceful, assertive, aggressive, competitive,
humble, obedient, easily led, docile, accommodating (E) stubborn, bossy

Liveliness Lively, animated, spontaneous, enthusiastic, happy go

Serious, restrained, prudent, taciturn, introspective, silent
(F) lucky, cheerful, expressive, impulsive
Rule-
Expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules, self- Consciousn Rule-conscious, dutiful, conscientious, conforming,
indulgent ess moralistic, staid, rule bound
(G)
Social
Shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, intimidated Boldness Socially bold, venturesome, thick skinned, uninhibited
(H)
Utilitarian, objective, unsentimental, tough minded, self- Sensitivity Sensitive, aesthetic, sentimental, tender minded, intuitive,
reliant, no-nonsense, rough (I) refined
Trusting, unsuspecting, accepting, Vigilance Vigilant, suspicious, skeptical, distrustful,
unconditional, easy (L) oppositional
Grounded, practical, prosaic, solution Abstractedness Abstract, imaginative, absent minded,
oriented, steady, conventional (M) impractical, absorbed in ideas

Forthright, genuine, artless, open, Privateness Private, discreet, no disclosing, shrewd,

guileless, naive, unpretentious, involved
Self-Assured, unworried, complacent,
secure, free of guilt, confident, self-
satisfied
Traditional, attached to familiar,
conservative, respecting traditional ideas
Group-oriented, affiliative, a joiner and
follower dependent
Tolerates disorder, unexacting, flexible,
undisciplined, lax, self-conflict, impulsive,
careless of social rules, uncontrolled
(N) polished, worldly, astute, diplomatic
Apprehension Apprehensive, self doubting, worried, guilt
(O) prone, insecure, worrying, self blaming
Openness to Change Open to change, experimental, liberal,
(Q1) analytical, critical, free thinking, flexibility
Self-Reliance Self-reliant, solitary, resourceful,
(Q2) individualistic, self-sufficient
Perfectionistic, organized, compulsive,
Perfectionism
self-disciplined, socially precise, exacting
(Q3)
will power, control, self-sentimental

Relaxed, placid, tranquil, torpid, patient, Tension Tense, high energy, impatient, driven,
composed low drive (Q4) frustrated, over wrought, time driven.

Primary Factors and Descriptors in Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Model (Adapted From Conn & Rieke, 1994).
People can use the 16PF assessment to:

 Provide vocational guidance to identify occupations for which the individual is

best suited.
 Assist with personnel selection and career development through measurement of
five primary management dimensions frequently identified to forecast
management potential and style.
 Assist with clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy planning, The 16PF
instrument helps provide clinicians with a normal-range measurement of anxiety,
adjustment, and behavioral problems.
 Help identify personality factors that may predict marital compatibility and
satisfaction. Results also highlight existing or potential problem areas.
 Help identify students with potential academic, emotional, and social problems.