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Revision Topic: Respiration

Electron Transport System ( ETS)

 __________ within NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle  electron-transport system
enter the ____________ _____________ _________which  Electrons
consists of a series of molecules embedded in the __________  electron carrier
__________ of mitochondrion.  inner membrane
 Each molecule is an ____________ __________. Electrons
are passed from one carrier to another at progressively lower
energy levels.

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  The carrier molecule that receives an electron is __________,  energy
and the one losing the electron is oxidised.  flavoprotein
 A small amount ________ of is released during each transfer.  2 ATP
 Electrons from ________ enter the electron transport chain at  3 ATP
flavin mononucleotide / _______________ (FMN) whereas  mitochondrial matrix
electron from FADH2 enter at a lower energy level, that is at  cytochrome a3
 pump
ubiquinone molecule (carrier/ Coenzyme Q).
 ATP synthetase
 The _______ __________ in the chain, _____________  NADH
transfers the electrons to oxygen to form water.  proton (H+) gradient
 The energy released by the electron transport chain is used to  final carrier
_______ hydrogen ions (H+) from the matrix into the  reduced
intermembrane space.
 This builds up a transmembrane electrochemical __________
_____________.
 When protons diffuse out from the intermembrane space
through the ____ _____________ protein channel into
the______________ ___________, ATP is synthesised fiom
ADP and Pi.
 Each NADH generates ______.
 Each FADH2 generates ______.

Chemiosmotic Theory (Chemiosmosis)  channels

 the energy for ATP synthesis is obtained when ___________  intermembrane space
_____ move down a concentration gradient from the  phosphate groups
mitochondrion intermembrane space to the matrix.  hydrogen ions
 When electrons are transferred along the electron chain  ADP
 down
system in the inner mitochandrial membrane, hydrogen ions
 ATP
are ____________ ___________ into the intermembrane  concentration gradient
space from the mitochondrial matrix.  ATP synthase
 This creates a proton _____________ __________ between  matrix
the two regions.  actively transported
 An enzyme, a protein complex called ____ ______________,
forms __________ in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
 As hydrogen ions diffuse ______ the gradient through the
ATP synthase channel from the ______________ ______
into the ________ , the energy generated is used to synthesise
_____ from ______ and _____________ _________.

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Topic: Respiration

Electron Transport System ( ETS)

 Electrons within NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle

enter the electron-transport system which consists of a series
of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of
mitochondrion.
 Each molecule is an electron carrier. Electrons are passed
from one carrier to another at progressively lower energy
levels.
 The carrier molecule that receives an electron is reduced, and
the one losing the electron is oxidised.
 A small amount of energy is released during each transfer.
 Electrons from NADH enter the electron transport chain at
flavin mononucleotide / flavoprotein (FMN) whereas electron
from FADH2 enter at a lower energy level, that is at
ubiquinone molecule (carrier/ Coenzyme Q).
 The final carrier in the chain, cytochrome a3 transfers the
electrons to oxygen to form water.
 The energy released by the electron transport chain is used to
pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the matrix into the
intermembrane space.
 This builds up a transmembrane electrochemical proton (H+)
gradient.
 When protons diffuse out from the intermembrane space
through the ATP synthase protein channel into the
mitochondrial matrix, ATP is synthesised fiom ADP and Pi.
 Each NADH generates 3 ATP

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  Each FADH2 generates 2 ATP.

Chemiosmotic Theory (Chemiosmosis)

 the energy for ATP synthesis is obtained when hydrogen ions
move down a concentration gradient from the mitochondrion
intermembrane space to the matrix.
 When electrons are transferred along the electron chain
system in the inner mitochandrial membrane, hydrogen ions
are actively transported into the intermembrane space from
the mitochondrial matrix.
 This creates a proton concentration gradient between the two
regions.
 An enzyme, a protein complex called ATP synthase, forms
channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
 As hydrogen ions diffuse down the gradient through the ATP
synthase channel from the intermembrane space into the
matrix, the energy generated is used to synthesise ATP from
ADP and phosphate groups.