1. What are the reasons we are uncertain in the prediction of SLR?

a. there are none

b. there is the uncertainty as a consequence of our environment modeling limitations as well as the
occurrence of future ice ages
c. there is the uncertainty of imprecise knowledge of future greenhouse gas concentration, climate
sensitivity to possible future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, the behavior of ice with
increasing temperature as well as ocean heat exchange changes
d. there are two correct answers: b.) and c.)

‌2. What impact does climate change have on the salinity level?
a. climate change affects salinity level in a negative light for human behavior, increasing salinity levels
that have risen due to SLR
b. on local hydrology climate change might increase/decrease salinity levels that have risen due to SLR
c. the decrease of salinity levels that have risen due to SLR
d. since it affects the salinity levels it creates a break in the ecosystem

3. What are the Abiotic effects of Landscape fires

a) changes in vegetation

b) changes in soil properties, nutrient cycling and air quality

c) changes in vegetation growth and soil nutrients

d) changes in animal life and amount of CO2 in the air.

4. What should you do during a landscape fire

a) keep a good sprinkler in a good location

b) learn fire safety techniques and teach them to your family

c) relax and wait for the fire to end

d) keep lights on to aid visibility in case smoke fills the house and be prepared to evacuate at any time

5. During flooding you should:

a) move furniture and electrical appliances upstairs.
 b) if you have poisonous or other hazardous substances, ask experts what to do with them.
If you have time, store paint, pesticides, fertilizers and other hazardous materials in
plastic buckets off the floor;
c) Pay attention to areas where the water has receded: the road surface may be weakened
and collapse
d) in the event of sudden flooding or if you believe a flood is approaching your home
(based on water level, build-up of rain clouds, heavy rainfall or your home’s location next
to a spring), move immediately to higher ground without waiting for instructions to do so;
this has to be your own decision;

6. When it comes to flood maps it is better to use:

a) topographic maps
b) meteorological maps
c) geographical maps
d) physical maps

7. On what is based the prediction of volcanic eruptions?

1. estimation of the probability of different eruption types

2. geochemical parameters to detect magma

3. physical parameters to detect underground deformation

4. gravimetric monitoring

8. During flooding you should:

e) move furniture and electrical appliances upstairs.
f) if you have poisonous or other hazardous substances, ask experts what to do with them.
If you have time, store paint, pesticides, fertilizers and other hazardous materials in
plastic buckets off the floor;
g) Pay attention to areas where the water has receded: the road surface may be weakened
and collapse
h) in the event of sudden flooding or if you believe a flood is approaching your home
(based on water level, build-up of rain clouds, heavy rainfall or your home’s location next
to a spring), move immediately to higher ground without waiting for instructions to do so;
this has to be your own decision;

9.Where is the vegetation adapted or tolerant to regular fire occurrence?

a) In Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas.
b) In Africa, Europe and Australia.
c) In South Asia, South America, Asia and Africa.
d) In North America, Asia, Africa and Australia.
10. Which one of the options listed below is a positive effect of fire on wildlife?
a) Plants rely on fire to release their seeds.
b) Fire creates open space and stimulates palatable grass shoots .
c) Fires improve the availability of nutrients contained in the ash.
d) All of the above.

11 .The main tools for minimising the consequences of Chemical Emergencies:

a) Prevention ,Preparedness, response ,relief
b) Preparedness, prevention ,relief
c) Prevention, Preparedness, response
d) Preparedness, response, relief

12. What should Public authorities do in case of a Chemical Emergency?

a) should identify the full range of potential accidents
b) should take particular care to ensure all hazardous facilities, carry out such assessment
and the appropriate emergency planning
c) should find the potential severity of the incidents and the potential off-site effects
d) should response to this chemical incident

13. What informs us on the level of impacts of sea level rise in coastal areas?
a) maps
b) projections
c) the statistics about ice sheets melting in Greenland and Antarctica
d) meteorological and oceanographic fluctuations

14. The driving force behind recent sea level rise are:
a) periodic and short term changes of sea level
b) long term and geological changes
c) global warming and climate change
d) eustatic change and mass exchange of water

15. What are the main causes of flooding in the countries of the temperate belt?
a) Local drainage
b) Heavy rainfall
c) Cyclones and strong winds
d) Intensive melting of snow

16.What is the human behaviour that mitigates floods consequences ?

a) Vegetation
b) Obstraction of riverbeds
c) Building defensive installations
 d) Maintenance of hydraulic structures

17. Where do volcanic eruptions usually occur ?

a) Areas where volcanoes are still active and where there are human settlements
b) After long drought periods
c) In densely populated areas
d) None of the above

18. .Magmas that produce low vicious lavas contain:

a) Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca), Iron(Fe)
b) Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca), Bromine (br)
c) Potassium(K),Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca)
d) Magnesium(Mg), Chlorine(Cl), Iron(Fe)

19. In case of the release of a toxic substance who makes the decision if the affected populate
should shelter indoors or outdoors

1. The government
2. The responsible person designated in the emergency plan
3. Chemical engineer
4. The institute of Chemical Emergencies

20. One of the most important activities in the prevention of and rersponse to chemical accidents is:

1. Air monitoring
2. Knowing the toxicity of the substance
3. Improving Chemical storing system
4. Liquid sampling and air monitoring

21. Magma has low viscosity when it contains:

• Large amounts of Mg, Ca and Fe
•Low amoumts of Mg,Ca and Fe
•High contents of gases and silicia

22. sulphur dioxide is converted into sulphuric aerosols:

• exosphere
• thermosphere
• stratosphere

23. What is called a “flood risk”?

 Water temporarily covering land.

 Intensive melting of ice glaciers
  The combination of the possibility of flooding and potential negative consequences.
 None of the above

24. What are the uncertainties of sea level rise?

 Greenhouse gas,climate and ice

 Ocean heat and climate sensitivity
 Greenhouse gas,climate sensitivity,osean heat exchange,ice
 Greenhouse gas,climate sensitivity,osean heat exchange,ice, soil

25. To form the common basis for on-site and off-site emergency planning what should be done by the
management of a hazardous facility?

a.To give details of the technical and organisational procedures applicable in the event of the accident

b.To ensure that all hazardous facilities carry out assessments and emergency planning

c.To identify and assess the full range of potential accidents in the installation

d.To ensure general information on the nature and potential of-site effects on human health and/or the
environment

26. What can Chemical Emergency cause to environment?

a.Can destroy the wildlife and ecosystems

b.Can pollute the air, water and food

c.Can affect forests and lakes,, can destroy wildlife and ecosystems, can pollute the air, water and food,
can destroy property

d. .Can affect forests and lakes, can destroy wildlife and ecosystems, can pollute the air, water and food

27. .How is the elimination of the ice barriers done?

a.through melting
b.Through detonations or through melting
c.Through detonations or by using an ice-breaker
d.By using an ice-breaker

28. In how many groups are river floods divided?

a.Floods occurring in lengthy rivers.

b.Floods occurring in rivers with round shape of water-collection.
c.Floods occurring in lengthy rivers and rivers with round shape of water-collection.
d.None of the above.

29. Which of the uncertainties depends on the presence of Greenhouse gases and on feedback
processes from clounds,water vapour and ice?
a.Ocean hot exchange
b.Greenhouse gas concentrations
c.Climate sensitivity
d.Ice

30. What is eustatic change?

a.it results in a alteration to the global sea levels,such as changes in the volume of water
b.is a gas concentation
c.Reagion of ocean with trends correspondingly greater than the mean to balance out the regions
with trends less than the mean
d.none of them

31. Which effect of landspace fire has negative effect on air quality ?

a.Effects of firesin planets

b.Effects of fires on wildlife
c.Effects of fire on air quality
d. Effects of fire on soil

32. Can vocanic eruptions be influenced by humans?

a.It cannot be influenced by human behavior and choises.

b. It can be influenced by human behavior.
c. None of the above.
d. Both a and b.
33. What is the only protective measure in case of an eruption?
a.to stay inside
b.to stay away from downwind of volcanic areas
c.to evacuate the involved people from the exposed area
d.to stay away from active volcano

34. When is the term wildfire used?

a) When the fire is caused by nature
b) When the fire is caused by wild factors
c) When the fire is burning unwanted and unplanned
d) When the fire burns a large area

35. What is now creating conditions for higher fire occurrence?

a) Arson
b) Human behavior that is also influenced by climate changes
c) Progressive warming of the Northern latitudes as a consequence of climate change
d) . During extreme drought, heat and strong winds a wildfire may reach a very large size and high speed