Formule fundamentale

Proprietati fundamentale

2 2
sin + cos = 1
sin α
tgα =
cos α
cos α
ctgα =
sin α

Relatii intre functiile trigonometrice ale diverselor arce

a)arce simple si complementare

π 
sin α = cos − α 
2 
π 
cos α = sin  − α 
2 
π 
tgα = ctg  − α 
2 
π 
ctgα = tg  − α 
2 

b)arce marite sau micsorate de un numar par de circumferinte

sin ( ± 2kπ + α ) = sin α

cos( ± 2kπ + α ) = cos α
tg ( ± 2kπ + α ) = tgα
ctg ( ± 2kπ + α ) = ctgα

c)reducerea la primul cadran

sin ( π − α ) = sin α
cos( π − α ) = − cos α
tg ( π − α ) = −tgα
ctg ( π − α ) = −ctgα
d)arce marite sau micsorate cu un numar impar de semicircumferinte

sin [ ± ( 2k + 1)π + α ] = − sin α

cos[ ± ( 2k + 1)π + α ] = − cos α
tg [ ± ( 2k + 1)π + α ] = tgα
ctg [ ± ( 2k + 1)π + α ] = ctgα

e)arce egale,opuse si de semne contrare

sin ( − α ) = − sin α
cos( − α ) = cos α
tg ( − α ) = −tgα
ctg ( − α ) = −ctgα

f)arce marite cu π/2

π 
sin  + α  = cos α
2 
π 
cos + α  = − sin α
2 
π 
tg  + α  = −ctgα
2 
π 
ctg  + α  = −tgα
2 
 Semnele functiilor trigonometrice in cele 4 cadrane

cadranul 1 cadranul 2 cadraul 3 cadranul 4

sin + + - -
cos + - - +
tg + - + -
ctg + - + -

Functiile trigonometrice ale sumelor sau diferentelor de arce (unghiuri)

sin( a ± b) = sin a cos b ± sin b cos a

cos( a ± b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b
tga ± tgb
tg (a ± b) =
1 tgatgb
ctgactgb 1
ctg (a ± b) =
ctga ± ctgb

Functiile trigonometrice ale arcelor duble si triple

sin 2α = 2 sin α cos α = ±2 sin α 1 − sin 2 α = ±2 cos α 1 − cos 2 α

cos 2α = cos 2 α − sin 2 α = 2 cos 2 α − 1 = 1 − 2 sin 2 α
2tgα
tg 2α =
1 − tg 2α
ctg 2α − 1
ctg 2α =
2ctgα
sin 3α = 3 sin α cos 2 α − sin 3 α = 3 sin α − 4 sin 3 α
cos 3α = cos 3 α − 3 cos α sin 2 α = 4 cos 3 α − 3 cos α
3tgα − tg 3α
tg 3α =
1 − 3tg 2α
ctg 3α − 3ctgα
ctg 3α =
3ctg 2α − 1
 Formule calculabile prin logaritmi

a)transformarea sumelor in produse

a+b a−b
sin a + sin b = 2 sin cos
2 2
a+b a−b
sin a − sin b = 2 cos sin
2 2
a−b a+b
cos a + cos b = 2 cos cos
2 2
a+b a −b
cos a − cos b = −2 sin sin
2 2
sin ( a ± b )
tga ± tgb =
cos a cos b
sin ( b ± a )
ctga ± ctgb =
sin a sin b
a
1 − cos a = 2 sin 2
2
a
1 + cos a = 2 cos 2
2
a+b
tg
sin a + sin b 2
=
sin a − sin b a − b
tg
2
sin a ± sin b a±b
= tg
cos a + cos b 2
tga ± tgb sin ( a ± b )
=
tga tgb sin ( a b )
2
tga + ctga =
sin 2a
tga − ctga = −2ctg 2a

b)transformarea produselor in sume

1
sin a cos b = [ sin ( a + b ) + sin ( a − b ) ]
2
1
cos a cos b = [ cos( a + b ) + cos( a − b ) ]
2
1
sin a sin b = [ cos( a − b ) − cos( a + b ) ]
2
 Functiile trigonometrice ale arcelor pe jumatate
a 1 − cos a
sin =±
2 2
a 1 + cos a
cos =±
2 2
a − 1 ± 1 + tg a
2
1 − cos a
tg = =±
2 tga 1 + cos a
a 1 + cos a
ctg = ctga ± ctg 2 + 1 = ±
2 1 − cos a
Formule pt exprimarea lui sin t , cos t si tg t in functie de tg t / 2
t
2tg
sin t = 2
t
1 + tg 2
2
t
1 − tg 2
cos t = 2
t
1 + tg 2
2
t
2tg
tgt = 2
t
1 − tg 2
2
Formule pt arcsin,arccos,arctg,arcctg

arcsin(−a) = − arcsin a
arccos( −a) = π − arccos a
arctg (−a) = −arctga
arcctg (−a) = π − arcctga
sin(arcsin a) = a
cos(arccos a) = a
tg(arctg a) = a
ctg(arcctg a) = a
arcsin(sin a) = a
arccos(cos a) = a
arctg(tg a) = a
arcctg(ctg a) = a
sin(arccos a ) = 1 − a 2
cos(arcsin a) = 1 − a 2
1− a2
tg (arccos a) =
a
π
arcsin a + arccos a =
2
π
arctga + arcctga =
2

Pt. triunghiuri:
 a + b + c = 180 0 ⇒ tga + tgb + tgc = tgatgbtgc
a b c a b c
a + b + c = 180 0 ⇒ ctg + ctg + ctg = ctg ctg ctg
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
a + b + c = 180 0 ⇒ sin a + sin b + sin c = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
a + b + c = 180 ⇒ sin 2a + sin 2b + sin 2c = 4 sin a sin b sin c
0

Cateva valori ale functiilor trigonometrice

π π π π
unghiul 00 30 0 = 45 0 = 60 0 = 90 0 = 180 0 = π
6 4 3 2
1 2 3
sin 0 1 0
2 2 2
3 2 1
cos 1 0 −1
2 2 2
3
tg 0 1 3 ±∞ 0
3
3
ctg +∞ 3 1 0 ∞
3

Exprimarea unei functii trigonometrice in functie de o alta

sin 2 t cos 2 t tg 2 t ctg 2 t

tg 2 t 1
sin 2 t 1 − cos 2 t
1 + tg 2 t 1 + ctg 2 t
1 ctg 2 t
cos 2 t 1 − sin 2 t
1 + tg 2 t 1 + ctg 2 t
sin 2 t 1 − cos 2 t 1
tg 2 t
1 − sin 2 t cos 2 t ctg 2 t
1 − sin 2 t cos 2 t 1
ctg 2 t
sin 2 t 1 − cos 2 t tg 2 t