Vol.

7
ABS
&
Traction Control System
Step 3
TEAM Pub . No . TT M 30 7EN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
ABS (A nt i-lock Brake System) TRC (Traction Control System)
OUTLINE OF ABS OUTLINE OF TRC
WHAT IS AN A BS? ........................•.............•........1 WHAT is TRC? 53
PRINCiPLES 2 COM PONENTS AN D THEIR FU NCTIONS 54
BAS IC OPERAT ION 3 1. Layout of Components .54
HISTORY OF ABS ...........•...........................•.........3 2. System Diag ram 55
TY PES OF TOYOTA ABS 4 3. Funct ions 56
COMPONENTS OF ABS MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC
LAYOUT OF COMPO NENTS .......••.......................5 TRC W IRiNG DIA GRA M 57
W HEEL SPEED SENSO RS 6 SUB -THROTTLE ACTUATOR ...................•.........58
DECELERATION SENSOR .........................•..........7 SUB -THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR. 59
ABS ACTUATOR 9 TRC BRAKE ACTUATOR ...........•............•••.........60
1. A BS System Diagram 9 1. Constructio n 60
2. Const ruct io n 9- 1 2. Operation 63
3. Op eration 10 ABS & TRC ECU 6B
A BS ECU 15 1. W hee l Spe ed Cont ro l 68
1. ABS W ir ing Diag ram 15 2. Control of Relays 70
2. Wheel Sp eed Control 16 3. Initia l Check Function 72
3. Control of Relays 17 4. Selt-diaqnostic Fun cti o n 73
4. Init ial Check Funct io n 17 5. Fail-safe Function 73
5. Diag nost ic Functi on 17 TROUBLESHOOTING
6. Sensor Check Funct ion .......•........................18 GENERAL ................................••..........................7 4
7. Fail -safe Funct ion 18 ~ INSPECTION

TROUB LESHOOTING DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM ...........•................. ..........75

GENERAL 19 ~ OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO THC
TROUB LESHOOTING •........................................20 BLEEDING OF A IR FROM TRC............•..............83
~ INSPECTION DISPOSA L OF TRC ACCUMULATOR 84
DIAGNO STIC SYSTEM ...........••............•.............21 TRC PUM P ASSEMBLY........•.•...........................85
Init ial Chec k f uncti on 21 DELETED FOR NEW EDITION 77 to 82
Diagn ost ic Funct ion 21
Sensor Check Functi on 25
ABS ACTUATOR.......•.............•...........................30
W HEEL SPEED SENSORS ...................•..............32
APPENDIX
TYPE OF ABS 39
DELETED FOR NEW EDITION ••.....28,29,34 to 38,
and 43 to 51
 OUTLINE OF ASS - W hat is an ASS?

OUTLINE OF ABS
WHAT IS AN ABS7
Ordin ary brakes wo rk to slow or stop a vehicl e
by ut ilizing two types of resista nce . The se are
the resistance between the brake pad s and d iscs
(o r brake shoes and drums) and t he resis tance
between t he ti res and t he road surface. Braking
can be co ntro lled in a stable manne r if t he
=
following re lationship between t he res istance in
the brake syst em and the res istance between
the roa d and tires exists: OHP 01

Th e ASS co nt ro ls th e hydr aulic press ur e acting on

• Brake system
resistance
< Resistance between
tires and road
th e w hee l cy li nd ers t o prevent t he w heels from
l o cki ng u p w h en th e brake s a r e ap p lied o n a
sl ippery surf ace o r during panic braking . It also
Tir e (rotating) m ainta in s d irec t ion al sta bi lit y d ur ing b ra king so
Disc brake cali per th at the vehicle can be ste ered.
(wheel cy li nder)
REFER ENCE ----------~

In o rd inary brake syst ems without A SS, if t he

b rakes are ap p li ed on a snowy r oad ,

... Disc roto r

OHP 0 1
di rectional stability is ea sil y lost and the
d rive r must pump t he brake s in an attempt t o
stop . In v ehic les equ ipped w ith ASS, t he
ASS performs th is f unction auto mat ica ll y ,
t hereby co n t r o l li n g braking w it h more
How ever, if this relat io nsh ip is reversed. t he
com pet ence and accu racy.
tires w il l lock up and t he vehicle w ill begin
skiddi ng :

• Brake system
resistance
> Resistance between
tires and road

As a res ult, if t he front w heels lock up. it w ill

beco me impossible t o steer t he car. If t he rear
w h ee ls l oc k up. the differe nces in t he
coefficients of friction (~l between the left and
r ig ht si des on t he road surface wi ll ca use a ta il

- spin to occur.
 OUTliNE OF A BS - Princi ples

PRINCIPLES
W hen a v ehicle is being dr ive n at a co nsta nt In add it io n, it is also necessary t o keep co rnering
sp eed, t he spee d of t he vehicle and t hat of t he f orce at a h i g h l ev e l to m ai nt ai n d ire c t io nal
w hee ls ar e the same (in oth er w o rds, t he tires sta bil ity. In order t o do t his, the A BS is designed to
are not skid d ing) . Ho w ever, w hen t he dr ive r m ax im ize brake p erf o r mance b y util izin g a sli p
st eps on th e brake ped al in o rder to slow the r at io of 10- 3 0% regard less of ro ad co n d it io n s,
veh ic le, the speed of th e w he el s gradu all y w h ile a lso kee p ing co rn e r i ng fo rce as h ig h as
de creases and no lo nger m atch es t he spee d of possib le t o m ai nt ain direct ional stabilit y.
t he vehicle's bod y w hi ch is now t rave lin g alo ng
under its own ine rti a. (Th at is, a sma ll amo unt of
sli ppage m ay occur bet w een t he ti res and the
road su rf ace.) ABS slip tolerance
Th e d iff eren ce i n ratio betwee n t he ve hic le's - -- - : Braking force
bo dy spe ed and th e spe ed of t he w heels is - -- -- : Cornering force
known as t he "stlp ratio ."
T he sl ip r at io can be determ i ne d b y th e
Dry concrete ~
fo llow ing ca lculat io n:
.E
a
c
'0
' rati10 = Veh ic le speed
. - W heel speed X 100.to'
5 1IP
Vehicl e speed •E
____--'W.:..:.
et:...::asphalt 8
REFERE NCE - - - - - - - - - - ,
A slip ratio of 0% ref lect s a sta t e in w hic h
the w hee ls a re turnin g free ly with n o <,' "-,Dry concrete
.........Wet asphalt

.-.
resist an ce. A sli p rat io of 100% reflects a ". -, Ice
st at e in w hich the w hee ls ar e co m p lete ly
Ice - .-..:~
. _._. -........:..~
locked up and t he t ires are skiddi ng along the
ro ad's surfac e. o 20 40 60 80 100
Slip rat io (%) OHP 01
W he n the d ifference bet w een the w he el speed
an d ve hic le speed becomes too larg e, sl ipp ing
CAUTION - - - - - - - - - - -,
occurs betwee n the t ires and the roa d surf ace.
1 O n sli pp ery r oa d s u r fa ces having a low
T his also creates frict ion and m ay eve nt ua lly act
c o eff ic i e n t of fri cti on I IlL s i n ce braki ng
as a braking f orce and slow th e speed of the
dista nc e increases in co m parison with roa d
ve h icle .
surf aces havin g a high val ue of Il even if the
The relation sh ip between brak ing fo rce and th e
A BS is act iva t ed, sp eed must b e r ed uce d
sli p rati o can better understood from t he g ra ph
when traveling over th ose road surfaces.
at the right.
2 O n r o ugh ro ads, o r o n g ravel or sn o w-
Bra king force is not necessarily proportional to
covered r oad s, oper ation of t he ABS m ay
the slip rat io, and is at it s ma ximu m w hen t he
result in a longer st opping di st ance than for
slip rat io is bet ween 10 and 30%. Beyond 30%,
vehicles not f itted w ith an A BS.
t he braking f orce gradu al ly dec lines. T heref o re,
In addit ion, so und and vibrations are generated
in orde r to maintain a m aximum level of braki ng
w hen t he ABS is act iva t ed inf or m i ng t he driver
force, th e slip ratio sho u ld be m aint ained w it hin that the ABS is in operat ion.
t he range of 10 to 30% at all times.

2
 OUTLINE OF ABS - Basic Opera t ion/Histo ry of A SS

BASIC OPERATION HISTORY OF ABS

• Wheel speed sensors detec t th e rotationa l speed
of t he wheel and sen d t he sig nal t o th e A BS ECU.
• The A SS ECU m onit or s th e co ndi tio n o f t he
w heels b y ca lcu la t ing th e ve h ic le spee d and
changes in whee l spee d f ro m th e rotat ional
spee d of the wheel.
• In p ani c br ak in g sit u ations, t he ASS ECU
instructs t he actu ators to provi de t he opt i m um
pressure t o each bra ke.
• Th e b rak e hydrau li c con t ro l units operate on
c om ma n ds fr om t h e ECU, redu cing o r
incr easin g th e hydraulic pressure, or holding
t he hydraulic press u re ste ady as necessary,
in orde r t o m aintain the opti m um sli p rat io
(10 to 30%) and avoid wh eel lock-up.
Th e fi r st Toyota A nti-Loc k Brak e Syste m was
int rod uce d i n 1971 f or domestic ve hi cles . T h is
system was a rear-wheel system (tw o-wh eel A SS)
aimed at reducing th e loss of directio nal st ab ility
du ring brak ing on slick surfaces. Im provem ent s t o
t his system were ma de. an d four-w heel A SS was
int ro duced in 1983. A SS is curren tly in stall ed eit her
as sta ndard equipme nt or as an opt ion on nearl y all
passe nger cars and light truc ks.

Rear speed sensor

\

[ :"'amm
f-J
I Senser
rotor

-
ASS ECU

A SS ~
act uat or
~

Stop light sw itch

Front speed sensor
jsor
I~
r:f P. valve l:t::
roto r (0
ll:nm I
~ ==
L-.J
\
Disc brake caliper
(w heel cylinder) OHP 02

SYSTEM DIAGRAM (for Celica Oct.• 19891

3
 OU TLINE OF ASS - Ty pes of Toyot a ASS

TYPES OF TOYOTA ABS

The fo llowing typ es of A SS are u sed in Toy ot a expo rt m odels.
-
[ Typ e w hich co ntro ls t he rear w heels onl y Pow er so urce w it h - - Tw o-posit io n

Ty pe w hich co ntro ls all t he w hee ls

[ po wer steering pum p

Pow er so urce w it h
so leno id valve

TWO-Posit io n
m ot or
L so leno id va lve
Three-p ositi on
so leno id valve

TVPEOFABS
POWER SOLENOID VALVE(NUM BER) HYDRAULIC ABS
APPENDIX ·3
DRIVE CONFIGAATtON
SOURCE W ITH OTHER VALVE (NUM BER) CIRCUITRY·' ECU "2
z-positicn sole noi d va lve( 4) Page 39
Motor 4ch. 3ch. FF
w ith fl ow contro l valve( 4) Fig. 1
z-oosrtlon sole no id vafvetel Page 39
ech. sen. FF
w ith pressure increase vatv etz l Fig.2
Page 40
z-oosttlcn sole no id valve(6) 3ch. 3ch. FR or FR-based 4WD
Fig. 3
3ch. FF or Fs-based 4WD Page 40
2-pos ition solenoi d vatve (B) 4ch.
4ch. FF or FF-based 4WD Fig.4

a-posttton soleno id valve(3) Page 40

Mot or 3ch. 3ch. FR
wi t h by -pass vatvern Fig. 5
Page 41
a-posrtton sole noid valve (3) 3ch. 3ch . FR, M R or FR· based 4WD
Fig . 6
a-posltton so lenoid valve(3) Page 41
4ch. 3ch. FF
w ith mechanical vervett j Fig.7
3ch. Ff, Ff-based 4WD or FRlWtrRC)*' Page 41
3-position so leno id va lve(4) ach.
ach. FR Fig.8

PIS z-posnron so leno id valvetl l Page 42

ten. 1ch. FR or FR-based 4WD
w ith va rious cont ro l va lves Fig . 9
2-positio n solenoi d valve (main-3 and sub-2) Page 42
3ch. sen, FR
*,
w ith various co ntro l va lves
In t he case of a-wheel A SS, vehicles in w hich th e brake pip ing co nsists of diagon al split pip ing (used
Fig. 10
-
wi dely in Toyot a FF m ode ls) ge nera ll y h ave 4 channels of hy dr au lic circuit ry , w hile ve hicl es in w hich t he
b rake pip ing co ns ists of c o nventio n al pi pin g (u sed wi de ly in Toyot a FR m odels) ge n era lly have 3
channe ls o f hydraul ic circuit y. Th is va ries in some m ode ls, how ever.
*2 Ind iv idua l w heel cont ro l by t he A SS ECU:
1 ch: Cont rol of rear w hee ls on ly
3 ch: Independent co nt rol of f ront w hee ls, sim ultaneo us co ntrol of rear w heels
4 ch: 3 channel co ntrol or independent co nt ro l of all four w hee ls
*J The correspond ing A SS system diagra m is printed in t he f ig ure nu m ber o n t he page ind icat ed in th e
APPENDIX co lu m n.
*" In FR ve hic les h avin g 3 c hanne ls o f hy drau li c circui ty that u se t hree 3- p osit io n so le no id v alve s,
ins ta lla tion of TRC result s in t he num ber of 3-posit ion solenoid valves bei ng in creased to fou r. and 4
channe ls being used f or t he hydraul ic ci rcuitry. Cont ro l by t he A SS ECU rem ains using only 3 channels,
how ever.
-
4
 COMPONENTS OF ADS - Lay out o f Components

COMPONENTS OF ABS
LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS (FOR CELICA OCT., 1989)
2WD
ASS wa rn i ng ligh t Senso r rotor ADS ECU

A DS act uato r

Con tr ol relay
Rear w hee l speed sensor

Check connector

Sen sor rotor (o n drive shaft)

Front wheel speed sensor

4WD
Sensor rot or (on drive shaft)

------~7~~:::;;;:::__ Decelerat ion sen sor

OHP 03

5
 COM PONENTS OF ASS - W heel Sp eed Sen sors

WHEEL SPEED SENSORS

CONSTRUCTION OPE RATION
Th e f ro nt and rear w heel spee d sens ors co nsist of a T here are serratio ns in t he out er circ umfe renc e
perma ne nt mag net, co il an d yo ke. The inst all at ion o f each roto r, so w he n the roto r is t urn ing , an
locati o n of t he speed sens or o r senso r rotor as we ll AC vo ltage w ith a f req uency t h at is propo rt iona l
as the number of te et h of t he se nso r rot o r vary to t he roto r's rot ati on al speed is ge ne rate d.
acco rding t o t he m od els. This AC v olt age is used t o inform t h e ECU of t he
Th e il lustrat io n b elo w sh ows t h e locati o n of t he w heel s pe e d . ~
pe,,~~ne ", magn et
spee d senso r and rot or .
Coil , ~-
: . Outp ut
Sensor rotor __ - . ~_
Perm anent
mag net
~~ I_A
Coil

Yoke
+V
/
, \ \
\ I \
I

OHP 04

NOTICE - - - - - - - -- - --,
The A BS wi ll cause inferior operat io n w he n gap A
is set o ut o f t he sta n da rd va lue.

Sensor rotor

Speed sensor
OHP 04
W HEEL SPEED SEN SOR IFor Celica Oet.. 19891

6
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - Decele ration Sensor

DECELERATION SENS OR (SOME M ODELS ONLY)

Th e use of a decelerat ion senso r ena bles th e A BS
ECU t o dir ect ly measu re ve h icle d ecel era ti on
durin g b raking . t hu s allowing it t o g et bette r t he
r o ad su rf ace co nd itio n . As a r esul t, b rak i ng
2. OPERATIO N
W hen the vehic le 's rat e of decele rat io n cha nges ,
the slit pl at e sw ing s in th e ve hic le' s lo ngit ud inal

accuracy is imp roved to p revent t he w hee ls from directi on in accord ance w it h t he d eceleration

locking up. rate. Th e slits i n t he sli t plate act to cut off t he

Decele rat ion sensor is also called "G sensor" . lig ht f rom t he LEOs to t he ph otot ransi sto rs, and
thi s switche s the photot ransistors on an d off.
REFERENCE
Tw o pa i rs of LEOs and ph ototran sistors ar e
Th e ABS ECU u ses a de ce le ration se nsor t o used . Th e co m bi nat ions fo rm ed b y th ese
acc u rat e ly dete ct ve h icl e de ce le rat i o n and ph ototransi st or s switching o n and off divide t he
det ermine t he va lue of Il of th e road su rface . For rate of deceleration into four lev el s. wh ich are
ex am ple. in t he case of a 4W D vehicle. if one of
sent as sign als t o t he A BS ECU.
t he w hee ls happ en to lock up on a ro ad su rfac e
w it h an ext reme ly low va lue of p , t he loc ked
w heel w ill also ma ke t he ot her whee ls be locke d .
This is because, all t he w hee ls are con nected w ith
t he dri v e train , so th e w hee l speed int erferes
Deceleration
m utual ly w it h one ano t her . Thus, a deceler ation
Slit plate sensor
senso r is u sed o n nu me ro us mo de ls o f 4W D
ve h icl e since w heel speed no longer coi nc ides
w ith ve hic le deceleratio n un der t hese co ndit ions.

1. CONSTRUCTION
DURING DECELERATION
Th e deceleration senso r is co mpo sed of t wo
pairs of LEOs (l ight-emitting diodes) and photo-
Rate of
transisto rs, a slit plate, an d a sig nal convers ion l ow-l l ow-2
deceleration
circuit.

~ 'r&
The decel er at ion senso r se ns es the ve h ic le 's
rate of dece lerat io n and sends signals to th e
Position of .
A SS ECU . . ~

T h e ECU ju dg es t he p reci se road su rface

slit plate I
No. 1
I
No. 2
lolfl ~ (onl

photo· pho to·

co n d it io ns using the se sig na ls an d ta kes tr ansistor tra ns istor
(on) (onl
approp riate cont rol m easures.
Rate of
Medium High
LEOs decelerati on

.;,.

I Position of
slit plate
I~ ~
.» 10m H (olfl (onl~ (oH)

7
 COM PON ENTS OF A BS - Decelerati on Sen sor

REFERENCE - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----,
In so m e m od els, late ra l acce le ratio n is detect ed
to determ ine w het her or not t he veh icle is t urni ng
the co rne rs. Du ring a turn ing t h e co rne rs t he tires Slit plate
on the in sid e of t he turn ing t end s t o f loa t up fr om
t he ground d ue to cent rif uga l fo rce. Co nve rse ly,
th e outs ide ti res are st ro ng ly pu shed aga inst t he
road su rf ace. In oth er wo r ds, t h e t i re s o n t he
in side of a t u rn ing te nd t o be locked easily w h ile e;?
Front
t he out sid e t ires are resist ant t o locki ng.
Th u s, aft er det e rmin in g w h e t h e r o r n o t th e
ve hic le is turni ng , t h e hydrau lic press ure of t he Photo-
rear w hee la n t he outside of the turn ing is made transistors
t o be higher t ha n th at on t he inside of th e t urn ing
t o sho rte n b raking distan ce. PHOTO·TRA N SISTOR TYPE

Front
¢=>

Susceptible to locking r
A ph ot o-t ransist or t ype o f senso r w h ic h is the
sam e as t he said decele rat ion sensor b ut inst all ed
lat erall y an d a sem i-co nd ucto r type of sens or are Semi-conductor
sensors
u s ed f or de tect ion of la t er al ac c el er at ion . In
add iti on , t he sem i-co nductor t yp e is also used for
d etec t i o n o f dece le ra tio n si nce it en ab les t o SEM I-CON DUCTO R TY PE
m e a sur e b ot h l o ngit udi na l and l at eral
acceleration w ith a sing le un it .

8
 COMPON ENTS OF ABS - ASS Actuator

ABS ACTUATOR To each brake

cylinde r '\ ,
Th e actuat or appl ie s o r sto ps ap p lyin g h ydrau lic
press u re f ro m t h e b rak e master cylinder to eac h
'"
di sc brake cy lin de r in acco rda nce w it h the signa ls
fr o m t h e ECU , in th is w ay co ntro lli ng the w hee l
speed. From mast er
T here are v ario us ty pes of A SS actu ato rs (See pag e cylinder
4). Th e f o llowing p rovides an ex pla n atio n of th e From
fou r a-p ostrton so lenoi d va lves in th e AS S actu ator. ASS ECU

1. AB S SYSTEM DIAGRAM
lfo r Coliea ST182 Oct., 1989 1
Tho se f or the f ro nt w heels co nt ro l th e left an d rig ht
w hee ls ind ep e n d ently w h ile t h o se f o r th e rea r
w hee ls co n t rol b ot h the l e ft an d righ t w hee ls
sim u lta neous ly . The sys te m is th erefore kn own as
a th ree-cha nn el sys te m .

P.va Iver-:: -L - '

r- - -
A SS act uator
- -- - - --- - - - -- --,
I I
I "o I
I 3-positio n '0 a-postttcn 1-/1", ~f" ,~ I
soleno id E solenoid I
I valves c,
I E va lves I
I c,
a " I
I I
I I
I

ASS
I
I
..
: :
I
I
EC U I
I Reservoi r
I
I __ _ _ _ -.J
'- - -

W heel
speed
@ © @ ©
sensors Front right Rear left Rea r right Front left
w heel cylinder w heel cylinder w heel cylinder w heel cylinder

9

2. CONSTRUCTION
Th e actuator can be f unctiona ll y divided int o t he f ollowi ng t wo co mpon ents:
Com ponent
a-posttro n sol en oid v alv e
(con t ro l u ni t )
Reserv oir and pu m p
(p ressu re reducti o n unit )
9- 1
COMPONENTS OF ABS - ABS Actuator
Function
Durin g o p e rat i o n of the Anti -Loc k 3-positi on
Brake System , the ABS ECU se lects solenoid valve
f ro m am ong t h ree modes (t he "p ressure
Increase ", " h ol dl nq ", an d "p ressu re
reducti on - m od es) accord ing t o sig nals
from t he ABS ECU.
Reservo ir
A s t he p ress ure is re du ced, t he b rake
flu id returns f ro m t he w he el cyl ind ers Plun ger Pump moto r
an d is sent to the m aster cylinder by the Cam
pump an d fil ls th e act uat or reserv oi r.
The pump is a motor-d riven, p lunger
type pu mp .
OHP 06
 COMPONENTS OF ASS - A BS Ac tuato r

3. O PERATION

System operation is explain ed be low using a fron t wheel as an example.

DURING NORM AL BRAKING lABS NOT ACTIVATED)

The ABS is not activated duri ng no rmal braking When the b rake peda l is rel eased. the brake
and the A BS's ECU does not send electric ity to fl uid ret urn s f rom th e wheel cylinder to t he brak e
t he so lenoid coil. Th eref o re. t he t hree-position mas t er cyl in der th ro ug h port "C " to port " A " and
valve is pu shed down by a return spring and th e No.3 chec k valve in the three-position so lenoi d
port -A- rem ains op en while port -B - rem ai ns valv e.
closed .
When t he brake pedal is depressed . t he mast er Pa rt name Operation
cyli nde r fluid pressure ri se s. and bra ke f luid a-ccetrroo Port -A- open
passes from port - A- t o port -C- in the three- so lenoid valve Port - B- closed
position so le no id va lve . and is sent t o t he w heel Pump motor Stopped
cy linde r. Brake fl ui d is pr event ed f rom fl owing into
th e pump by t he NO. 1 check va lve located in the
pump ci rcuit .

Master cylin der

Brake pedal released

I Brake pedal depressed

o No. 1 check valve

•
NO.3 check valve "1~:2.J OA

Pump ov
Return springs ;::jW~

L ..uJ-f 1l:,...."..J
T
Solenoid
coil
ABS ECU
No.2 check valve
Port -c- Port -B" closed

Disc brake caliper

(wheel cylinder)

•• •
•
Reservoir .
T
...L.

Front w heel speed sensor 1 OHP 07

10
 COMPONENTS OF ASS - ABS A ctuator

DURING EMERGENCY BRAKING lABS ACTIVATED)

W hen any of the f our w heels is ab out to lock up
during emerg ency braking, t he A BS act uat o r
co nt ro ls t he bra ke hyd raulic pressure w hic h is
act ing o n that w heel in accordance w it h a sig nal
sent f r om the ECU. Th e w hee l is prevente d
from locking as up a resul t.
CD "P ressure Reduction" Mode
W hen a w heel is ab out t o lock up , the ECU sends
curre nt (5 A) to the sole no id co il, gene rating a
st ro ng magnetic force. The three-po sition v alve
m oves upward and port -A- closes as port "B"
At t he same time, t he pump motor is t urned o n
by a sig nal f rom t he ECU, and brake f luid is sent
back to the m ast er cy linde r from t he reserv oir.
-
Br ake f luid coming from t he ma ster cylinde r, o n
t he othe r hand, is prevent ed f rom en tering t he
t hr ee-posit ion sol enoid va lve by port "A", w hich
is cl osed , and by check v alves No . 1 and No. 3.
As a res ult, the hyd rauli c pressure in side th e
whee l cy li nde r d ecr ea ses, preve nting the w hee l
from lockin g up. Th e hydrau lic pr essure reduct ion
rate is regu lated by t he repet itio n of t he " pressure
red uct io n " and " ho lding " m od es.

ope ns.
A s a resu lt, bra ke fluid from t he wheel cy li nder
passes t hroug h po rt " C" to port " B" in t he th ree- Part name Operation
p o si t i on so le no i d va lve a n d fl ow s int o t he 3- pos it io n Port -A- clo sed
reserv oir. so le no id v alve Po rt -B- open
Pump moto r On

Port "A" closed

No. 3 check valve o No. 1 check valve

00
SA
Port -8" open
Pump 12 V

r' c::~ll)s;~j Solenoid t ASS ECU

~ coil
No. 2 check valve
Port "C" Port "8" open
LL.: ~
I
I
I
-r-
Reservoir ,
...L-

1-
OHP 08

11
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - A BS A ctuato r

® " Hold ing" M ode

As t he p ress u re in s id e t h e w hee l cy li nder is Part na me Op eration

red uced or increased. and t he speed sensor sends 3-p osition Port -A - clo sed
a sig nal in dicati ng th at t he spee d is at t he ta rget solenoid v alve Port -B- closed
level, th e ECU supplies current (2 A) to t he so lenoid Pump m otor On
coi l to hold t he pressure in t he whee l cy lin de r at
t hat level.
W hen th e cu rre nt bei ng supp lied to the solenoi d
co il i s reduced f rom 5 A (in the pre ssu re
red uct ion mo de) t o 2 A (i n ho lding mode), the
mag net ic f o rce gen erat ed i n t he so le no id co il
also decreases. The t h ree -posit ion so len o id
va lve then is made t o m ove dow n to the m iddle
posit ion by the force of the ret urn sp ring, closing
po rt -B- as a res ult.

Port "A" closed

., No. 1 check valve

No. 3 check valve 0 0
2A

Return springs - --Lt Pump 12 V

A SS ECU
., No.2 check valve
Port "C· Port "S- closed

o
o

Reservoir
o
o 1~

1
OHP 09

12
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - AB S Act uat or

® "P ressure Increase" Mode

W hen t he pr essur e in t he w heel cy linde r needs t o Part name Operation

be increased t o app ly m o re braking fo rce, t he ECU 3-posit ion Port -A " open
st ops send ing cur re nt t o t he so le no id co i l. Th is so len oid va lve Port "S- closed
o pe ns po rt" A" of t he t hr ee- posit io n va lve and Pum p motor On
closes port " 8". This all ow s th e fl uid in t he m aste r
cy linde r to pass fr om po rt " C" in th e t hree-pos iti on
so lenoi d valve t o th e wh eel cy li nder. The hyd ra uli c
p r essu re in cr ease r at e i s co n t ro lled b y t he
repeti t ion of th e " pressure incr ease" and " hold ing"
m odes.

IF - 1111 1
'=
Port -N open
r-r-r r-r- I1--, / o No. 1 check valve
No. 3 che ck valve - H oo /
OA
o ~n-
,, - ---I f--------=..:~
~ ~ pump 12 V

+ r'-l ·Mtt V
ABS ECU
<, o No.2 ch eck valve
Port -B" clos ed

-
\ o
o

Reservoir
o
o

,
.-L-

l 1
~
OHP 10

13
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - ASS Actuator

RE FERENCE
A lt ho ug h the said 3-position solenoid va lve type
was co m m on ly used in t he past, th e 2-pos ition
so le n o i d valve t y pe is used m ost commo nly
recently. Ne xt shows an ASS actuato r that uses
eig ht z-postrtoo soleno id valves (consisting of fo ur
pre ssu re ho ld i ng va lv es and f ou r pre ssur e
red uction valves). Th e basic operation of th e A BS
actuator rem ain s t he sam e but on ly t he solenoid
va lve s differ .

ASS SYSTEM DIAGRAM Itar Celica ST202 Oct.• 19931

Ma ster cyli nder

Pressure
holding
valve
ABS actuato r
-- 11
Po rt @ Check
valve

.I
Port (C)

Port '1»
I Speed

Pressure
I
,
sensors

redu cti on
valve
.J ASS
ECU

Front left Rear right Rear left Fro nt right

w heel cy linder wheel cylin der whee l cylinder w heel cylinder

• Some models only

CONomON OF EACH VALVE PORT AND PUMP MOTOR

PRE SSURE PRESSURE PUM P

OPERATION MODE
HOLDING VALVE REDUCTION VALVE MOTOR

DURING NORMAL BRAKING (ABS not activated) Port @Open Port @Closed Stop (OFF)

DURING EMERGENCY PRESSURE REDUCTION

BRAKING (ABS activ ated) MODE Port ® Closed Port @Open ON

HOLDING MO DE Port @CIOSed Port @Closed ON

PRESSURE INCREASE
MODE po rt @Open Port @Closed ON

14
 COMPON ENTS OF ABS - A SS Ac t u ato r

REFER ENCE - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --.,

TYPE USING POWER STEERING PRESSURE (Truck, 4 Run ner)
In t h is typ e of A SS, t he hyd rau lic p ressu re f rom th e steerin g sys te m is u sed to co ntro l th e b rake pressu re,
and brake p ressure is cont ro lle d f or t he rear w hee ls on ly . Th ese are tw o o f t he main feat u res of th is
sys te m .
A lso , on ly one speed sens or, m ou nt ed on t op of t he rin g g ear on t he different ia l case , is used . For t his
reason , a "G" senso r is also used to m ake it po ss ible fo r the ECU t o ju dge t he d ecel er at ion rate more
acc ura tely w he n t he tw o rear w hee ls lock up.

Igniti on switch

JSolenoid ( ~Warn ing lig ht

C , ~
: Lay
I ABS
ECU ~ <,
I
Jtl Rear w heal
f
de,
cyli n
AM' I
kYJ
_ XOOrlng
l SP & BV
~ .G . sensor
A LT p."",IIo _ _ , (decelerat ion ===1
sensor) .~
,~I Act uator
Speed sensor
MAIN Power steeri ng gear

l L-J~)
T
,
Ma"Et"nde,
~

J
SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Pow er steer ing
reservoir
Master cylinder

Power
steering
gear
To front
brake
Power steering ,r-
pum p

,,,
,,
'-=1= ,'
,
,y, . By pass
valve
LTCJ ,'
,-1---, : i'
,
,,,
I
'----.J,
,,
,,L = _ I

__ _
,I
~
Rear brake
wheel cyli nder
Cut -off valve
HYDRAULIC CIRCU ITRY

14-1
 COMPO NENTS OF ABS - ABS ECU

ABS ECU (FOR CElICA OCT., 1989)

Based o n signals from t he w heel speed sensors,
t h e A BS ECU senses the rot at ion al spee d of t h e
wheels as w ell as th e veh icle speed .
brak in g , altho ug h t he rot at io n al sp eed o f th e
whee ls d rop s, t he amo unt of dece le rat ion w ill
va ry depending on both th e ve hicle speed d uring
b rak ing an d t he ro ad surface co nd it ions , su ch as
d ry aspha lt, wet or icy s urface, etc.
In ot her w ords. th e ECU judge s the amount of
sli ppi ng be t wee n t he w hee ls an d th e ro ad
Durin g s u rface fr om t he ch a nge in t he w he e l's
rotat ional speed duri ng bra king , and control s the
ASS actuator to delive r t he optimum hyd raulic
p ressu re to t he w hee l cyl inders so as to optim all y
co ntrol the speed of th e wheels.
T he ASS ECU also in cl ud es an i n it ial check
f uncti on, diagn ostic f un ct ion, speed senso r check
fu nc tion and f ail-saf e fu nctio n.

1. ABS WIRING DIAGRAM

Srake w~g li ght

B': ; : flo" ,, ", ,

w armng sWitch
[U [B,'''''0' b,,"
switch
DOME fuse STO P fus e

ABS
,

~~ ~,o, ",M
-,
ECU
Ig nit ion switch A s~rn in 9 light
GAUGE f use

ECU IG fu se I Q Servic e con necto r

W
K3
' KB
BAT
ST'
- s.....itch

--
MR _ - RF sp eed
FLAM ' FR.
A SS con trol re lay ASS act uato r sensor
FR - U ght
FL ASS Motor relay r-- - ' MT FL. i= LF spetl d
f ail ure

~ Pump >-
FL~ sens or r- sensor
~ m oto r
~- - ~ ASS ECU i=
FL ALT A ST RR+ >- RR spe ed Stop
~
-t ,
~ :ibrake
RF SOL· AR- f---- senso r ( OM
; SFA i=
RL. f---- LR speed ng ht)
LF SOL"
- "I
~~""O<
SFL RL-
So le noid RR SOL *
relay SRR TC TC Check
FL M AIN TS co nnect or
LR SOLo TS
SRL
GS>
;::::= Decelera ti on
T, SR
GS2 f----
senso r 14W D)
.i,
GST f----
i ,
R-GN D GND

IT
, ~

"SOL: Solenoid

OHP 12

15
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - AB5 ECU

2 . WHEEL SPEED CONTROL

Th e ECU continuo us ly receives w hee l speed
sig n als fro m t he fo ur speed sensors, and
est imate s the ve hicle speed by calcu lating t he
speed and deceleration of each w heel.
Whe n t he b r ake peda l is dep ressed . the
hydraulic pre ssu re in each wheel cylinder begins
to inc rease and the wheel speed beg ins t o
decrease .
If any of the w he e ls seems about to loc k up. the
ECU de creases t he hyd rau l ic pressure in t he
wheel cy linder of t hat w heel.
Vehicle speed
c o
AlB
After t he pres su re drops. the ECU switches the
t h ree -posit io n valve t o t he - hold ing - m ode t o
monitor t he change in w heel speed.
If t he ECU judges t hat the hydra u lic p ress ure
needs to be reduced further. it wi ll reduce t he
p ressu re again .
SECTION B
When th e hydra ul ic pressure insi d e the wh eel
cy li n de r d ecrea se s (sectio n A ), th e h yd rau li c
press ure app lied to t he wheel falls.
This allows the w heel that was on the verge of
loc ki n g up to speed u p . How ev er . if th e
~
hyd rauli c p re ssure is held dow n. the b ra king

Speed
Wheel
s peed
/
I'-
-=-
/
~
- -
V -
f orce acting on t he wheel w ill bec ome too low.
To prevent th is, t he ECU sets t he th ree-position
soleno id va lve to t he "pressure in crea se- mode
and ·h ol d i ng- mode alte rn at ely as t he wheel
+ w hich was on t he verge of locking up reco ve rs
W heel
accelerati on
rate
0 '\ I< speed .
<, <, I
-
If SECTION C

As t he hydraul ic p ress u re is g rad ually in creased

iii Reduction ------- - -- ------ -- -
a Holding -- - - - T ~

-nnn ,- in th e w hee l cy linder by th e ECU (section B). t he

US Increase
I II II , I I
w hee l te nds to lock up ag ain.
"I J'I I
I I 1 II II :11 1
I I " II III 1
II
'1'I
II Th erefore, the ECU ag ain switches t he t hree-
Whee l

~
p o sit ion so le no id v alve to the " p ress u re
cy linder
r edu ction" m ode to redu ce t he h y drau li c
hyd ra ulic
pressu re pressure inside t he w heel cy linde r.
TIme (sec.)
SECTION 0
OHP 13 Sin ce the hyd rau lic pressure in t he wheel cy linder
is de creased aga in (sect ion C). the ECU starts t o
SECTION A
incr ease th e pressure aga in as in sectio n B.
The ECU set s t he th ree-po sition v alve t o the
NOTE
p ressure red uct io n m ode acco rd ing to the
A lt hough th e si g nal t o th e so le no id va lve is
decelerat ion rate of the w heels . t hus reduci ng
di ffe rent in ot her m odel s. w heel spe ed cont ro l is
the hyd raul ic pr essure in th e w heel cylinder.
essent ially t he same as thi s.

16
 COMPONENTS OF ADS - ADS ECU

3 . CONTROL OF RElAYS 4. INITIAL CHECK FUNCTION

Th e A SS ECU operates the soleno id va lves and th e

ASS co nt rol
re lay
0- ABS actuator
p um p moto rs i n seq uence in o rd er t o check t he
elect rica l syste m of t he AS S. Thi s functi on ope rates
,._Moto r
l re!.ay
,,
, Pump
motor
w hen t he vehi cl e is t rave ling at speeds greate r than
6 km /h (4 mph) w it h t he stop lig ht ( b rake l ig h t )
,, ,,
, _____ _ 1I -~ swi tc h o ff . It op era tes o nce o n ly ea ch t ime th e
" ignit ion swi tc h is t urned on.
,,
,,
c So lenoid
relay
~
ABS

.r ,, , RF SOL
ECU 1.6 sec
I
,,
I
LF SOL •
0.45 sec
I,, -,,
. ; 0.05 sec
-- -- - R SOL
--r-
, LR SOL
..L
RF LF RR LR

1 .L
a-position solenoid valves
Pump mot or

NOTE
In it ial checks cons ist of th o se th at are perfo rmed
SOLEN OID RELAY CONTROL
aft er t h e ve hic le starts runnin g as d e scri b ed
The ECU t urn s th e solen o id rel ay on when all of above . o r th o se t ha t are p erf orm e d seve ra l
the followin g co nd itio ns are m et : seconds after th e igniti on sw itc h ha s been turned
• Ignit ion switch on . on.
• Th e i n iti al -c heck f unction, wh ic h is run
imm ediately af te r th e ign ition sw itc h is
turned on , is com pleted . 5. DIAGN OSTIC FUNCTION
• No t rou ble is foun d duri ng the di agn osis
If a m alfu n ctio n occurs in any o f th e signa l
(except code 37).
syste ms, t he A SS w arni ng li ght in the
The ECU turn s th e soleno id relay off if any of
co m bi na t io n mete r w ill li g ht u p an d alert t h e
the a bove conditio ns are no t met.
d riv er t h at a m alfunction ha s occurred . Th e A SS
ECU w il l a lso sto r e t he co des for a ny
PUMP MOTOR RELAY CON TROL
m alfun ct ion .
Th e ECU turn s th e motor re lay on w he n th e
follow ing co nditio ns are met:
• Th e A SS is operating or t he initial chec k is
be ing carried o ut.
• The solenoid relay is on.
The ECU tu rn s the motor re lay off when an y of
the ab o ve cond it io ns are no t met.

OHP 14

17
 COMPONENTS OF ABS - ABS ECU

NOTE Th es e f un ct i on s are d esign ed to b e u sed

Diagn o sti c co des ar e clea red aft er co nnect ing t he excl usi vely b y t ech ni cian s. w it h c ond it ions o f
te rmi n al TC and E1 of c h ec k connecto r an d ope rat io n set by special p ro ce dures to diagnose
d e pre s si n g th e brak e p ed a l 8 o r m o r e tim e s the pe rfo rma nce characte rist ics of each sensor.
w it h in 3 secon ds, o r 8 or more t im es w it h in 5
seco nds . 7 . FAI L-SAFE FUNCTION
RE FE RENCE:
If a m alf un ctio n in th e sig na l syste m to t he ECU
In ge nera l, all diag nost ic co des in th e ECU w ill be
occu rs, elec t r ica l curre n t to the actuato r fr om
erased w hen th e battery cab le is disco nn ected. In
the ECU is t urned of f . A s a result, the b rake
so me recent mod els, howeve r, diagnostic codes
system o pe rates as if th e A nt i- lock Br ake
w ill no t be c leared un less t he above p ro ced u re is
Syste m we re n o t o pe rat i ng, t hereby ass u ri ng
pe rfo rmed.
no rmal b raking f un cti ons.

6 . SENSOR CHECK FUNCTION REFERENCE - - - - - - - - - - --,

Besides it s diagn o stic f u nctio ns , th e A BS ECU als o In so m e r ec e n t m o d e l s. th e spee d sig n al i s

incl u d es a spee d se nso r ch e ck functi o n, w h ich ou t p ut t o a c o m b inat ion mete r f ro m the AS S

di agn o ses the pe rfo rma nce ch arac teris t ics o f th e ECU.
spee d se nso rs and ro t o rs. So me mo d els als o
in clud e s a d e ce l erati on se ns o r check f u nct io n
w hich di agnoses th e deceleratio n sensor.

SPEEO SENSOR CHECK FUNCTION

• Checks the output v o ltage of all sen sors

• Ch ecks the o utput vol ta ge fl uctuations of all
sens o rs

DECELERATION SENSOR CHECK FUNCTION

IPhoto·transistor t ype Decelerat io n Senso r Oh ly)

• Ch ecks t h e output vo lt age of the dece leration

sen sor
• Check s t h e ope rat io n of the slit p late

NOTE
This fu ncti on is not ava ilab le in ph ot o-tr ansistor
t yp e sens ors th at det ect lat er al acceleration . In
add it io n. in sem i-cond uctor types ha ve a f unc t ion
only t o check st ill co ndit ion.

18
 TROUBLESHOOTING - General

TROUBLESHOOTING
GENERAL
Before t ro ubl eshoot in g the A SS, it is f ir st BRAKE PEDAL VIBRATES (WHEN ABS IS
neces s a ry t o determ ine if t he troub le is in the NOT OPERATING):
AS S or in the b rake sys te m. Basicall y, since t he • Check for brake d isc rot or pla y .
ASS is equipped w it h a fa il-safe fu ncti on, if • Check for ax le hub play .
t roub le o ccu r s in th e ASS . t he ASS ECU
im m edi at ely hal t s opera tion of t he A SS and OTHER
switc hes to the norma l brak e syste m.
• Check t h e w heel alignment.
Sin ce a diagnostic function is includ ed in the
• Check for problems in th e su sp ension.
ASS, th e -ASS · wa rni ng lig ht lig hts to info rm
• Check fo r uneven t ire w ear.
the driver when trou ble oc curs. Th e serv ice
• Chec k fo r loosen ess in th e steer in g linkage.
co nnecto r sho u ld b e use d to de te r m i ne t he
Perfo rm th e ab ove chec ks fir st . O nly af te r
t rouble's o rig in.
confi rm ing that the t rou ble is not elsewhe re ,
If the tro ub le turn s o u t to be in the brake
check the A SS.
system . a nd t he "ASS · wa rn ing ligh t is not lit.
t h e fo ll owing chec ks sh ou ld be carried out: NOTE
Phenom ena Uni qu e t o A SS Vehicles
BRAKING FORCE IS IN SUFFICIENT: Alth ough n e it h e r is an i n d ic at io n o f tr o u bl e,
ve hic les equ i p pe d w it h A SS m ay e xh ib it t he
• Chec k f o r brake fluid leaking fr om t he brake
fo ll owing uniqu e pheno me na:
li n e o r air leaki ng in .
• Dur ing t h e initial check, an op er at in g n oise
• Check f or too much brake pedal fr ee play .
may b e emitt ed b y the ac tuator. Thi s i s
• Check the thickness of the brake pa ds and
n ormal .
shoe lining s f or adhesion of oil , grease, etc .
• Vi b r at ion s a nd opera ting n o i se fr o m t h e
• Check f or a fau lty brake bo ost er.
ve hicle's bo dy and brake pedal are ge nerated
• Check for a fault y ma ste r cylinder.
du ring ASS operat ion, how ever, th is indi cate s
t he norm al operation of t he ASS .
ONLV ONE BRAKE WORKS, OR BRAKES
DRAG:

• Check for uneven wea ring of brake pad s and

sho e lini ngs or f or une ven contact.
• Check for a f aul ty ma st er cy linder.
• Check for a fau lt y w h eel cy linder.
• Ch eck f o r poor adj ust m ent or fa ulty return of
the parkin g brake.
• Ch eck f or a fa ulty proportioning valve.

19
 TROUBLESHOOTING - Trou bl esh oot in g

TROUBLESHOOTING
Di ag no stic codes* l
Problem Likely cause
(sensor check
Component part Type of trouble function codel

Warning light and Short ci rcuit -

circuitry
So lenoid relay Open or short circuit 11, 12
Pum p motor re lay Open or short ci rcu it 13, 14
Actuator solenoid Open or short ci rcu it 2 1, 22, 23, 24
uABS· warning li ght lig hts up fo r Speed sensor and Faulty operat ion 3 1, 32 , 33, 34, 35,
no reason. roto r 36,37
Battery and power Faulty battery, open 41
circuitry or short ci rc uit
Dece le rat ion sensor Fault y operat io n 43*1,44 * 2
Actuato r pump Fault y operation 51
ECU Faulty operation -
ABS warn ing lig ht does not light Warni ng li ght and Open or sho rt circu it -
up fo r 3 seco nds after t he circuitry
ignition switch is t urned on .
So lenoid re lay and Faul ty operation -
ECU
Brake operatio n: In st allati on fa ulty 171, 72, 73, 741
• Br akes pull t o one side
Speed sensor and
• Braking in effici en t roto r Dirty 171,72,73,741
• ABS operates during norma l Tooth missing on 175, 76, 77, 78)
braki ng rot o r
• ABS ope rates ju st before Decel erati on sensor Faulty o pe ratio n -
stopping duri ng no rm al brakin g
• Brake pedal pu lsates A BS actuator Fault y operatio n -
abnormally w hile ABS is ECU Faulty operatio n -
ope rati ng
Difficult to get A BS to operate Stop light switc h Ope n or short circuit -
Parking brake switch Ope n or short ci rcuit -
*1 Applicab le m odel fo r Celi ca (Oct.. 1989 )
* 2 4WD models on ly

20
 INSPECTION - Di ag no st ic System

INSPECTION
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

OBJECTIVE : To gain an understanding of the diagnostic system and master the read ing of
diagnostic codes.
PREPARATION : - SST 09843·18020 Diagnostic check wire
- vcft- an d o hmmete r (circuit teste r or multimeter! (use vo lt- an d ohm me te r
w ith high imped ance (10 kQ N mi nimum))
APPLICABLE MODEL: CelicalST1B21 oe.. 1989

Initial Check Function

CHECK ACTUATOR OPERATION NOISE
(a) St art th e eng ine and drive at a spee d over 6 km /h
(4 mph).
(b) Check whethe r actuato r ope rat ion noise is heard.
NOTE: The A BS ECU ca rries out an initial check o nce each
time the engine is started and t he initial speed exceeds 6
kmlh (4 mph). It also checks fu nctions of the th ree-
position so lenoid and pump moto r i n the actuator.
How ever, if the brake peda l is depressed, t he initial check
is not carried out, but is started after the pedal has been
released.
If no o perat io n no ise is generated. be sure t he act uator is
co nnected. If t he re is no pro ble m, che ck t he act uator
it self. (See pag e 30 .)
Service connector

Diagnostic Function
READ DIAGNOSTIC CODES

1. CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE

Check th at th e battery voltage is about 12 V.
2 . CHECK THAT WARNING LIGHT TURNS ON
(a) Turn the ig nition switch on .
(b) Check t hat t he -A BS- w arni ng light lights up f or 3
NOTE - - - - -- - --, seco nds. If it does not, inspect and re pai r or replace
the GAUG E f use, warning light bulb o r wire harness.

Short pin 3. READ DIAGNOSTIC CODE(S)

ur la) Turn th e ignitio n switch on.
lb) Disconnect th e service co nnector.

Check Since th ere is no service con necto r provided in recent models,

connector t he sho rt p in of th e check co nnecto r is p u lled o u t w hen
reading diagnostic co des.

21
 INSPECTION - Diagnost ic System

(c) Usi ng t he SST. co n nect t er m inals TC and E1 of t he

check co nnect or.
SST 0984 3· ' 8020

(d) If t he syste m is oper at i ng norm ally (no m alfun ct ion s).

No rm al code t he wa rn ing light wi ll b link once every 0.5 seco nd .
0.5 sec (e) In t he eve nt of a m alfu ncti on , after 4 seconds t he

-j
w arn ing li g ht w ill begi n t o bli nk. Co unt t he num ber of
t im es it bl inks. (See -DIAG NOST IC CODES· o n page
23.l
NOTE: T he f irst g roup of blinks w ill eq ua l th e f irst d ig it of
OFF t he (two-dig iti diag no st ic co de . After a 1.5-seco nd pause,
t he b link ing w i ll resum e. Th e num ber of b li nks t he 2nd
t ime w ill eq ual the 2nd nu m ber of t he co de . If th er e are
two o r m o re codes, th ere w ill be a z .g-secon d pa us e
between each , and o utput of codes will beg in again aft er
Diagnostic codes No. 11 and 23 a 4.0-seco nd pause. Th e co des w il l be display ed i n
A t st digit asc end ing o rde r f rom t he sma lle r value t o t he la rge r
1.5 sec B: 2nd d igit va l ue .
0.5 sec 2.5 sec 1.5 sec 4.0 sec (f) Rep air th e syste m .
-H LrL J I (g) After the m alfuncti o ni ng co m po nent s h av e been
JU 1,--------,1 UU UUl _ruL
,, repaired . cl ear t he diag nost ic codes sto red in t he ECU .
1 1 2 3 (See page 24.)
LJ L---.J LJ NOTE: If yo u d isconnect th e battery ca ble d uring repairs,
all diag nost ic codes in t he ECU w ill be cleared.
' - -- - - - - - - - - OH? 14 ( In so me r ece n t m o de l s, t he d i ag no st ic co d es are n ot
cleared eve n if the batt ery cable is disconnected.)

(h) Rem ov e th e SST from t erm inal s 't C and E1 of t he

check con nect o r.
SST 09843-18020
(i) Connect t he service connect o r.
(j) Tu rn t he ig nit ion sw itc h o n, and check t hat t he ·ASS·
w arning li g ht goes off afte r li g hting for 3 seco nds.

22
 ) ) )

DIAGNOSTIC CODES
Co de Blinking pattern Dia gnosis Trouble are a
11 On IL.JL Open circuit in solenoid relay circuit • Internet circuitry of actuator
Off • Control relay

12 .fLJlJL Sno rt circuit in so leno id reillY ci rcuit • W ire harness lind co nnector of solenoid relay
circuit

JLlUUl_ Open circu it in pum p mot o r relay circu it • Intern al c ircu itry of actu ato r
" •
•
Control re lay
Wire ha rn ess and co nnecto r of pu mp m oto r
" JLJU1JlJ1- Short c irc uit in pump motor relay circuit
relay circuit

21 JULSL Ope n o r sho rt c ircu it in 3-position so len oi d of right front wheel

22 .Il..lLJUL Open or sno rt ci rcuit in 3-positi on so lenoid of left front w heel

• Actuato r s oleooid

23 nn.ruut Ope n or short circuit in 3-pe siti on so lenoid of ri g ht rear wheel

• Wire harness li nd connector of act uator
so leno id circu it ~-e
" .fULJ1JUlfl Ope n or short circuit in 3·po sition solenoid of left rear whee l
~
o
31 JUlfLJl Righ t front whe el speed sensor ma lfunction z
I
32 JU1..fUlJl l e ft fron t wheel s peed se nso r ma lfunct ion
9-
~
<Q
33 .f1.f1JLJlJUl Right rea r wheel sp e ed se nso r ma lfunc tion • Whee l s peed se nsor ~
• Whee l speed senso r rot or o
34 .fU1.flJLJ1.JUl l e ft re er w hee l speed senso r malfunction • Wire ha rness an d connect or of wheel s peed ~
o
.
se nsor (J)
35
~ Open circuit in left front or right rear wheel speed sensor -c

3.

37
J1.JULJlJl.JU1J
lnnri J1Jl..nJl..Il..
Ope n circu it in right front or left rea r wheel speed sensor

Malfunctioning of both speed s e ns or ro tors • Wheel s peed sensor rotors

*
3

., JlJl..fl.fLJl Abnomal battery volta ge (less than 9.5 V or more then 16.2 V) •
•
Bettery
Voltage reg ulator
Pump mot or of actua tor locked up or o pe n circu it in pu mp mo to r • Pum p motor. re lay and battery
51 .f1.fU1.J1JLJl circuit of act uato r • Wire harness . co nnector an d g ro und bolt o r
act uato r pump motor circui t
Alwa ys o n J Malfu ncti on in ABS ECU • ' CU

'"
w
 INSPECTION - Diagnost ic Syste m

CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC CODES

(a) Tu rn the ig nition switc h o n.
(b) Using the SST . connect t erm ina ls T C an d E1 of the
che ck connector.
SST 09843-18020

(c) Clear t he d iag no st ic c odes sto re d i n t he ECU by

B or more times with in 3 sec depressin g th e brake p eda l 8 o r m ore tim es w it hin 3
o
o seconds.
NOTE: In so me recent m od el s. di agnostic codes are cl eared
by de press ing t he b ra ke pe da l 8 o r m ore ti m es w ith in 5
seco nds .

(d) Check th at the wa rni ng lig ht shows th e n or m al co de .

Normal co de

On nnnnnnnn
off JI~ U U U U U U l
0.5 sec

(e) Rem ov e the SST fr om t ermin al s TC and E1 of t he

check con necto r.
SST 098 43-18 020

(f) Check that the wa rn ing li ght goes o ff.

D
24
 INSPECTION - Diagnostic System

Sensor Check Function

PRECAUTION

While the sensor check fu nct ion is being checked. the ADS
will not work and the brake system will act as an ordinary
brake system .

REFERENCE
The pr oced ure fo r act ivating the sensor check fun ct ion
d iffers bet w een mo de ls. Refer to t he re leva n t Repa ir
Manua l fo r the proper activat ion proced ure .

SPEED SENSOR CHECK FUNCTION

1. INSPECT BATTERY VOLTAGE
Check t hat the batte ry vo ltage is about 12 V.

2. CHECK WARNING LIGHT

(a) T urn t he ig nition switch on .
ASS warni ng light
(b) Check that t he -A SS- wa rning li g ht lig hts fo r 3
seconds. If it does not, in sp ect and repair o r replace
t he fuse. bu lb or w ire harn ess.
(cl Check t hat the -A SS· warning li ght turns off .
(d) Turn t he ignition switch off.
(e) Usin g t he SST. co nnect te rm ina l El w ith te rm ina ls TC
and TS of t he check co nnector.
SST 09843 -18020
(f) Set the parking brake and start t he engi ne.
NOTE: Do not depress the brake peda l.
(g) Check that the warning lig ht blinks about fo ur times
per second . (See illustration.)

3 . CHECK SENSOR SIGNAL LEVEL

1 sec
Drive t he ve hicle straight ahead at 4 to 6 km/h (2.5 to 3.7
On m ph ). and check whether the w arn ing light t urns o n afte r
a 'l-second pause .
If the warn ing li ght turns o n without b link ing when t he
Off
ve hicle speed is not w ithin t he specif ied speed ra nge
above, stop t he vehicle and read the dia g nostic co de. then
repa ir the malfunctioning pa rts .
(See step 6 on t he next page .)
NOTE: If t he warni ng lig ht tu rns on while th e veh icle
4 - 6 kml ~ ----r-,~ speed is 4 t o 6 km/h (2. 5 to 3 ,7 m ph ), t he check is
125~ _r~ co m plete. W he n the ve hicle spee d exceeds 6 km/h (3.7
m ph ). the warning li ght wi ll b lin k aga in. In th is co nditi on,
th e speed sensors are OK.
Check comp leted NOTE : While the warning light is off. do not permit any
Light
On
I shocks to occur to the vehicle such as acceleration,
deceleration. braking, shifting of gears, steering or
shocks from bumps in the road.
Off
I·1 sec
25
 INSPECTION - Diagn ostic System

45 - 55 km/h 4. CHECK SENSOR SIGNAL CHANGE AT r ow SPEEDS

'2B~f~
Dr ive t he vehicle straig ht at 45 to 55 km/h (28.0 to 3 4.2
mph), an d che ck w het her the w arn ing lig ht t u rns on afte r
a t -seco nd pa use.
r Check completed If t he warn ing lig ht t urns o n without blinking w h en the
Light veh icle speed is not w it h in the specif ied speed range,
On stop t he veh icl e an d re ad th e diagnost ic co d e. T hen
repair the malfu nction ing parts. (See ste p 6 o n t h is page.l
Off NO TE: If the wa rning lig ht tu rns on wh ile the veh icl e
1---1
1 sec spe ed is w it hi n t he speed ra nge sp ec if ied above. t he
che ck is complete . W he n the veh icle sp eed is n ot w it h in
th e specified sp eed range, the w arning l ig ht w il l b lin k
aga in. In t h is condition, t he sensor roto rs are OK .
NOTE: While the warning light is off, do not permit an y
shocks t o occur to the vehicle such as acceleration,
deceleration. braking, sh iftind gears, steering or sh ock s
from bumps in the road.

5. INSPECT SENSoR SIGNAL CHANGE AT HIGH SPEEDS

12WDI
Inspect in a sim il ar w ay at abo ut 110 to 130 km/h (68 .4 -
80.8 m ph )
14WDI
Inspect in a simi la r at abo ut 80 to 90 km/h (49 .7 - 55.9
mph)

Normal code 6. READ DIAGNoSTIC CODE

Stop the veh icl e. The wa rn ing lig ht w i ll begin to b link.

Light Count the n um b er of b links.

o n~ {See DIAG NOSTIC CODES on p age 27.l
Off 1---1 . . NOTE: Sin ce term inals TC and El are connected in t he case
About 1 sec of t he sensor check function. diagnostic codes are clea red
by depressing the brake p edal 8 or more times within 3
seconds when the vehicle is at a stop.
Troub le cod e
(I n case of code 72)

Light
On
Off ~!!.L-JJ,!J-_-.J
O.5 ,~ 7 --W 2 1, .1
0.5 sec 1.5 sec 2.5 or 4.0 sec

26
 INSPECTION - Diagnositic System

DIAGNOSTIC CODES

Code Blinking pattern Diagnosis Trouble area

On All speed sensors and sensor

Off JIJlJl/I1lIIIIJ rot ors are norm al

71 nnnnnnn.n.. Voltage of righ t front speed • Right front speed sensor

sensor sig nal is low • Sen sor installatio n

72 JlJlJUUUUUUL
Volt age of left front speed • l eft f ront speed senso r
sensor signal is low • Sensor install ation

73 JUU1JU1JlJLJlJ1
Voltage of right rear speed • Right rear speed sensor
sensor sign al is low • Senso r insta llati on

74 JU1J1JlJUULIIJU
Vo ltage of left rear speed sensor • Left rear speed sensor
signa l is low • Sensor installati on
Abnormal change in rig ht f ront
75 JUUUlJUlILJlJU\ speed senso r signal • Right front senso r roto r

- 76 JUlJUU1J1JUUlJU
Ab norm al change in left f ront
speed sensor signa l • Left fr ont senso r rot or

Ab norm al change in righ t rear

77 speed sensor signa l • Right rear senso r rotor

Ab normal change in left rear

78 JI .fLJ1JlJUU1J1J1 speed sensor signal • Left rear sensor rotor

7 . REPAIR MALFUNCTIONING PARTS

Repair or repl ace th e malfuncti oni ng parts .
8 . RETURN SYSTEM TO NORMAL
(a) Turn off th e ignition sw itc h
(b) Remove the SST from term inal s E1, TC and TS of the
check conn ector.

-
27
 INSPECTION - ASS Actuator

ABS ACTUATOR
OBJ ECTIVES: • To maste r the disassembly and assembly procedure fo r t he ASS actuato r.
• To master ASS actuator checking techn iques.
PREPARATION: • SST 09751·36011 Brake tube un ion nut wre nch (10 x 12 mm)
09990-00 150 ABS actuator checker
09990-00 163 ABS actuator checke r sheet A
09990 -00200 ABS actuator checker sub-ha rness
APPLICABLE MODEL: Celica (ST182) ASS actuato r oer, 1989

INSPECTION
ABS actuator
1. CHECK BATIERY VO LTAGE
Battery vo ltage: About 12 V
2. REMOVE ACTUATOR COVER
3. DISCONNECT CONNECTORS
Dis co nnect the fo ur co nnectors from the actuator and
co ntrol re lay.
4. CONNECT ACTUATOR CHECKER (SSn TO ACTUATOR
(a) Connect t he actuator checke r (SST) to the actuator
co nt rol re lay an d body side wi re harness through the
sub-wire harness (SST) as shown.
Sub-wire harness (SSn
SST 09990·00150 and 09990 ·00200
tlla~ Ji, (bl Connect the re d cable of the checker to the battery
U li!1)J;I 1ASS r$
Control '-I actuato r
i positive terminal and the black ca ble to the negative
term inal . Con nect the black ca b le of the sub-wire -
relay To body l..O harne s s to t he batt e ry negat ive te rmi na l or bo dy
gro und .
To body O=~~
Sub-wire harness (SSn (c) Place s heet A (SS T) on the actuato r checke r.
SST 09990·00 163
5. INSPECT BRAKE ACTU ATOR OPERATION
(a) Start th e eng ine and run it at idle s pe ed.
(b) Tur n the se lecto r switch of th e act ua tor checker to th e
"FRONT RW positio n.
(cl Pus h a nd ho ld in the MOTOR sw itch for a few
seco nds.
o Id) Dep ress t he brake peda l and ho ld it unt il ste p (g) is
completed.
Ie) Push the POWER sw itch. and check that the brake
pedal does not go down.
NOTICE: Do not kee p t he POWER s w it ch pushed in for
m ore than 10 seconds.
.&
..----
_--- _., (f) Release the POWER switch and check t hat the peda l

m -,
TOYO' A

goe s down .
~~@

I O -~~ --
~
.:::.--
@!-~-

30
INSPECTION - ASS Actuator

(9) Push an d ho l d i n t he MO TOR switch for a f ew

seconds. then ch eck that the peda l returns.
(h) Release the brake peda l.

Ii) Push and ho ld in t he MOTOR switch f or a f ew

seco nds .
(j) Depress the brake pedal and hold it f or abo ut 15
seco nds. As you h ol d th e peda l dow n, pu sh the
MO TOR switch for a f ew seco nd s. Check t hat th e
brake ped al does not pulsate.

6. INSPECT OTHER WHEELS

la) Turn the selector swit ch to the -FRONT LW po siti on.
Ib) Repeat tel to (j) of ste p 5, checki ng the op eration of
th e actuator.
Ic) Insp ect the rear w hee ls w it h th e select io n switch in
th e -REAR RW an d -REAR LW posit ion , f ollow in g the
same procedu re.

7. PUSH MOTOR SW ITCH

Push and ho ld in the MOTOR sw itch f o r a few seconds.
8 . DISCONNECT ACTUATOR CHECKER ISST) FROM
ACTUATOR
la) Remove sheet A (SST) and disco nnect the actuator
checker (SST) and sub-wi re harness (SST) from the
act uator, co ntrol relay and body side wire harness.
SST 09990-00 150. 09990-00200 and 09990-00163
9 . CONNECT ACTUATOR CONNECTORS
Connect the fo ur connect ors to the act uator and co nt ro l
rel ay .
10. INSTALL CONNECTORS
Install the connectors on th e actuator bracket.
11. INSTALL ACTUATO R COVER
12. CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC CODES
(See page 24)

31
 INSPECTION - W he el Speed Senso rs

WHEEL SPEED SENSORS

OBJE CTIVE: T o mast er th e procedure for c hec king th e electro nic co nt ro l sys te m .
PREPA RATION : • Volt- and o hmmeter (circuit tes t er o r mu lti m eter)
[ Use a v o lt - an d ohmmeter w ith a h igh impedance (10 kQN minimum )]
• Osci llosc ope (if ava ila b le )
A PPLICABLE MODEL: Celica (ST182) Oct .• 1989

Front wheel speed sensors

7.8 180.69)

Front w heel speed sensor

INom IKgfocm. ft-Ibf~ Specif ied t orque

Front wheel speed sensors INSPECTION

1. INSPECT WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
Left fro nt Right front
speed sensor speed sensor (a) Di sc on nect th e speed se nso r con nector.
(b ) Measure th e resist ance between th e terminals.
Resistance : 0.8 - 1.3 kQ (Front wheel sp eed sensorsl
Resistance: 1.1 -1 .7 kn (Rear wheel speed sensors)
If the resist ance is n ot as spec if ied, rep lac e th e senso r.

FL+ FL- FR+ FR-

Rear wheel speed sensors

Left rear Right rear
speed sensor speed sensor

RL- RL+ RR- RR+

32
 INSPECTION - Whee l Speed Senso rs

(c) Th er e is no co ntin uity bet ween eac h t ermin al and t he

sensor b ody . If th er e is co ntinuity, rep lace t he senso r.
(dl Reco nnect t he spee d senso r co nnecto r.

No cont inuity

=
~~
2. CHECK SENSOR INSTALLATION
(a) In sure th at th e sens or in stall ati o n b olt is tightened
proper ly.
To rq ue: 7.8 N- m 180 kgf· cm. 69 in.-Ibf)
(b) T her e sho uld be n o cl earance between t he senso r and
t he axle carr ier (as sho w n).
Axle
carrier ~ t...
Incorrect

3. VISUALLY INSPECT SENSOR ROTOR SERRATIONS

Front Rear
(a) Rem ove th e ax le hub assem b ly (rear) or t he drive shaft
(front ).
(b) Insp ect th e senso r rot o r serrat io ns f or cracks, wa rping
or mi ssing teeth .
(c) Insta ll the ax le hub asse mb ly (rear) or t he drive sha ft
(f ront ).
NOTICE : To prevent damage to t h e serrati ons, do n ot
all o w t he axle hub assembly t o strike ot h er objects.

REFERE NCE
INSPECTION OF FRONT SPEED SE N SOR A ND
! SEN SOR ROTOR SERRATIONS
I 1 I
Ins pect f ront speed senso r an d sensor rotor serra t io n
1--, 1--' u sin g an oscill oscop e.

c 0.5V (a) Co n nect an osci l losco pe to th e sp ee d se nso r

co nnecto r.
Ib) Jack up th e vehicle an d run it at 20 km/ h ( 12.4 mph ),
and check t he speed sensor ou tput w avef orm .
lei Check th at C is 0.5 V o r greater . If it is not as
specified. rep lace th e speed senso r.
Idl Ch eck t ha t B is 70% or more of A . If it is not as
specifie d. re place t he d riv e shaft.

33
 APPENDIX - Type of ABS

APPENDIX

TYPE OF ABS lABS System Diagram)

Fig . 1
Master cy li nder
2-pos it ion so lenoi d valveta)
w it h f low co nt ro l va lve( 4)
A SS actuator
Flow con trOI+ _ ---., .r,;===!.'==;-n: ~~'io'====,,=====J
va lve

-
"'""
r;=Tll...lJ 1""- 6-.r{') I ~TI.L.cJ I

z-postttc n
so leno id v alv e

Front left Rear righ t Rear left Front right

Fig. 2 w heel cylinde r wheel cylinder wheel cyli n der wheel cy li nde r

2-position so leno id va lve(S)

wi th pressure increase valvel21
M aste r cy li nder

Pressu re
ABS act uator increse valve
r - - - --

Front main --l-u~~: b

solenoid
valve

Rear --!-if:,~kirlll-ll
-
"'""
Pum p

solenoid
va lve Spee d
s e ns ors

Fro nt sub- j
so le no id valve
- '"
OW

Front left Rear left Fro nt right

wheel cylinder wheel cylinder wheel cylinder

39
 APPENDIX - Ty pe of A SS

Mls"'r cyl inder

Fig. 3

- z-oostrton so leno id valve(6)

Pressure
hol ding volve ----1-;"'''':;:1

red uction
p", ""
volvo
uro ----H~~~s~~~~~~~l~
, - ,,dJ q
K. ---".J ~ G '""'0"
Front lilt Front right ~ ~ ' Some models onlV
wh eel CVlinder whe el c\fliMer Flea r 1111 Fllir rig ht
wheel cVliM er wh ul cvlinde r
Fig. 4
2-p osit ion so lenoid va lve(8 ) Mister eyIinder

~~~
- --6~[h
Pressure
ASS aOluolor
1 "--- -· L - ._ . Chec k
_.
holding vol"" 1 1nri'''';;1J

Pressure
reduotion
VII""
+ .
S ~el<J
s . ns ors

]Gs~nsof
Front len Rurri ght Flu ,l etl. Fron t right
' S ome mccers on lV
wheel
cylinder
"""".1
cylindlr
""M'
cylind er
wheel
cvlinde r

Fig.5
3-position soleno id valvetal
wit h by-pass valve( 1)

3-posilion
By-pass solenoid
so leMi valve
;
velve ,

~
, .

,,

"j" ~ ,".,.'"
: Spe.,d

: : : : : : : t.;J
Frontle/t Fron t right Flear lelt Ae.. right
wh"el cylinder wheel cVlinde r """ ...1cylinde r wh ...1cylind er
40
 APPENDIX - Typ e o f A SS

Fig . 6
3-positio n so lenoid va lve(3)

A8S tctua lor

I

,,
~ :,
,,,
:, r::
I Gsenso<

, .
l=
"
._ --_ .~':':':...-:
~
~ ,);J

Fig .7
3-position so lenoid va lve(3)
,- ~
-<yIide'
--
._~

w ith m ech anical valve( l)

ASS.."...."..
------------------------- --------_ . ... .. . _...

,
\ "
-

F' onllelt Ree' ' ight Fle. ,lell F, ont ,Ight

wheel oylinde, wh ...1cylind,,' w heel oyllnd e, w he el oylind e,

Fig. 8
3-pos it io n so leno id valvet a!

.-- '--'
I I~e.=.=il I
I
I
Ii
.... ..,
4' --
 APPENDIX - Type of A SS

(W it h TRC) S "~ , " , onl. 0<,"",' T~C 01' ,010'<0 ' 0 ' I,. " ,

T~C .... . " '0",0'

B,.• •f'",,' ,..., S"o-'"",,,,.
.,.,.;ho o $On.."
w orn;"" .w ," ~

" M'" 'h",,,,•

.....'" 'n _ ,,.,.

f , o " ' . ~ _ ",

" "Mo,

Fig.9
2-po sit ion so leno id valve (1)
MUle. c:v'in<ler

ll-'.~
w it h [ pressure regul at or va lve( 1)
relife valvett)
Slee. ing
by-pas s va lve( 1) gu. /

cut off vetvet'l l !,~S!~tl~.e~o'_ _

pump
,,
I I'
Speed
sen"". :
,
.,,
,,
,,,
,, ,
,
L
1>
_
, Ree. b•• k.
-- ~ wh..... c:v'inde.
Cuf-ofl valve
Fig . 10
z -p osttton so leno id v alv e(m ain-3 and ,
Powe r steering .e5O"'oir

sub-2) Masle, c:v'in<le,

w it h regulator pi ston (1) , _ ·-,

stee, inll

E by-pa ss piston (3)

pressure reduct ion plstont a) Powe. stee ring
pump
, 1gee,

NOTE: T h is ill u st r at i o n s ho w s the II~"'c:::"'''''--''''=-----. ~_ Rellulet" r pi. lon

hydrau lic ci rcuit of o nly one of t he f ron t

, .
l jl' Wheel cylinde,

.'
wheels.
,
."
,eo I ~ ,
,I " SP<'ed
se nlO.

II
1 ---_

Sub . olen"' d val""

..

Mlin solenoid velve

42
 OUTLINE OF TRC - Wha t is TRC?

OUTLINE OF TRC (TRAC)

WHAT IS TRC?
On road s wit h a lo w coefficient of frict ion (jl ), Th e TRC (Trac t io n Con t rol! syste m lo w ers t he
suc h as snowy, ic y or wet r oad s. t he d r ive eng ine's to rq ue . r eg ard less o f t h e d r iv e r 's
w hee ls s p in if t he ve h icl e is started o r intentions. w he n t he w hee ls sta rt t o spin, w hile
accele rated q uick ly , res ulting in loss of to rq ue at t h e same t ime co nt ro lli ng th e brake syste m .
and possibly causi ng ve hicle skid d ing. t here by reducing t he torque tra ns m itted t o t he
Th e m axi m um to rq ue t hat c an be tran smitted to roa d su rface t o ap p ro priate level s. In thi s way.
t he w heels is determ in ed by t he coefficient of sta ble and rapi d st arti ng and acce leratio n can be
the f r icti o n ge ne rated bet w een t he road an d th e ach ie ved .
t ires. [f t he atte mpt is ma de t o transmit to rq ue
REFERENCE - - - - - - - - - - ,
exceedi ng th at leve l to t he w hee ls. it w i ll
For Gene ra l Cou ntries an d Euro pe. t he na me
becom e easy fo r the whee ls to sp in.
of the t racti on contro l syste m is ab brev iate d
Mainta ining th e to rqu e at a level a pp ro priate to
as "TRC· . For the USA and Canada, "TRA C·
th e coeffic ient of fri cti o n at suc h ti m es is
is used .
someti mes d ifficu lt fo r th e d r ive r. In m o st
cases, w h en atte m pt i ng t o sta rt t he ve h ic le
q ui ck ly, th e d rive r p resses t h e acce lerat o r peda l
t oo hard an d t h e w heels sp in, caus ing a loss of
tracti on and of t orq ue.

Mon itori ng Control of engine

Spi nning of rear w hee ls f- and
j udg ment
f-- t orque and
brak ing for ce
I- Smooth driving

Sensors

-- Engine to rque
control

Tor qu e is redu ced by

sub-t hrottle valve .

Rear brake contro l

A pp lies rear
ASS brakes.
& OHP 15
TRe ECU

53
 OUTLINE OF TRC - Co m ponents and Th eir Fu nct ion s

COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS (FOR LS400 Dec.• 1989)

1. LAYOUT OF COMPONENTS

ASS & TRC ECU

Rear speed sensor
Engine & ECTECU

Main/sub-thrott le Rear speed

positi on sensors sensor rotor

TRC brake actuato r

-- ---- y
_---,:-. >'. ,--1_'
.~ > -

ABS actuator

Stop light
(brake light) switch
Neutral start switch
TRC
Front speed sensor motor relay TRC brake actuator
TRC
TRC brake main relay t hrottle relay
Front speed sensor rotor OHP 16

REFERE NCE ----------~

TRC· OFF TRC· indicator
indicator light light In so m e recent mo dels, a SLIP indicat or li ght is
used in stead of a TRC indicator li g ht. The SLIP
in d ica to r light fla s h e s w h en th e TR C syste m
o pe ra t es . Howeve r , th ere i s n o o u t p u t of a
ma lfunction w arn ing or d iag nostic troubl e co de s

1!1rl1 -~ m~ for th e TRC sys te m. These d isplays are mad e by

t he TRC OFF in di cat or li ght.
[y'~L
- -- \"~~l-
'--- I
.\ \
[-~~~-) TRC· cut-off switch

* The lett er s TRAC are use d i nst ead o f TRC i n t he SLIP indicator light TRC indicator light
vehicles for the USA and Canada.

FOR GENERAL COUNTRIES AND EUROPE

54
 OUTLINE OF TRe - Co mpone nts and Th eir Functions

2. SYSTEM DIAGRAM

RF speed sensor ~ •

~
RR speed sensor

I Ip &S J!J<;
v alv e
I
~
Sub- throttle
PO' ttlo n ~e n sor
rr== TRC brake I
--
actuat or
Sub-throttle 0
actu at or c W
<n, =
- <O-
<~
Cl-,. J
T r-
rl =
I '==
Main th rottle
position sensor

~
:;:::::.,
I dl
I '
LF speed sensor LA speed sensor

Ime cut-off
sw itc h I
ASS & TRC
ECU
Engine &
ECTECU
I
j j
TRC OFF
indicator light II TRC
indicator light I

RE FERENCE - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - ------,

In some m od els, t he A SS ECU and TRC ECU are ~ ~u b-th rottlel

ASS ECU ac tuator
se pa rate d, o r they have a throttle va lve m ot or • ASS lA C ECU
driv er to operate t he su b-t h ro ttle act uator ev en if co ntro l Eng ine 80
~
• lRC
• lRC ECT ECU
t h e ASS ECU and TRC ECU are integ rated into a throttle
bra ke
con tro l
co ntrol
single unit.

ABS
... Throltle
vllve
m otor
----I act~ ub.th
uator
rott le l

•
TRC
d rive r Eng ine &
ECT ECU
ECU

55
 OUTUNE OF TRC - Components and Their Funct ions

3. FUNCTIONS

Component Function
• Ju dges driving cond itions based on sig nals from fro nt and rear speed sensors
and on throttle positi on sig nals f rom Eng ine & ECT ECU, and sends control
sig nals t o sub-throttle actuator and TRC brake actuator accord ingly. At the
A SS & TRC ECU same time, it sends signals to Engi ne & ECT ECU t o inform it of TRC
operat ion.
• If TRC syste m m alf unction s, it turns on TRC in dicato r lig ht to alert driver.
• When set in di ag nostic mo de, it displays each ma lfunction by a code number.
Fro nt and rear speed Detect w heel speeds and send whee l speed sig nals to ABS & TRC ECU.
sensors (See page 6)
Neutra l sta rt switch Inputs shift lever position signa ls (-P- and -N -) t o ASS & TRC ECU.
Brake flui d level Detects level of f lui d in brake m aster cyli nder reservoir and sends signals to
wa rn ing switch ASS & TRC ECU.
Stop lig ht sw itch Detects brake sig nal (whether brake peda l is dep ressed o r not) and sends this
(Brake light sw itc h ) data t o A SS & TRC ECU.
TRC cut-off sw itch Allows driver to ma ke TRC syste m ino perati ve.
Receives main and sub-th rottle va lve position signa ls and sends them to ABS &
Eng ine & ECT ECU
TRC ECU.
Ma in t hrottle Detects m ain throttle va lve ope ni ng ang le and sends it to Engin e & ECT ECU.
position senso r
Sub-throttle pos it ion Detects sub- throttle va lve opening ang le and sends it to Engine & ECT ECU.
sensor
Generates, accum ulates and supplies hyd raulic pressure to ASS actuato r
TRC b rake actuator
accordi ng signals from ASS & TRC ECU.
Con t ro ls hydra u lic pressure to rig ht and left rear wheel cyl inde rs sepa rately
ASS act uato r
accord ing to sig nals f rom ABS & TRC ECU. (See page 9)
Cont ro ls sub-throttle va lve ope ni ng ang le accord ing t o signa ls f ro m ASS & TRC
Sub-throttle actuato r
ECU.
Info rms driver that TRC syste m is ope rative, and warns driver of a system
TRC indi cator li ght
ma lfunct io n.
TRC off i ndicator Info rms drive r th at TRC syste m is ino perativ e due to a malfuncti on in ASS or
lig ht engi ne co nt ro l syste m, or t hat TRC cut-o ff sw itc h has been tu rned off.
TRC brake m ain Supplies cu rren t t o TRC brake actuator and TRC moto r relay.
relay
TRC mot o r relay Suppl ies current to TRC pump m ot o r.
TRC throttle relay Supp lies current t o sub- thrott le actuator v ia ASS & TRC ECU.

56
 MAIN COMPONENTS Of TRC - TRC Wiring Diag ra m

MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC

TRC WIRING DIAGRAM (FOR LS400 Dec.• 1989)
Pa rking brake switc h

STOP fuse

GAUGE fu se

AM1 FL IG1 TRC cut-off switch

- ECU+B
TAC brake main relay

TRC brake act uato r INO TAC

indicato r light
1-
TC <}-----=---j---~-_,

IJ,(;<}--- -+- - - - t '

Ts r---T--:::;;~:M,
TAC th rottle re lay
CHECK ENG I NE J'j ~
8M o r 8TH .....ming lighl - ~ ;:I
. ITA
TAS
All Fl TAC motor relay
I TMA lOll
o I I Main th ro tt le
positio n senso r ] .~ "uw
~
,
, E2 t:;
~

1
TAC p um p m otor

4@ ~
I
I
MIT
ML+
ACMfa~"t"~al~O~' ne
Su b-t hrott le
e VTA
VC •c
..
w

A
VTA '5>
0

ML- c
+ Service connector A
B
e
w

Sub-throml
MT position setlsor l
Pump motor IOL2 IOl2
rela y VTH VTH
,. ~ - -' VSH VSH
TR2 TR2
NEO I ~O
FR+ -
FA- = = =*=1 RF speed sensor
FL+
*
FL- ~==}=,LF speed sensor
RR+«

OHP 19

ASS act uator

57
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - Su b-Th rottle Ac t uator

SUB·THROTTLE ACTUATOR
Th is act ua tor is f itt ed on t he t h rottle body. It OPERATION
co nt ro ls the sub-th rottle va lve o pen ing ang le TRC NOT OPERATIVE
acco rdi ng t o signals from t he A BS & TRC ECU,
Sub-throttle va lve f u ll y opened
thus contro lling t he engine output.

Cam gear
Main th rott le
valve
... F==;I=~fq ...
From air ... To intake
cleaner ~
... ...
. . air chamber

Main t hrott le
valve
Pinion
gear Sub-thrott le
Sub-throttle valve
Ca m valve
gear OHP 20
Pinion gear
Sub-th rott le actuator
OHP 20
TRC PARTIAllY OPERATIVE

Su b-throttle v alve opened 50%

CONSTRUCTION

The su b -thrott l e act u at o r co ns ists of a

perma nent m ag net. a co il and a rot or shaft . Th is
act uator is a st epping m ot o r t hat is caused t o
ro tate by a signal from t he ABS & TRC ECU . A
pinio n gear is f itted on th e rotor shaft end and
r ota tes t he cam gear, fitted on t he sub-throttle OHP 20
va lve shaft en d, th er eb y co nt ro ll i ng th e sub-
t hrott le va lve ope ning ang le. TRC FUllY OPERATIVE
Coil Sub-t hrottle valv e full y closed

Rotor
shaft OHP 20

58
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - Sub-Th rott le Positi on Sensor

SUB-THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR

Th is senso r is fitted t o t he sub-throttle val ve sig na l t o the ABS & TRC ECU v ia th e Engine &
sha ft. It con verts t he sub-t hrottle valve open- ECT ECU.
ing ang le to a vo lta ge sig nal and sends this

Ma in thrott le Poi nt s for t hrottle

positi on sensor positi on signa ls
~ Throttle bod y <, Resist or
Sub-t hro ttle
To in take
air chamber
pos it ion sensor vee
VTA2
miz
i1J' ~ E2

IOl2 conta ct pl ate

Points fo r IOl signals

From air
OHP 20
cleaner

Sub-t hro ttle

actu ator

Engine & Ee l ECU ABS & TAC ECU·

Sub-throttle position
sensor SV

3
4 ve
VTA2
3 r-, VSH VSH

1 E2

r
V

~~
2 IDl2
SV
IOl 2 .f
• There are cases in w hich this m ay be the T AC ECU or thrott le valv e m otor dr iver depending on th e m odels.
lS400 Dec., 1989

59
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Brake Actuator

TRC BRAKE ACTUATOR

1. CONSTRU CTIO N

Th e TRC brak e act uato r co nsists of a pump cy li n de rs. T he h ydrau lic p re ssu re in t h e w hee l
assembly t hat produce s hyd rau li c pre ssu re and a cy l i nd er s of t he r ig h t and lef t rear w heels a re
brake act uat o r t h at t ra ns mits t he h y d r au li c con t ro lle d se p a r at e l y by th e A SS ac t ua t o r
pre ssure t o and re leases it f ro m t he d isc bra ke accord ing to signa ls f ro m t he A SS & TRC ECU.

PUMP ASSEMBLY

Th e pum p assembl y con sist s of t he fo llowing two com pone nts :

Co m ponent Function
Dra w s brake f luid from m ast er cylin der rese rvoi r, in creases it s press ure and
Pum p
sen ds it to accumulator. This is a motor driven, plunger typ e pum p.
Acc um ulates p ressurized brak e fl ui d and supplies it to w hee l cy linders during
Accum ulato r* TRC system op eratio n. Accu m ulato r is also f illed w it h hig h-pr essure nit rog en
g as w hich abso rbs changes in brake fl ui d vo lume.
* So me m odels only

High-pressur e nitro g en gas

Accum ula to r"

#I
® Vi ew fr om ®
Pu m p & m otor
REFE RE NCE - - - - ------,
Pu m p asse mb l y of th e t yp e w i tho u t an
M oto r accum ula to r.

Pump & moto r

,",,=--1 From m aster

cyl ind er rese rvoir
Vi ew from ®
OHP 21

60
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRe Br ake Actuator

BRAKE ACTUATOR

___ T he brake act uat or co nsists of the fo llowin g f ou r com ponents:

Component Function
Accum ulat or cut -ott' " Transmits hydr aulic pressure f rom accum ulat or t o w hee l cylin ders du ring TRC
solenoid valv e system operat ion.
When hy draulic pressure in acc um ulator is being transm itted to disc brake
Ma ste r cy li nder cut-off
cylinders , this so lenoid v alve prevents brake fluid from ret urn ing to m ast er
so lenoid valve
cylinder.
Reservo ir cut-off During T RC syst em ope rat io n, this so leno id va lve ret u rns brake f lu id from
so leno id v alve w heel cy linders t o master cy lind er reservoir.
Pressure switch* ',*? or Monito rs pressure in acc um ulator and sen ds t his data t o ABS & T RC ECU.
pressu re s ensor:", '11- 3 ECU cont rols pump operation based on this data.
'II- t Mod els on ly w it h an acc um ulato r .. 2 Left-hand -drive m od el s 'II- 3 Hlqht -hand-d ri ve mo dels

Pressure
switch or sen:so:,~~~~~S
Valv es

-
cut-off

VIew from @) OHP 22

REFEREN CE - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - - - ----,
Brake act uat or used in model s w it hou t an accumulator.

Mas t er
cy li nder
cut -off
so le noi d valv e Reser vo ir
cut -off
so lenoi d
va lve
M ast er cyl inde r cut -off Reservo ir c ut-off
soleno id v alve soleno id va lve

View from @

61
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Brake Actua to r

HYDRAULIC CIRCUITRY IFor LS400 Dec.• 1989)

NOTE - -- - - - - - - - - -,
~
a
~
In t he case o f th e TR C. g en er all y re a r b rake
a
• •0 •B • 0 co ntr o l of th e left and rig ht w heels are c ont ro lled
B0 • •0 e ••
-
.'" Vl-, .-" •
s:
~
s: 0
..6 .-
.~
~

0
0
0
:~
::>
u
w
t;
independent ly . Con seq uently, hy dr au li c circu it ry
is prov ided in dependent ly for th e left and right

-• a w
0
~

a c, :;; c, w hee ls in th e ve hi cles equ ipped w it h TRC. In t he

~~:[=-J--i
o fun ct ion of t he A BS, h ow ever, th e left and rig ht
i5
0
u,
~
~
w hee ls are st ill co ntro lle d sim ulta neo usly.
w
~
0
0
u ]I[
U ""
'"t- U
~
o '"t-
.~
"0
.s
o
i":

]
~
"'• •~
.
'".-
-
~
"0
.-0
;;

j
o •>
o ~
:ۥ
'0
o •0
;;I=== ='J
'"
c,
9"0
" .

01
~ I
Jil l
VlI
'"-c L --l

QHP 23
62
 ) ) ) ) )

:I:
<
0 :D
SLIP TAe OFF m
Sub -thro ttle i ndicator ligh t ind icato r ligh t "
>
C
-n
m
:D
actuator C m
o Z
Q ()
Brake flu id level TRe br ake actuato r m
w arn ing swi tch - "\ "
(')
C
Ji I
:oj
I
I
"-e
~
I
"I 0
;;:
I
Reservoir!
cut-oil I
Thrott le
"alvt! mot or
drive, .."
"
r-
<II
>
:2
(')
solenoid I "0 0
;;:
~' :
0
r ...0
I 00 ~gr
~ -)JIr:;:=~
ASS
& -
'"'"
zm
TRe ~ ....<IIZ
r;::: ECU
I 0
s
".
~
....
".
0
c "o
ASS actu ato r
-- --- - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - ==1=
-=- '-]1 - - -'
~

> I
~-----
0 ....:D
I
I ..
.. c' ~ '. leo :
0
C
3
()
co
I
I Pump
- -
Lt· ~
I
I
.-
c
•"
~

i ii
~
0 0
I "
-•>
0

I 11 r--' -
c
0
"

: Re,,<vo;~ 3-pos itio n

soleno id valves Reserv oir : :

FIO"~~: --~- lj~~~I~F:I0:"~"r'~~h=t~-~Re~a~r1,el':ftt:::~~~mnJft7~\J!~~~:~~~:e;;~;'~ "der

w heel CYli n d / ~ w heel cylinder whee l cylinder 111 c;:;J-- - - - - - - - - - J

Speed sensor
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - l RC Brak e Actuator

2. OPERATION (For lS400 Dec.• 1989)

DURING NORMAL BRAKING ITRC NOT ACTIVATED)

All soleno id valves in t he TRC b rake act uator

Part name Solenoid Valve
are turned off w hen the brakes ar e applied .
M aster cyli nde r cut-off
W hen th e brake pedal is depressed w ith t he lRC Off Open
so lenoid valve
i n t h i s co n d it i o n, t he h y dr auli c pr essu re Accum ulato r cut-off
produced in th e m aster cy linder acts on the wheel Off Closed
sol enoid va lve
cy li nd ers v ia t he mas te r cy linder cut- off solenoid Reservoir cut- off
Off Clos ed
va lve and the th ree-positi o n so leno id va lv e of t he solenoid v alve
A BS actuato r. When t he bra ke peda l is rel eased. ABS 3-pos ition Off Port -A- open
f luid ret urns f rom th e wheel cylinders to the ma ster soleno id valve (OA) Port "B" closed
cy linde r.

Ac cum ulator

Press ure switch or sens or Il-- ---,JI TRe

pu mp
Relief valve
o
o

-
Master cyli nder
cut-off sol enoid
valve (off)

Reservo ir cut-off Accu m ulator cut-off

solenoid va lve so lenoid va lve
(o ff) (o ff)

A SS pump

Rear w heel cyl inder o ASS &

TRC ECU

ASS 3-position so leno id va lv e Reservo ir

OHP 24

63
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Brake Actua to r

DURING VEHICLE ACCELERATION (TRC ACTIVATED)

If a rear w hee l spins during acce leration , the on (closed) and t he accum ulato r cut-o ff so le no id
A BS & TRC ECU cont ro ls the en gine to rq ue and i s t u rned o n (o pe ne d). T hi s ca uses t he
braki ng of th e rear w heels to help avoid this. p ress urized flu id i n th e accu m ulato r t o act o n
Th e hydrauli c press ure in t he right an d left rear the w hee l cy li n de rs v ia the accumu lat or cu t-o ff
brakes is co ntro lled separate ly in three co nt ro l so le noid va lve an d th e th re e - positio n sole no id
modes r' p ressu re i n cre ase", -holdin g - an d va lves in th e A SS.
"pressure reduction" ), as exp lained be low. W he n t h e p ressure swi tc h dete ct s a pressure
dr op i n t he accum u lator (reg ardl ess of T RC
CD "Pressure Increa se" Mode ope rat ion), t he ECU t u rns o n the T RC pump t o
W hen the acce ler ator peda l is dep ressed and a increase th e hydrau li c pressure.
rear w heel sta rts to sp in, all so leno id va lves of Part nam e So le noid Valv e
the T RC act uator are tu rn ed on by sig na ls from Maste r cy linder cut-o ff
On Closed
the ECU. solenoid va lve
A t th e same t im e, th e th ree-poaitlcn so le noid Acc um ulato r cut-o ff
On Open
soleno id valve
valve of t he A BS act ua tor is also switc hed t o
Reservoir cut-o ff
th e "pressu re in cr ease- m ode . In t hi s m ode , the On Ope n
solenoid valve
master cylin de r cut-off so le no id valve is turned
A SS 3-positio n Off Port "A" open
solenoid va lve (0 AI Port -B" closed

Accumulator

Pressure switc h or sensor 11;----,11 T RC

pump
Relief valve
e
•

Master cyli nder

cut-off solenoid
valve (on)
Port "AN
Reservoir cut-off Accumulator cut-off
solenoid valve solenoid valve
(on) (ani

ABS pum p

ABS&
TRC ECU
Port "B"

("Pressure increase" mode)

Reservoir OHP 25

64
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Bra ke Actuato r

® " Holdi ng" Mode

W he n th e h y dr aul ic p re ssu re in the r ea r whe el Part n ame Solenoid Valve

cy l in d er s has been inc reas ed or re d uc ed t o t h e Master cy linde r cut-off
On Closed
r equ i re d l e v e l, t he sys t em is swi t c h e d to th e sole noid v alv e

" hol d i n g" m o d e . The m o d e c ha nge is done b y Acc umu lato r cut-off
On Op en
so leno id v alve
switch ing t he t h ree-p os it ion so le noid va lve of th e
Reservoir cut-off
A BS actuat or . As res u lt, t he accu mu lator p ressu re On Op en
so lenoid va lve
is p rev ented fr om escaping , ho ld ing th e hy drau lic
ABS 3-pos it io n On Port ' A" closed
p ressu re in t he w heel cy lin der.
soleno id v alve (2 AI Port "B' closed

Accumulato r

Pressure switc h or sensor

Relief v alve
o
o

Master cyli nder

cut-off solenoid
valve (on)
Port A" U

Reservoir cut-off Accum ulato r cut-o~f~fJ L)'~~?=~

solenoid v alve solenoi d valve }
(on) toni
ASS pump

ASS &
TRC ECU

(' Holding" model o

o
0
0

Reservoir OHP 26

65
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Brake Actua to r

® "Pressu re Reduction" M ode

When it bec omes necessar y to red uce the hydrauli c Part name S olenoid Valve
press u re in the rear w heel cy lin de rs , th e A BS & Master cy lind er cut-off
On Closed
TRC ECU switches t h e three-p ositi on so leno id va lve so len oid va lve
of th e A BS actu at o r to t he " p r essu re red uct io n " Accumu lato r cut-o ff
On Ope n
so lenoid valve
mo de . This causes t h e hyd ra u lic pressu re i n th e
Reserv oir cut-off
whee l c y li n d er t o b e r etu rned t o t he maste r On Open
sole no id va lve
c y li n d e r r e s erv o ir vi a th e A BS thre e - p o siti on
A BS 3-position On Port "A" closed
so leno id va lve and t he re serv oir cu t-off so le no id
solen oid va lve (5 A I Port "B" open
va l v e . As a r e sult . the h y d r auli c p ress u re is
reduce d . A t thi s tim e, t he ABS actua tor pum p
rem ai ns in oper ati ve.

Accumu lato r

Pressure sw itch or sensor II;-----;J TRC

pump
Relief valve
o
o

Master cylinder
cut-off solenoid
valve (on)
Po rt A "
N

Reservoir cut-off Accum ulator cut-o

soleno id valve solenoid valve
(on) (on)

ABS pum p

ABS &
lRC ECU

("Pressure reduction" mode) o

o
0
0

Reservoir
OHP 27

66
 MAIN COMPONE NTS OF TRC - T RC Br ak e Actuator

~ REFER ENCE
OPERATION (Fo r LS400 Oct.• 199 41- With out Accumulator

=
J L
D_TRCL ~ IIIII I 0
Pressure regulato r valve--{
Check pump
Relief va~ valve
L,

,, ~

Port A "
N

./ f---
Port "C "
.s. Ma ster cyl inder

~ ~~
cut -off sol eno id
,
',;;:% /' valve

,
0
0

sole no id valve
0
0

Reservoi r cut-off
1\1

r-t
,
Port " 0'·
/
\
poZr-
~J~
J
J
JC)T ABS pump I
ABS&
Rear whee l cylinder " TRC ECU

\~ !Ill! I
/'
~rt"E"
ASS 3-Positio~enOid valve 0' ,
Reservoir

CONDITION OF EACH VALVE PORT AND PUMP MOTOR

RESERVOIR
MASTER CYLINDER
CUT-OFF ASS 3-POSJTlON
CUT-OFF SOLENOID TRC
SOLENOID SOLENOID VALVE
OPERATION MO DE VALVE PUMP
VALVE
MOTOR

Po rt "A " Port " B" Port " C" Po rt " 0 " Po rt " E"

DURING NORMAL BRA KING St op

(TRC not activated) Closed Ope n Closed Ope n Closed
(OFF)

PRESSURE
O pe n Closed Ope n Open Closed ON
INCREASE MODE
DURING VEHICLE
ACCELERATION HOLDING MODE Open Closed Open Closed Closed ON
(TAC activated)
PRESSURE
REDU CTION Open Closed Open Close d Open ON
MODE

66·'
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - TRC Br ake Actuator

PRESSURE SWITCH lOR SENSOR) OPERATION l w ith accu mulator o nly )

Th ere are two types of p ressu re switc h (o r sensor) t h at are used t o turn t he TRC p ump on an d o ff. In
lett-h and-d rive ve h ic les. a contact type pressure switch is u se d. and in riqht-h and-drlve vehicles. a
co ntact less type pressu re se ns or is used.

TRC brake actuator

CD Pressure switch ILHD) ® Pressure se nso r (RHO)

ON
Approx.
ON
4 0 kgf/cm 2
Approx.
42 kgf/cm 2
OFF
: •,
Approx. 95 kgf/cm 2 Approx. 135 kgf/cm2 OFF
:, ,
,
Brake hydraulic pressure -
Approx. 88 kgf/crn2 A f 2
pprc x. 130 kg fc rn
Brake hydraulic pressure -

ABS & TRC ECU

TRC brake actuator TRC brake actuator ABS & TRC ECU

5V
vc
12 V
PR T
rw T, E2
,;.
l ow pressure-switch on low pressure-Tr on
High pressure-sw itch off High pressure-Tr off

67
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - A BS & TRC ECU

ABS & TRC ECU (For LS400 Dec.• 19891

The ASS & TRC ECU combines the functions of
the se t w o ECU's in a si ng le unit.
rotat io nal speed sig nals input t o it from th e four
wheel speed sensors, it calculates the am ount of
slipping between th e w heels and ro ad su rface.
and reduce s engine t orque and wheel rotationa l
spee d acc o rding ly, thu s ac hievi ng w hee l spee d
co ntro l.
Besi des t his, th e A SS & TRC ECU has an initial
chec k function. diag nostic funct ion and 'fail-sate
f un cti on.
1. WHEEL SPEED CONTROL
T he ECU co nsta ntly receives sig na ls from t he
four w hee l s pee d se nso rs and constan tly
ca lcu la t es the spe ed of e ach w h eel. At t he
same tim e. it esti mates th e ve hicle speed based
Us in g on t he speeds of t he tw o f ront w heels and sets
a t arg et co nt ro l spee d .
If the acce lerato r pedal is sudden ly depressed
on a slip pery road and the rear w heels (driv in g
w hee ls) begin t o sp in , t he rear w heel speed w ill
exceed t he t arget co n t ro l speed . Th e ECU
t he refore sends a sub-t hrottle v alve clos e sig na l
to t he sub-t h ro ttle actuator. At th e sam e t ime,
it se nds a sig na l t o the TRC brake act ua t o r,
ca usin g it to supp ly pressurized brake flu id to
t h e r ea r w hee l c y li n d e r s. Th e thr ee-p o siti o n
so leno id valve of th e A SS act uat or is switched t o
co nt rol t he rear wheel cylinder hydrau lic pressure
and t hus prevent w heel sp inning .

Acce lerator
pedal depressed
j
High I, Target cont ro l speed
Rear w heel
Speed
I I ". speed

.s->:
,'_
::;.----' . i - >

-- - --
---,
:
,_.

Vehicle speed

Rear w heel
acceleration

2
TRC brake On [
actuator solenoid
valves Off

A BS -lncreaSe-[
3-posit!on -Holding-
solenoid "Red uct ion-
valves

H;ghrl
Rear w heel
cyli nder pr essure
o ,,:: "
Fully :::: :: ""
op en ed "" :' "
,
"

Throttle valve "'" , ""

":' . "
"
openi ng angl e
Fully
:::: ,
,'" "
"
" Sub-t hrott le
L_l_---.:=~=~"=~b~::::::: . v alve
clo sed Tim e
OHP 28
68
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - A SS & TRC ECU

If. d u ring ta ke-off or sudden acce leration . the W HEEL SPEED CONTRO L OPERATING
COND ITIO NS
rear w heels spin. th eir speed will not match t he
rot ati on al speed of t he f ro nt w hee ls. The ASS W heel spee d co ntrol operates when all of t he
& TRC ECU senses t his co nditio n and act iva tes be low con ditions are met:
the TRC s yst em. • T he m ai n t h rottle va lve should not be fully
CD The A SS & TRC ECU closes t he sub -throttle closed (lOl l should be off).
va lve , red uci ng th e intake air vo lu me and • Th e t ran sm ission should be in t he "L: "2:
thus reducin g the engine torqu e. "0- or -R" ran ge (t he P and N sig na ls sho uld
@ At t he same time. it o perates the TRC brake be off).
actuato r solen oid v alv es and sets t he A SS • The ve hic le sho uld be ru nnin g at a speed
actua tor to the "pressure incr ease" mode. greater t h an 9 km/h (5.6 mph ) and t he sto p
The pressu re w hich has been sto red in the li g ht sw itc h should be off (it can be on if t he
brake f luid in th e T RC acc umulator up to t his speed is low er tha n 9 km/h).
point, as w ell as t he p ressu re gene rated by • Th e TRe cut-eft switc h sho ul d be off.
the TRC pump, ap ply sufficie nt p ressure to • The A SS shou ld not be ope rati ng .
act on the wheel cy linders t o effect br aki ng . • The system shou ld not be in t he sensor check
® Whe n t he brakes start to be applied. re ar m ode o r the diag nostic co de output m o de.
w hee l acce leration begins to d ro p and the
A SS & TRC ECU switches t he A SS th ree-
w ay so leno id v alv es to the "hcldl nq" mode.
@ If rear w heel acceleratio n dro ps too much, it
sw itches to th e "p ressu re red uction" m od e.
reducing t he h yd rau lic pressu re in the w he el
cy li nder and r e st o rin g rea r w heel
accelerat ion .
T hrough repet it ion of t his ty pe of operat ion, the
A SS & T RC ECU ma int ain s t he speed near th e
ta rget contro l spee d.

69
 MAIN COMPONE NTS OF TRC - ABS & TRC ECU

2 , CONTROL OF RELAYS
TRC BRAKE MAIN RELAY AND TRC THROTTLE
RELAY

As long as th ere is no m alfun ction in th e TRC. is turned on. These relays are turned off w hen
the AS S. or t he elec tro nic eng ine contro l the ignition switc h is turn ed off .
system. th e ECU turn s on the TRC brake main If a malfunction is detected by the ECU, the ECU
relay and thro ttle relay when the igniti on switch sw itches t hese relays off.

A BS & TRC ECU

-,
1 TAC brake
ASS , main relay TSR - :B- -
Fusible
link box ALT Ii ~ I' R-

M~to,
2 3

. --- SRC
-,
~
:, '--
I .- SMC r --
~
T RC motor relay
-- - SAC

TRC brake actuat or

TRC fuse ASS & TRC ECU

, -< ~
,

TRC
2

\\1g
t 4 TTR
R-
ID--
3
thrott le relay
1 oJ"
\~ - 8M or 8TH

L----.
To sub-t hrottle moto r
M ani to r

OHP 29

70
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - ASS & TRC ECU

TRC PUMP MOTOR RELAY

The ABS & TRC ECU switches the pu mp motor

rel ay on w he n t he fo llowing conditi ons are m et:
• TRC m ain rel ay on
• Eng in e speed m ore tha n 500 rp m
• Shift lever in pos ition other than "F" or ·W
• IDL1 sig na l off
• Pressure switch signa l on

ASS & TRC ECU

TAC br ake
ma in relay
1 ~ 2 Y· G TMR
From Engine & EeT ECU
1 4
l: rae pump
motor relay
R-
-NLPL
2
ABS ASS & IOL1
Fusible
TRC ECU ,--, 2 MIT 4-- - - From m ain throttle
link bo x , L....J posit ion sensor
ALT
,:M PR
9-•- - - From pressu re switch
or sensor

1
TRC pump &
motor

OHP 30

71
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - ABS & TRC ECU

3 . INITIAL CHECK FUNCTION

SUB-THROTTLE ACTUATOR TRC BRAKE ACTUATOR SOLENOIDS

W he n t he bel ow co nd it io ns ar e me t, th e ECU
d ri ve s th e su b-t h ro tt le actuator t o f ully c lo se
th en f u lly ope n th e su b-t h rott le v alve. It
perf orm s a check of t he electrical circuitry of t he
s ub-t hrott le actuato r and th e t h rottl e pos ition
se nso rs, and also of the o pe ration of t he s ub-
throttl e va lve, once imm ed iat e ly aft er t he
ignition sw itc h is t urned on .
A t t his time. th e o pe n ing ang le of the su b-
t h ro tt le va lve w hen it is fu ll y closed is recorded
in m em o ry by th e A BS & TRC ECU.
When the fo llo wing co nd itions are m et, the A SS
& TRC ECU op er ate s the TRC bra ke act uato r
so leno ids and carries o ut an in itial chec k once
o nly afte r th e ignit ion sw itch is turned on:
Condi t ions
• Tr ansm ission shift lever posit ion in "P o r ·W
rang e
• Vehicle st opped (0 km/h )
• Eng ine runni ng

Conditions

• Tran smi ssion shift lever position in "P o r - N" I 0.6 ms I

rang e ,, " .. I

• Main throttle valve full y close d ASS

3-pos it ion
-,~",,,' [ I

• Ve hic le st opped (0 km/h ) so lenoid valva "Holdin g"

(Rear right & .
Rear left } ' Reductlon"

FUlly open ed Master cyl inder

cut--off solenoi d
v alve oJ-
ON I
I
Op ening an g le I
I
Accum ulato r
I
cut-off solenoid r
valve I
FUll y cl osed
r
ON
Idl e co ntact po int ,.

I
1OFF Reservo ir c ut-o ff
solenoid val va
ON [
OFF _
I
r

Initi al check start

72
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRC - ASS & TRC ECU

4. SELF-DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION NOTE

1. I n so m e re ce n t m o d el s, t he T RC OFF
If the ECU detects a m alfu nct ion in t he TRC
indicat o r light is used t o di splay dia gn o stic
system , it lig hts up th e TRC indicator lig ht in the
codes.
co m b inatio n mete r t o a lert the d rive r th at a
ma lfuncti on has occ ur red .
If a ls o stores the codes for the malfun ctio ns.
Diagn osis codes are di spla yed by the b linking of

~.~~I
the TRC ind icator w hen th e fo llo wing conditions
are met:
• Ignit ion switch turned on
• TC an d E1 term inals in r OCL or c hec k TRC OFF indicat or light
connector connected" 2. Disp lay of diagnostic codes is performed by
• Vehicle stop ped (0 krn/h l th e A SS w arn ing light even fo r TRC system
* T C terminal i n the ch eck con nec t or is co mponents . Since the relati on sh ip between
available only on ve hicles w ith an airb ag. each lig ht and th eir cor responding di sp layed
diagnosti c co des varies between m ode ls, so
ref er to th e relevant Repair Ma nu al.

5 . FAIL -SAFE FUNCTION

Wh en a ma lfuncti on is detect ed by th e A SS &

TRC indi cato r light
TRC ECU w hile the TRC system is not o pe ratin g,
the ECU immediate ly t urn s off t he T RC t h rottle
re lay , the TRC m oto r rel ay, an d the TRC brake
m ain re lay, t hus pro hib iti ng operation of th e
TRC system .
If a m alfunction is detected by the ECU during

-- T RC o perat ion, t he ECU sto ps control and t urns

off the TRC moto r relay an d TRC brake main
rel ay .
When t he ECU prohibits o pe ration of the TRC

~--- -
- ~
syst em , t he engine and brake syste m ope rat e in
the sam e w ay as o n models w ithout the TRC
sys t em .

OHP 31

73
 TROUBLESHOOTING - Gen er al

TROUBLESHOOTING
GENERAL
W he n t he re is trou b le wit h th e TRC, th e eng ine' s if th e TRC sy ste m w ere not insta lled . Th e A BS
outpu t cou ld drop o r t he brakes co uld drag , but & TRC ECU als o i nc lu des a sel t -dlaq nostic
si nce a f ail-s afe function is pro v ided in th e TRC f unction w hich ill um inates th e TRC w arn ing light
syste m , if anyt hing ab no rma l occ urs in th e TRC t o in f o rm the d river of t ro uble . and is used to
sy st em , the A BS & T RC ECU st ops TR C info rm th e t ech ni ci an of the locati on of the
o p e ra t io n a nd th e v e h ic le o p e r at es as tr ou bl e using t he service co nnecto r.

TROUBLE SHOOTI NG

Li k ely cau se Di agnostic

Pr oblem
Compon ent part Type of t ro uble code
TRC w arni ng light doe s not Wa rn ing light or Ope n or short circuit -
lig ht for t h ree seconds afte r circ u itry
ignition switc h is t urned on.
TRC OFF indicato r lig ht st ays TRC OFF sw itc h or Op en or short circuit -
on co nt in uously . ci rc u itry
TRC OFF indicat or light d oes Ind icato r lig ht o r Open or short circuit -
not li ght f o r th ree seco nds after circ uitry
ignit ion switch is turned on.
TRC operates w hen engine is Neut ral st art sw itch o r Op en o r short ci rc uit -
raced w it h transm ission in t he circu itry
MP"or MN Mrange .

74
 INSPECTION - Diagn ostic System

INSPECTION
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE: To get an understa ndi ng of the di agnost ic system and master the readi ng of
diag nostic codes.
PR EPARATION: • SST 09843-18020 Diagnostic check w ire
• Volt - and ohmmeter (cir cuit tester or mult imeter )
luse v olt- and ohmmete r w ith high im pedance (10 knN mini mu m »
APPLICABLE MODEL: l exus lS 400 (Dec., 1989)

INDICATOR CHECK
Whe n the ignition switch is turned on, check w hether the
TRC indicator lig ht goe s on. It sho uld go on for 3 seconds.
NOTE: If the indicat o r check result is not no rm al, p roceed
to troub leshooting of th e com bination meter.

DIAGNOSTIC CODE CHECK

1. Turn the ignition switch on.
2. Usi ng t he SST, con nect term ina ls TC and E1 of t he
TOel o r check connect or.
TOCl Chec k con nector
SST 098 43·'8020
3. Read th e di agn osti c codets! f ro m t he TRC i ndica t o r
lig ht on the combinatio n meter.
TC NOTE: If no code appears, inspect the diagnostic circuitry.

TC E,

Normal Code As an exa mp le, t he bl inking patterns fo r a normal

code and co des 11 and 21 are shown at th e left .

ON -
HI
2 sec 0 "sec
25 1/ p25
sec
(Codes are explained in th e code table on the relevant
Repair ManuaL)
5. Afte r completi ng the check, di sconnect t he SST f ro m
t erm inals Tc and E1, and turn off the display.
If two o r m ore ma lfunct io ns are indicated at th e same
t im e, the low est- num bered diagnostic co de will be
OFF displayed fi rst.
Cod es 11 and 21

'-{-_.>-- 0.5 sec 0.5 sec

zs secII
,I

OFF ~l- l- l - L-
Cod e 11 Code 21
OHP 31

75
 INSPECTION - Diagnosti c Sy stem

CLEARING DIAGNOSTIC CODES

1. Using th e SST. con nect term inal s TC and E1 of th e
TDCL o r the chec k co nnector.
SST 09843·' 8020
2. Clear t he d iagnosti c co des st ored in ECU by
dep ressing the bra ke peda l eight or more tim es wi th in
3 seconds.
3 . Check that the TRC indi cato r li ght shows the norma l
code .
4. Disconnect the SST from the TOCL o r check co nnecto r.

76
 OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO TRe - Bleeding of Air from TRe

OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO TRC

OBJ ECTIVE: To master tho se ope rat ions which are un ique to ve hicles equipped w ith TRC
when those vehicles are repaired.
PREPARATION: • Brake fluid (SAE J 1703 or FMVSS No. 116 DOT 3)
• Vinyl pipe
• Conta iner
APPLICABLE MODEL: l axu s l S 400 !Dec.• 1989 )

BLEEDING OF AIR FROM TRe

NOTE - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - ---,
If the master cyl inde r. brake hose. l RC brake actuato r. TRe pump. or accumu lato r are re m oved and
re installed in a ve hicle equipped w ith the lRC system. it m ay be im poss ible to bleed t he air out of
som e bra ke fluid circuits . Therefore. normal air bleeding sh ould be cond ucted. an d after addi ng new
brake fluid. the following operation must be pe rformed.

BLEEDING OF TRC ACCUMULATOR

CAUTION: The flu id Is unde r high pressure. and co uld
Vinyl tube spray out with great force, so exercise caution.
(a) Con nec t a viny l t ube t o t he b le eder plug of the
acc um ulator. th e n loose n th e bleed er plug .
(b) Start the e ng ine. th en o pe rate th e accumulat or until
all th e air has bee n bled o ut of the fluid .
NOTE: The TRC pum p rot ate s continuo us ly fo r about 20
u seco nds after the engi ne is st arted. Resta rt the eng ine in
OHP 32 case of restartin g the pump afte r it ha s stopped .
(c ) Tighten th e bleeder plug and stop the e ngine.
Torque: 11 N'm 11 .1 kgf·m.8 ft·lbn

BLEEDING OF TRC BRAKE ACTUATOR

L TRe brake act uator
(a) Rem ove t he air clea ne r. t he n tem pora rily rei nsta ll it
so tha t t he engine can be sta rted .
(b) Con nect a viny l tube to th e bleede r plug of t he TRC
actuator. then lo os en the blee de r plug .
(cl Start t he e ngi ne. then o pe rate the TRC pu m p moto r
until a ll th e air has been bled out of t he flu id.
(d) Tig hten the bleeder plug and stop t he eng ine .
Torque: 11 N'm n .1 kgf·m . 8 ft-Ibf)
OHP 32

83
 OPERATIONS U NIQU E TO TRC - Bleeding of A ir f rom TRC

REFERENCE - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - ---,

BLEEDING OF AIR FROM TRC (For LS400 Oct., 1994) - Without Accumu lator

BLEED TRC SYST EM

(a) Disconnect t he co nnec to r f rom t he TRC pum p.
(b) Connect SST to the TRC pu m p.
SST 09990-00330
(cl Remove t he battery cla m p cover and ai r cl eaner inlet.
(d) Rem ove t he air cleaner assemb ly w it h cleaner hose.

(e) Connect a v iny l t ube t o the blee de r p lu g of th e TRC

Vinyl tu be
V -- --- ~ actuato r, th en loosen th e bleede r pl ug.

"-;: ~

oo~~o~~ -

(f) Connect t he SST t o t he batt ery . Then ope rate th e TRC

p u m p O N and OF F wi th in t e r v al s s how n in t he
ill ust rat ion and tig hten th e ble ede r plug w ith t he pump
st ill operat ing.
Torque: 8.3 N·m (85 kqf-cm , 74 in.-lbf)
(g) A fte r t ight enin g th e bleede r plug , keep t he T RC pum p
ope rat ing for approxim ate ly 30 seco nds.
o (h l Inst all th e cap.
SST
Battery
Pump Moto r
10 sec.
1:'0 se~·1 H 30 sec. 30 sec.,
ON

OFF
2 sec. ---H--l~ - 2 sec.

Jr-- - - - -
Bleeder Plug
Open

Close - -- -

83-'
 OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO TRC - Disposal of T RC Acc umulator

TRC ACCUMU LATO R DISPOSAL OF TRC ACCUMULATOR

High-pressure nitrogen gas [ CAUTION
I The TRC accumulator is fill ed w ith high-pressure nitrogen

1
9as, so before disposing o f it , be absolut elv sure to bleed
this gas out.
._ - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - ,
Gas plug BLEEDING GAS FROM TRC ACCUMULATOR
(a) Loosen the gas plug about tw o t u rns until t h e gas
st arts to leak out .
(b) Afte r co nfi rm in g that all th e gas h as b een b led o ut ,
rem ove the gas plug an d disp ose of t he accumu lat or.

CAUTION:
Do not place the accumulator near your fa ce.

84
 OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO TRe - lRC Pump Assem bly

TRC PUMP ASSEMBLY

1 15 (1 '6'~
I 13(1.3.9) I TRC pump assembly
... ---
,,
,

13 ( 1.~_~JI)

[ N.m (kgf·m, ft-Ibff] : S pecified torque

REMOVAL (MAIN POINTS ONLY)

DRAIN OUT HIGH PRESSURE FLUID

(a) Remo ve the air clea ner.
(b) Connect a v iny l tu be to t he TRC actua tor bleeder plug,
t hen loosen t he bleede r plug .
(c) When the fluid starts to f low o ut, tig hten t he bleeder
plug .
CAUTION: Since the fluid is under high pressure, it could
spray out with great force, so be careful.

85
 OPERATIONS UNIQUE TO TRe - TRe Pum p Assembly

~-:---Actuator tube
, 6 4.7 34)
,
No.2 accumulator bracket ~
I

[ -- - Pum p

Accumu lator - - -{
,,.-'", -
Pressure h o se ---------~"_ ,, ''
,,, '''
,:
Accum ulato r bracket --<~,~ @BIT~W ,,
...',_ I f"m:" '1 Go. . • • • 0
i ,
"

Pump bracket --~\I,.,.",:>,~: ,/~~~, ~~.-~ <, , ...... No.2 pump bracket
s /'"
,,"',
....:./
, ' , , ; '"
~

I til
I "
. I"\~ .......... ',:
........
, "
'
. ..
I
I

.•
"

IN·m lkgf·m. ft-lbO j : Specified torque

• No n-reusable part

INSTALLATION (MAIN POINTS ONLY)

INSTALL PRESSURE HOSE
Pump
(a) Install the union bolt and pressure hose onto the pump
and accumulator w ith two O-rings.
(bl Adjust the pressure hose to the angle shown in the
figu re and tighten the union bolt.
Torque: 46 N'm 1465 kgfocm, 34 ft ·lbf)

~ Accum ulato r

•
'0
\ .•
0 1

~,

S·

86