Worksheet 15 - Molecular Shapes ‘The shapes of molecules can be predicted from their Lewis structures by using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model, which states that electron pairs around a central atoms will assume a geometry that keeps them as. far apart from each other as possible, This is illustrated by the drawings below. oe How does this apply to Chemistry? Six groups surrounding a central atom will form an octahedron. All of the groups in this structure are at 90° or 180° to each other. All positions are equivalent Five groups will form a trigonal bipyramid. The two positions pointing up and down are called the axial positions. They are at 180° to each other, and at 90° to the other three, equatorial positions. The three equatorial positions are at 120° to each other. There is more room in the equatorial positions, and large groups will occupy these positions. Four groups will form a tetrahedron, All of the angles ina tetrahedron are 109.5°, and all positions are equivalent. Three groups will form a flat triangle (trigonal planar) Each of the angles is 120° and all positions are equivalent. Two groups form a straight line (linear) with 180° between them. ‘The groups occupying these geometric positions will be either atoms bonded to the central atom, or fone pair electrons on the central atom. Lone pair electrons occupy more space than bonded electrons, so they will take the equatorial position in the trigonal bipyramid. Lone pair electrons will also occupy positions that put them as far apart from each other as possible.ath > Fer Draw the Lewis structure for water, H2O. & 70H Sst io H 7O~y a) How many "groups" (atoms and Ione pairs) surround the central oxygen? Letums +) Lax posto b) Whatis the geometry of this molecule (look at atoms and lone pairs)? Draw this VSEPR structure next to the Lewis structure. adeds # c) Whatis the shape of this molecule (look only at the atoms)? hv honk d) What is the H-O-H bond angle? jae 109.5? e) _ Place the partial positive and negative charges on the H and O atoms, based on their relative electronegativities. Is water a polar compound? ye Draw the Lewis structure forNOz. 54/24 * Fe~ bib) 10 -N=e ous a) How many "groups" (atoms and lone pairs) surround the central nitrogen? 2 trideng por + | tome pact (ign = b) _Whatis the geometry of this molecule (look at atoms and lone pairs)? Draw this VSEPR structure next to the Lewis structure. y Lt, ton planer c) Whatis the shape of this molecule (look only at the atoms)? herd d) — Whatis the O-N-O bond angle? ~ /20° e) Place the partial positive and negative charges on the N and O atoms, based on their relative electronegativities. Is NOz' a polar compound? Uw por3. Lewis VSEPR ) SF. ef a) SFs le Let ce fee = SST A actokidicl VE 1 OE ‘a Vo c) ICle Heese pare see [C4 - T / Ob ida et IG ©) OF, - 49 ob: De fel eee A tre leds 1p ~C7EI Ife 9) BrFs (Ft pertdge” ei bippramit EIN, He ie! i) COz Crit he denen — 0076. |) SO3 6 tlhe Lae” ate tuigenel planac fa N57! Draw the Lewis and VSEPR structures for the following 12 compounds and label them with their geometry. Lewis VSEPR b) 1Oly , Fr le dee” Ree eerie Lipgant 1a— Jee a 4) SF; eee er s4e; JP 5- Fl beppanudt i iff 1) BF i wy seat it tae otelurd IF WP > @ ty h) NHs 1). 7 mu pve leat (ean 4 K) XeC 7 Ja f HUD? Soer a> Mei See odekdad IC [ Sa! m) PFs 5136 G00 iF po Gi poparndd a AlNow fill in the missing information in the chart using the structures you have drawn in problems 1 - 3 compound) atomson | lone pairs on | geometry shape | polar central atom _| central atom ie ie SF 6 0 otaliteL) scehedral | HO fr Fy 5 4 octeledsA | HO | ye Lg 4 2 octahedral Vian peo XeCly 3 2 atte Leda d) yo : ee A spaua dal CFpuyann L PFe 5 0 ipa det 4G he } 4 1 fp ccosaw | 1 Sf4 | Oe BrFs 3 2 pene CGIinet | oe | Ta 2 3 tigona i linear i*? CFe 4 ° felt treb dt | wo fee pel a) Fo plete al QM 2 2 tfrebedr A V-shaped | yes f,0 _| (bent) “ Wit os | 3 ee - rayon Noe 2 1 pn ay | det [ye CO, a oO Juue | fire | re