BLOK 3 BASIC SCIENCE OF DISEASE

NERVOUS TISSUE

Learning Objectives : 
A. Describe the organization and understand the basic function of spinal cord 
B. Describe the organization and understand the basic functions cerebellum 
C. Describe the organization and understand the basic functions cerebrum 

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system ( CNS ) and the peripheral
nervous system ( PNS ). The CNS consist of the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS is composed
of nerves and groups of neurous, called ganglia.

A. Spinal Cord

Spinal cord orientation is noted by dorsal, ventral ( v ), and lateral areas of the
cervical cord.
The spinal cord is divided into the butterfly-shaped or H-shaped grey matter and
surrounding white matter. In the H shaped gray matter, there is an opening, the central
canal.
1. Gray Matter (Butterfly-shaped region)
  Dorsal Horns (left, right) - upper parts of the wings that receive sensory
input from peripheral neurons.
 Ventral Horns (left, right) - lower parts of the wings that contain the cell
bodies of motor neurons that give rise to the motor portion of peripheral
nerves
2. White Matter 
In the white matter of the spinal cord, numerous profile of myelinated axons
and supporting glial cells are found.
3. Central Canal
Central canal is round structure in the center of the spinal cord that contains
cerebral spinal fluid.
B. Cerebellum
The cerebellum consist of superficially located gray matter and core of white
matter. The gray matter is subdivided into well organized and distinguishable
layers :
a. The outher molecular layer
b. Purkinje cell layer
c. The inner granular layer
C. Cerebrum

The cerebral surface is convulated. The rounded elevations of cerebral surface are
the gyri, and the space between each gyrus constitutes the sulcus. The cerebral cortex
appears to be less will-oragnized compared to cerebral cortex loosely stratified into layers
containing scattered nuclei of both neurons and glial cells. Neurons of the cerebral cortex
are of varying shapes and sizes, pyramidal cells are the most obvious cells types. 
Note that, The Cerebral cortex is divided in to six layers:
A. Molecular layer
B. External granular layer
C. External pyramidal layer
D. Internal granular layer
E. Internal pyramide layer
F. The multiform layer
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1 Spinal Cord
2 Cerebellum
3 Cerebrum