1.

ZEUS

Roman Name: Jupiter

v King of the gods and ruler of

Mount Olympus; god of the
sky, lightning, thunder, law,
order and justice.

Symbols:
Thunderbolt, eagle, oak tree,
bull, scepter, and scales.
2. HERA

Roman Name: Juno

v Queen of the gods and the goddess

of marriage, women, childbirth and
family.

Symbols: Peacock, cuckoo, and cow.

3. POSEIDON
Roman Name: Neptune

God of the seas, water,

storms, hurricanes,
earthquakes and horses.

Symbols: Horse, bull,

dolphin, and trident.
4 . DEMETER
Roman Name: Ceres

Goddess of the harvest,

fertility, agriculture, nature
and the seasons. She
presided over grains and the
fertility of the earth.

Symbols: Poppy, wheat, torch,

cornucopia, and pig.
5. ATHENA

Roman Name: Minerva

vG o d d e s s o f w i s d o m ,
handicraft, and warfare.

Symbols: Owl and the olive

tree.
6. APOLLO/APOLLON

Roman Name: Apollo

God of light, the Sun, prophecy,

philosophy, archery, truth, inspiration,
poetry, music, arts, manly beauty,
medicine, healing, and plague.

Symbols: Sun, bow and arrow, lyre,

swan, and mouse.
7. ARTEMIS
Roman Name: Diana

Goddess of the hunt, the

wilderness, virginity, the Moon,
archery, childbirth, protection
and plague.

Symbols: Moon, horse, deer,

hound, she-bear, snake, cypress
tree, and bow and arrow.
8. ARES
Roman Name: Mars

God of war, violence,

bloodshed and manly
virtues.

Symbols: Boar, serpent, dog,

vulture, spear, and shield.
9. APHRODITE
Roman Name: Venus

Goddess of love, pleasure,

passion, procreation,
fertility, beauty and desire.

Symbols: Dove, bird, apple,

bee, swan, myrtle, and rose.
10. HEPHAESTUS
Roman Name: Vulcan

Master blacksmith and

craftsman of the gods; god of
the forge, craftsmanship,
invention, fire and volcanoes.

Symbols: Fire, anvil, axe,

donkey, hammer, tongs, and
quail.
11. HERMES
Roman Name: Mercury

Messenger of the gods; god of

travel, commerce,
communication, borders,
eloquence, diplomacy, thieves
and games. He was also the
guide of dead souls.

Symbols: Caduceus (staff

entwined with two snakes),
winged sandals and cap, stork,
and tortoise (whose shell he
used to invent the lyre).
12. DIONYSOS
Roman Name: Bacchus

God of wine, the grape vine,

fertility, festivity, ecstasy,
madness and resurrection.
Patron god of the art of
theatre.

Symbols: Grapevine, ivy, cup,

tiger, panther, leopard,
dolphin, goat, and pinecone.
E S S A Y

1. Discuss the ways in which mythology functioned as literature, science and religion.

The ways in which mythology functioned as literature, science, and religion is

that it tries to answer a question between religion and science wherein the religious
aspect, most myths illustrate concepts of morality, showing what pleases the gods
and what upsets them. In this world, morality is cast in religious terms. One of the
most famous mythology is Greek Mythology that can still be found in many
discussions about science, arts, and literature, language, names, and brands.
Mythology served as early literature because it was a source for entertainment, just
like today. It tells the stories of the gods and heroes, and these gods and heroes
were worshiped. As far as literature, mythology was the key element. Almost all
literature drew from mythological themes. Myths also take a place of science for a
very long time. It explains why the world is the way it is. Ancient peoples had a poor
understanding of cause and effect. Therefore, when the seasons changed, they did
not think that this was a physical occurrence happening due to the laws of physics,
rather, they thought that it was the work of the gods. In this way, myth filled the
a b s e n c e o f s c i e n c e u n t i l s c i e n c e c a m e a r o u n d .
2. Can you relate mythology to everyday life?

Yes, I can relate mythology to everyday life as it gave our ancestors a

sense of direction and helped them explain everything from the origin of
mankind to the existence of diseases. For them, it was not just a belief in
invisible higher beings. We Filipinos also have a collection of stories and
superstitions about magical beings also known as deities whom our
ancestors believed controlled everything. I used to hear stories about
aswang and other creatures that made me not to go out at night or go to
sleep early. Stories about these creatures were used by some parents or
older ones to make the children behave. Every country has its own collection
of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural
tradition. One of the famous ones is Greek mythology that has a counterpart
of Roman mythology. We see symbols of them in the field of medicines and
even in the study of Psychology. Mythology covers all kinds of traditional
knowledge embedded in our society: arts, folk literature, customs, beliefs,
and among others.