Hit 2B ELEMENTARY CHINESE Chinese Characters RE Volume I April 1977 Revised December 1977 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTERPreface This sequel to Chinese Characters I is based on the PRC text Elementary Chinese, and is designed to increase your reading vocabulary to 821 characters through the introduction of 521 new characters. Since Elementary chinese represents current usage in the People's Republic, Tt is to be expected that many words and their usages will not have been introduced elsewhere in this course; thus, you will need to learn not only the 521 new characters in this volume, but many new terms and their applications as well. At the same time, this inconvenience should be more than compensated for by the rewards of being able to read Chinese as it is used in the PRC today. Design of this book. Since Elementary Chinese was designed as a text of spoken Chinese, using it as a reading text presents some problems. First, many of the characters and words considered new vocabulary in the original EC are already familiar to you from CCI, Speak Chinese, and Chinese Dialogues. Thus it was necessary to restructure the lesson’ introductions, limiting vocabulary to unfamiliar words and characters. Second, the resulting learning load was very uneven--too few items in one lesson and too many in the next. So the next step was to regroup vocabulary and lessons with the goal in mind of keeping as near as possible to 15 characters per lesson while preserving BC lessons intact. In some of the later lessons of EC, vocabulary far exceeds optimum limits for a two-day lesson eycle, and it may be necessary to spend more time on these lessons. Meaning of symbols HGR to) Parentheses around characters following : the main entry indicate "long forms" or alternate forms of the character, (You are not required to learn these.) (Ay ® aiché Parentheses around a character or Characters in a subentry or usage example indicate that the character(s) rao R has not yet been introduced, and need zhao not be learned at this point. Parentheses around a syllable or shéng (xr) Syllables of Pinyin indicate that shi jia(zi) the enclosed is optional to the gaihdo(le) meaning of the term or phrase. iiBH céngyi* An asterisk folowing the Pinyin marks a word that has been introduced earlier in the course, or a phrase whose components are familiar. Large brackets surrounding an entire entry or entries indicate that the enclosed is provided for your interests such items are intended to enhance your understanding of character meanings and word building, but they need not be committed to memory. [Parse otensod jue A? without realizing =] before one knows it Usage Examples. In most cases, new terms or expressions are Foliswed By che or more sentences illustrating the usage of the item. Using a sheet of scratch paper, translate each example as you come to it. Then turn to the end of the vocabulary section and compare your translation with the version in the book. The models we have provided are merely suggested renderings, but your translation should come fairly close to ours. Always be as accurate and literal (that is, faithful to the sense, feeling, and structure of the original) as good English permits. rs BE BETABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Lesson 1 Grammar Notes 1A (EC 13) 1B (EC 14) 1c (EC 15) Lesson 2 Grammar Notes 2A (EC 16) 2B (EC 17) 2C (EC 18--Review) 2D (EC 19) 2E (EC 20) Lesson 3 Grammar Notes 3A (EC 21) 3B (EC 22) Lesson 4 Grammar Notes 4A (EC 23) 4B (EC 24~-Review) 4c (EC 25) 4D (EC 26) Lesson 5 Grammar Notes 5A (EC 27) Lesson 6 Grammar Notes 6A (EC 28) 6B (EC 29) 6C (EC 30--Review) Lesson 7 Grammar Notes 7A (EC 31) 7B (EC 32) Lesson 8 Grammar Notes 8A (EC 33) 8B (EC 34) iv He fhLesson 9 Grammar Notes 9A (EC 35) 9B (EC 36) Lesson 10 Grammar 10A (EC Lesson 11 Grammar 11A (EC Lesson 12 Grammar 12A (EC 128 (EC Lesson 13 Grammar 13A (EC Lesson 14 Grammar 14A (EC 14B (EC ‘Lesson 15 Grammar 15A (BC Lesson 16 Grammar 16A (EC 16B (EC Appendix I Appendix II Appendix IIT Notes 37) Notes 38) Notes 39) 40) Notes 41) Notes 42) 43) Notes 44) Notes 45) 46) 96 100 101 104 108 112 113 117 122 123 127 130 132 136 139 144 146 149 154 155 158 163 167 169 174 182 184 189 192 210 229EERSMETHERA Méo. Zniixt bul jian Jixingé Guéwigqing Chairman Nao meets Secretary of State Kissinger viLesson 1 New Words with Old Characters a. Kt bénzi New Characters and Words 1. SiC) sh x af 1foshi Ne Ne Ne notebook, exercise book RHA? teacher} (military) division teacher Evp Arta Ke? 2. tte ta 3. nin 4, ma 5. né Ne Ne Pz cv: she you (polite form) (question particle) and, with (like FR E fowe- tk Kee! 6. FA) gang 4A & gangbi* 7 qian GRE qianbi* 8. nan yh q hanzi Zz fa BF: steel pen lead pencil China, Chinese (from the Han Dynasty--206 B.C. to 220 A.D.) Ni Chinese character(s) AIAG £048 ER 12 FG rrvht 1% xf BF: review, practice, study (again) % xuéxt V/N: study ¥ FA sr F oovtse , BPARFR, 10. , ub BF: history ll. shiv BF: history Tay vist Ni history YORLAFOAL 12. ke Ni class period (M: jié ¥ 4 course (Mi mén 74 M: lesson £ a shangké* VO: go to class, hold class te xidke* VO: get out of class, dismiss class - 4k aie lesson one, the first lesson Les kéwén Ni text (of a lesson) Pate KES RHR? LIVIA, 13. fa cf(r) £ 74 shéngct Ne Ne ab - POO tinh CBS 14, & ying BF: R a yingguo* Ne FL vnwene Ni word, term, expression (vs. , single character) new word(s), vocabulary (of a lesson) sublime, noble, eminent; used in transliterating 2 England English (language)Translations of the Usage Examples fe oe 8. %. a. 12. 13. Which student didn't have a notebook? Why is the teacher crying? Why don't you go with her! Is it okay to use pens and pencils to write Chinese? When you study Chinese characters, the teacher is very important. China has a 5000-year history. Why doesn't lesson 53 have any text? This course isn't too tough. I've already forgotten the vocab from that lesson.Be Yura Gram 1) Ina sentence of the pattern “A ff BY, ©” is pronounced in the neutral tone “shi”. If pronounced in the 4th tone, €” implies emphasis: “A i B”. 2) The interrogative particle “1% is put at the end of a declarative sentence to make it a question. e.g. RRB SI 3) The Chinese personal pronoun in 3rd person shows no difference in gender, but the waitten form has differentiated into fi, #& and , all pronounced “ti”. 1) 4% and i both are adverbs. 45 in a sentence shows that the word or ohrase before comprises the entire of what it stands for. ‘When 45 and 4h, are used together, th precedes 4. ¢8. AMAA, URE LAE, AVR EA, RADAR A, 2) The suffix {11is put after a singular personal pronoun or a noun denoting person to show plural number. Other nouns cannot take {[], so we can’t say $80, #11, ete. If the context is quite obvious that the noun is in plural number, 1 is not used, e.g, AsATREI. and we do not say 641% 2H0 (1.Lesson 1A (EC 13) —. 64) Fania Models 5 RRR, 2 Fa, 6. MR RRAF, BA Hi, 7 RRAFT, FR 4H, oS k $2 Be kM Se 2 4 Be 2 AF=. WK Kewén Text R F2 Be R FA, XR FF Be A: & 2 £m a B: RRR, 2 Ba, ‘ eee ee 7 B Re AL MR 4 Be B: RR, MRAF,Lesson 1B (EC 14) =. 8 Fanji Models o “ga ae BA, 2. ‘et a REI Be 3 ei RR BM, BOR BA, eo 4 RR GRUR H, “* 2 $4, 8 we Fa, ail a RR FA, 6. en & 2 4, AM w& am R FA,R 2 Fe, te 2 FE, ww 2 $42, RN mw R FA, KAN a RR BS wi 2 FA, Mil wx Fa, 4h fe Wi aR OR FAL RM OR R 4, 2 BM, © 4, B® wk He as AF, & B&R AF, de Rk WME, B&R WE 2 BE, KR BR BE, RR th, BOR AAR RRR, KR wR KRLesson 1¢ (BC 15) =. 4 Fanji Models o EM KR PR, ee a gn 5 RF. QQ “gu hb, AS AOR, 5 we ML, RA IAL, “eR ARR ERA mR, RM a RR,=, BX Kewén Text RMN RFA, RAT A FQ PR, 2 RN PL, &w HK AM KR, HA] BE HR, AN WB HR, tel Fo fei an FE HR, Hei) & RK, thi B RF WAM & Ri, BS 4M, A & RL, & 28, & 5 RF, A) aR OA BE, A ME me, RABE Nl HAT, BA ee BU a AF, ea OK AT a RAT, BRAM, 10Lesson 2 w Characters and Words 1, AH) 14an BE YR A rianxi V: practice, drill, train Rai AEZ, : explain speak, talk practice, drill, train 2. UEGH) jing See ee : ike 2¥% <4 ais jidnghua VO: speak, talk (like it > 3. fa issue, emit, send, shoot 4. yin Ni sound, musical note R x fayin* pronounce pronunciation 5.8 nit BP: exert 6. wi power, force, energy Hea ni do one's best, work hard diligent, industrious with great effort, industrious1: HOG ARAYR. 7. th Ni topic, problem (ah ae f(8) tf{mu* problem, question topic, theme, title 8. ak answer, reply, respond s @ & nufag* + answer zni BF: concentrate, fix (one's eyes or mind) upon yz % zhayi* : pay attention = pay attention to MAES BREE. 1lo. B 1fng Nu: zero BF: fragment, fraction, part p iingqidn* Ni small change K 1h 009 ‘ Eh inesut* SV? sundry, miscellaneous w28- 4B, 2 - 2482, ll. ) 2& BF: random, miscellaneous 12. #8) znd BF: remember, record} written record R _ zhznix Ni magazine, periodical vas 13. zhi Mz long thin object - HS yizhi bi* a pen 14, HE b&o SV? thin 15. hdu SV: thick 16. A. fa BF: return, repeat, review, revive, ry restore, renew} multipie, complex GR fade SV: complicated, complex GA fixf Vi review inh Za * ak, 17. a BF: beforehand, pre- th q vant V: prepare Ak Limam, -LERARAR, 12@ 1s. i BF: language yi His ri Ni English, the English language RIF ranytt Ni Chinese, the Chinese language yhK yite Ni grammar ® GANDA BK A KiSiGshAp 4 BR. Translations of the Usage Examples 1, I haven't practiced the text yet. 6. She's working hard to learn Chinese. 9, You need to pay more attention to pronunciation. 10. 43015. 3002. 16, First let's review the first five lessons. 17, Be sure to prepare lesson 6 before coming to class tomorrow. 18, I don't think Chinese grammar is as complex as English. 13wk Yura Grammar 1) Some verbs may take 2 objects with the indirect object preceding the direct object. eg. RBBMEL, 2) Besides nouns and pronouns, adjectives, verbs, ete. can also be used as objects. eg. FUE ADF, LID BH, BMAP XK, 3) “”R" used in front of 2 verb shows pure negation oF will, fand has nothing to do with tense. eg, REBEL, HEERK, (He does not read the text.” or “He would not read the text.) 4) 75" is usually pronounced in the 4th tone, but when it is followed by another 4th tone, it’s changed into the 2nd tone: KA, RA, KR 1) Numeration The decimal system is used for numeration in Chinese TACKS 2) “J” and “7b” are interrogatives for numbers. If one asks about a number from 1 to 10, he uses “JL. “ >" can be used for any number. 8. RAN? RRS, MRF TY RR, RRIF, 143) Change of Tones of "2 (D , When standing by itself, or atthe units or tens of numbers, ““—"is pronounced in the Ist tone: “BB 8—" (Na shy), “= e}—-+—" (Grbai yi shi yD. @) When “—" precedes a 4th tone or a neutral tone changed from a 4th tone, itis pronounced in the 2nd tone: “—ig" (yk one lesson), “—-/h" (sig one). “—" is pronounced in the 4th tone when followed by the other tones: “—#" (yibail) “>” (igi) “4” (yibén), @ As an ordinal number, “—" is always pronounced in the first tone: “— J” (yiyue January). 1) In modern Chinese @ numeral cannot be put immediately ‘before a noun and there must be a measure word in between. Many ‘nouns have their respective measure words and the measure word ‘“/s"* is most extensively used. eg. KG, ARE, ORR, FEDER 2) When an adjective is used as the predicate, an adverb of egree is usually put before it and ‘7" is the most frequently used. But here “{Q" is very much weakened and has almost lost its function as an adverb of degree. In an alternative question one does not use “RR. eg. MADRE, PABRH, MADBB? AABR RR? RE OM RAR RAR if2”) ‘When an adjective alone is used as the predicate it parison. eg. AHHH SAH, SS Note: When an adjective is used as the predicate, no * used. 1) Im Chinese, an attributive always prevedes what it qualifies ‘When a personal pronoun or a noun is used in the genitive, it generally takes the structural particle “fy”. e.g. ENF HH AR, Hg 15© 2) Am alternative question is formed by joining together the af- {irmative and the negative forms ofthe main element ofthe predicate. c.g. MERE? KA BH RI the verb takes an object, there are two possible ways to make an alternative question: MARLEY. = BRATZ MERA PLP MEP LBB? MANA RAK? RMARLGLAT 16Lesson 2A (EC 16) —. $84) Finjo Models oO ‘27 ke FR, Fe FB BR, 3. eK AM AR, 3) 4 RE AW, R SRE, 5. eR KR MTEL, KR Hei RH, 6. FL MARL MRA FR, 17=, RX Kewén Text 1 BN Re PK, 2 2 RA AAT #06 2 aM 2 AN #F “gun ENF AA 2 ail Bi ae RAN PK. B® RL MER, FA PR. hu PR, AM BEF A MM, al BS, $A %, & A th. oe AW, & H RX, & Ri ff 2A, x RN KG. KA RG, Km AM RF. 5 RF. mh #1 FA, ae FA, a GA FA, 18Lesson 2B (EC 17) —, Pa; 4y Cini he fanja Word Groups and Models oO KR AR Le x +, 3. RB R +e 4. MB R +a, 5. RB R Fy 6 27 =+-. 19=. WX Kiva tat “& BR te 7. a. AB R MG? mL “By “MR 2B pe Xx =8 w(t), =F wAtA “RR FI? x 4, +-. RX ata, RAG K+), -t € 2, 20Lesson 2C (EC 18) (Review) =. 9% Jizi Sentences () en) x [PX RX RR Re RF RF CPD] He & % : er re toa] te RL BRK Fa & se = 5 | a | eee Re af ZF : Fa Ed & RE RF HLS © & CN) 4 CN) Fe 3 ‘ 2D | pe ¥ x R a cs AF me BE 21RUD 4 AD) fe AID #8 (4) (Bi) a An = Coe | L ¥ 40471 “A R263? [GORb. [GOAH. Meee PLB (ADE PL) MOLE PT SOBA | EIB) HAR | CEI) HH PLB? HTP Le HP x. cas, (GAB. [GoRAt. | 22w 3&2 ILE 123456789 ATI 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ALT? 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 21 22 23 34 35 36 47 48 59 ALT G2 73 84 95 99 100 200 300 400 500 ALA? | G00 700 800 900 1 2 5 12 2 38 41 AFI? | 52 73 84 96 100 =. BK Kewén Text AMAFS RMF A, | MAHL, EPL RATAN EP Ko RATAN FAD, RINE RT, USA, EM, FA MESH, ZI RAR, HITS RAVER RAN DF, AH, WH AD SLEPT, WBF EK FKL REPL, LEP Te Fhe LANE Fj Lo RAE PL AKRELo 23Lesson 2D (EC 19) —. FRG) Cin he fanjt Word ak RA . HE ES RK aH AR AS Groaps and Models oO HRA F KFA AF RETA BE—RR BE RK 2H OR KH +R eo OR ih, BE Bh KF fh oR, (=) bOR t, BER B, AF RR, 24cy Bk 2 LA He “HB OR KVR) KP 5. de A SLA AE 6. th A F(R) HAR? @ 1 &K 4 OH Be 8 RH BE HH HP 3 BS AF K Bl =. 8x Kenta Txt oO Lk 2 Kk 4, BR jw s 2% R Kk Hh, B® R +k 2 OR kh BE fe oF, wah, 5h OH Kk fe 2h RF, 25© 6 & A KK Hi. aK G RH, RA HR HF, 8k 2 RS, BM & R HE, RK HA H, BK RE wK Bh HH, RK BR F te nk 2 +R KR, RB Bw R +k A, 2k +R RM HR 8, MB FH KR © fk a, BK 2h AF KR, ® BH AF 26MEAT 1 ay a es aX KR % 45 a Lesson 2E (BC 20) —. RA07E4] Ciztt RE anja Word Groups and Models ©) BR RRR be (EA HR RD “i 2 RR th Be GER tH HOR AD wR RR BR PR Hr GRR PR HG RK RD 6k RR RH te GAH HOR AD Se 1K OM OR Be BRR PR BOB RK Mr wt PK BS RK $2 OR RL KR Kr 27 2. ARR RK ME HT=, BX Kewén Text o RAK HH BAH GH RF, RH wR FRM BRR FAN H RK HS, PR HB y, RA PL HR, MA PR HA. RRR AG HAF, BA FA AF, RN A AAT. KN HH AF Ah MRF, AUN ER AM He HAS Qo RM ER MED RK RK, KR RA K, PR RL MM RL EF, KRL wR H, AFR GIO R, & MI HR, RBI HR AW RT f BR, 28Lesson 3 New Words with Old Characters ag VE gdngzud V/Ni work ROA A He LAK? New Characters and Words 1. OF xi BF: split (wood, etc.); analyze 1 f8nxi V: analyze A Ft Ni analysis NBER 4h Ap > A 69 VB OK. 2. jié BF: (bamboo) joint, juncture, festivali section, Segment, spanj regulated, rhythmic; to regulate or restrict Mz class period de BARS FIR, 3. Hf ft BF: help, support, aid ah # fiiddo Vi coach £ Bop a $e BAN, BF: lead, guide 5. AGH zni BF: only (B®) zn Mi one of a pair g zhihao* A: the best thing to do is..., Adt all one can do is... a ee ee RA vient sndw one hand 296. nin BF: peoples citizen A RK vénmin Ni people ue Regen huab’o China Pictorial 7. BE ban N/M: shift; class; squad (of soldiers) shangbén* VO: go to work, go on duty, be at work £ yt or on duty F oh xitpme« Vo! get off work, get off duty ix - Hh zhéyiban* this class (shift, squad) number (#), day of the month 8. BCH) nado + 2% shisanndo* #13, the thirteenth of the month 24 9. shi BF: room, office KE jidoshi N: classroom RHUL THB 44S FH, 10. [Al jidn M: room : juncture, interstice; middle or midst of; among, between four classrooms wit noon &£ 4+ shangwi* Ni morning, forenoon F F xidwi* ‘i afternoon y & zhdngwi* Ni noon $4 wiifan® lunch, noon meal 12. By zhi 48 9A bangzhu* assist, help help, assist & help, assistance 30© BF: altogether, share At altogether, in all, all told Translations of the Usage ples a. Where does she work? . The teacher analyzed the grammar of that sentence for us, 2. There are three hours (periods) of class a day. 4, Professor Wang often coaches us. 9. There aren't enough desks here in our classroom. EMYKEE 31iB Yuta Grammar. 1) In modern Chinese,*5” cannot bs used immediately before ‘@ noun and a measure word must be put in between, Some nouns are also measure words and s0 do not take a measure word, e, 2, “SER”, “AUR? (every lesson, ep. “Ag 451k? every class), There are a few nouns which may take a measure word or not ek. “HA, “FETA 2) Sentences with “#5” very often have ©4f or a word or phrase denoting number to go with it (both may occur at the same time), ©,2, RINER AD A 2 HR, EVAR SAPP, RMA AMB KK, EP EARAP TA When “sp? is used, it emphasizes that. there is no exception to the case, 1) Both*="and*Rj*mean two, but they are not interchange- able: (1) ¥=%is used as the ordinal number. e, g. = fl(February), : (2) As the last digit of a number: larger than ten, *=? is used, ©. 8 $=,= BRS (3) Before “+7 and “Ef”, $=" is used. e.g. = but before “-F, both #=” and £75” can be used: =F, BF. (4) Before a measure word, $7? is used. e.g. BAB, GBI (Ovo months, op. — fi). But if the number before the measure word is larger than ten, the last digit must still be ¢=" and not $5", }-—heial, the 2) When *9—, 9 come before a noun, there must also be a measure word, e. g. “9 —/P(H BI" and not *—(A1 BH, Dut ifthe noun is also a measure word, no measure word is used! SHIR” (lesson 2), $36 =”. 32Lesson 3A (EC 21) =, 9 Finja Models Lop BA om HAF Be a+ FL ® A LA H LD KFT aA A At. 3 He RR ERA a? Rl AR 4 HAL KD Re RR? RH, HR RD HR Mm, Ae] AR PK AT, RN FD PL AR. 33 a 3? A RF=, WX Kéwéa = Tert MN A OE HA? a Re F PR, UR RA A Fu Be? DR, eB I BR RR, AN # Px. teil BR A HR Be aT, BR a OH, ER OH LH Re i HR A 2H, RL MR hey A, ER RK MR BB, EM Da OF Be Ha aT. EU RE RR eA Be RR RIN, RM a Re PK He BRM BS A mA PR HR, 34sth WR i HR ARK Ho A, KR R A PR BR, eI A RK He wi aR A EK HR Be ADT, WA BD A MR RK Hh, WI R & BR OB, F we PR Re tk A PX BR RH A? BR ORR & KAR Gt, wh A RR AR Birr RR We R & th -Kk CAR Gi, HOR <3, HH dey 35Lesson 3B (EC 22) BA BA AR pelea Ce By my aR ae —. a 6 co wae AF at BN RL = x BA Cink Word Groups Kewén Text oO %® RE. RM =). RN ae RM ORE F ( 36ail $R a A RO LF OW AG RR, TH & HF AG BR, SR LP R-P FA MH RK, Rat 2 Ho A Fr BH RRM 4 eH HA, SR BE AM BE ZA RA, 2 FH R He RM, RitRKR KR HB FH AP WA, FR BE MO BM, oS ® A BK PR BR, KR FA +kK PR Gh, RN -#H A +ak PR BR, e-k Ho ++ 2H, FAR OT +a 424, AR aa a ata 2, 37 ©Lesson 4 New Words with Old character: a rg E zneii (zhe1i) here (like i UL ) Ope n&li (nit) Ni there (like Qf sL > c “ff @ ndii (nd1i) Ni where (like vp yey a. R jia BF: (suffix for professionals and specialists) wy & nuajid Ni painter, artist AE R gud jia Ni writer LER shixué jid Ni historian jEKER yiifdxuéjia Ni grammarian New Characters and Words 1.40 héng SV: red 2. WEGE) én SV: blue 3.3 hufng SV: yellow, brown 4, RRC) 1d SV? green 5. Fl tong the same in the same (class, group, etc) 1a ge téngxué* VO: be a schoolmate of Ni schoolmate téngban* be in the same class tal v2 classmate (a = téngshi* VO: be a colleague of : colleague, fellow workerMA: [laf tongsns« © at the same time CATR OTIA, 6. ACH) te Ne BFE tisniguine Ne POA ars Ne 7. st BF 8. BCR) she BE ES sish’* Ne o. He gia BF: M - AE (fn) £538 f8iji Ag jidzi* NE PAZ snajiacire Ne 10. FRG) chudng Ne ABD FF chudngdan(zi)* Ne - ah yizhadng chudng* 11. fat yi BF: yizi* Ne hiewyt witb’ yizi 12. && gong BF: ARH (sh) H eSrgedne atche* Nz As GE dangsng* vo: Ihe & bangéngshi. NE RAM aEE- Be diagram, chart, illustration library 2 map : spend the night, stay (somewhere) : dwelling, hostel dormitory framework, structure, shelf, rack ? (aircraft, machine, radio, etc.) one aircraft rack, shelf bookshelf bed (Mi 4> or BR) bed sheet one bed chair chair (Mi /> or $6) five chairs public} office, official duties bus conduct official business office 4.13. CH, zhuan HD [ $B wwinjia concentrate, focus, specializes exclusive, Specialized} specialty specialist, expert ] RE- THLER, 14. Mb 3B) y BF: % we zhuany® N calling, trade, occupation, profession major field, specialty, profession KievwZAyr. 15.46 nud BF: change, transform; transformations civilization, culture DAG wénnua + culture AG® nudxud N: chemistry Att? chemical Ae Ae nvdsud ji Ne chenist | WEKEE OF, 16.8 xing BE: star, heavenly body [EZ & xinexing stars) | 17. at BF: period, time limit or duration BxA ingot N: 18. BR hud BF: hudshi* MA: 40 period (of time) week or or19. zhé BF: (as a V he who, ZH xuézhé Ni one who LAE H eSnazudené Ni one who KA hudzhe MAz or Translations of the Usage Examples 5. 12. 43. 14, 15. These two things aren't the same. My teacher's office is #103, © or VO suffix) they who, one who} (suffix particle) studies, scholar works, worker She's an expert on history (or a history specialist). My specialty (or major) is history. She studied chemistry in college. 41 eRe ingBk iti Grammar 1) A noun, personal pronoun or adjective plus *y? forms a nominal construction.e.g. KG RAI, CEE A = 2 5) RHERR, (RH- RHE) RARELHH, H-MRS) 2) «$ or */>” as an attributive must take "74° before it, eB. BB” not’ SAPO LIB" BDA” DOH APO DIA” ‘The word order of a question with an interrogative pronoun is the same as that of a declarative sentence.e,8, Be is Ay _ # fy RAFRARE MATA RMEM OO = RAFRABG? REA LATR? FRIAR ER a ‘The order of a date is as follows: AREF AA FHA (LMS) 42Lesson 4A (EC 23) =, 8%) Finja Models - a Lkk HR A OH RK HR RAR 2S AF Re Hh OMA HE KR FA oH, 3 RH ME AR Hk HO WKH BE KR we HH, 42K BR ZR FA 4H, 2 SMA RE 2 2M HD RK HR RAR th Hr 6 6 RR Xx i 6, (RA OR te WH OR RD Ce BRK Bh 2 RR FL Or a we (Zk BR LR FL HH OK 2A) 4k BE ZK Rw HH? kh BE 2 & H FH RD) 43=. RK Kewén Text Loe | & 2 AM H BE AM Be HR AR RL BR RF fe At HF, BH BD HR, 2B 6 BR 2 R HH, BW %H (C4HR) XR Rk AF H. RN HR F HL KF f BR, RP AF RM H, BE AFR RH &h H AF ZAK 4H, Ry F AF RXR PH MAR 4, zt GR 2 KT BE A Hh Pi Gh * R ADH 4. © fe -#% A +h BE. 2 (HE) RR He 3 A HE) AR BH, 4H CE) RR HH Swe (45%) Re HH, 44Lesson 4B (EC 24) (Review) —, WA Cizii = Word Groups oO —14l mk = [aI eo [ae [| ai ik x a a | & aR RID HRCI) eA) 2D eM Fe Px HR Ratt RF be a K Be oF 4546 te 2 ke | HR | Pz 8 Qe 1 © a a x54? ThE RRR | RR RFAF, RRR? eA HH ar » RRBRER RAGA | RATA tee? AH, | RH, Lk A528 He 4 RA? ee PB? Hie ER EP 3] x? REPL) REPlim ak Ar | A +B? Ate 5m a2 RAB bk & 5 ag | RAP ca a , =, Wk Kiwi Text ae AMBEAFASFA, MEDPR, H AP REMAN, MNGAAO AR, FL FFARR, MINEARRL, HRA RL, MMNFRARL, RRL, PUNO RE RRA, AFLRRF. H DRAFT, RFPMHFMRAHH, ro) A ARATE RK FARA RG? RMNLFAR, FH. REAR, 2 REAM DRL AP LA. AIP AHERN? KR, MERMATLA, BF TH H As ARAN OY RK AE AR ARE B RR, RLAMRED. Sree 474. 5. G 1 8 Lesson 4C (EC 25) =. $4) Finj Models oO we R MB AP te MAK RE a me % te 459 te R ih? eK te PR Ke BF Rm MR BE PK? z& 2 # th BA? zA BR AR HK 47 ©) te # tar te A Ha BFF kK R HA Gtr co) @ te MIL? 1s. teil a) RR RAH RE A ABLE 6 kK RE BAR? ML XR Be? 7. BR AE BAH 48=. 8% Kann Tat oO tk RX MBE) AP aH & Ko tM A tA BF? (® > stk BA FD tae * (CR RA) FA PR, te fe tA Bate R & ___, stk We FF tA edb? (RUB) # GR, th RA # tA ear RRA F RE, Ht ON BARE & #& ——_. 49= e& RES 2 BR Hr RE $ 2 AM H, RR HA 4 sk R Bk BA Bk 6 BAH? : KR a OR OF, aR ARI GI? ROA Gk RT HR). ke 2H RA A ML? : OLA KR EM) A wt BAB, Hk 2 Hh DRE AK B H&L CK EM 0 DAE) RK A BW, & APL, 50Lesson 4D (EC 26) =. FALE] Cin he nj Word Groups and Models / t&olin Vi discuss, debate ate Ni discussion, debate Fr YG virinx Ai it doesn't matter, no matter what AONE BA VE BR a, 1B 09 18) 3. fan Vi flip over, turn over} translate Kathe fan géntou vO: turn a somersault fanchén; $a Rx yingwen* translate into English’ 96© 4. PEGE) yi BF: translate aie fanyi* V: translate, interpret Ni translator, interpreter} translation 5.oPGE BR) gan Vi do, be engaged or involved in % (e) gan SV: dry 4, gan shénme What are you up to?, What are Ft (or) you doing? FA cinné URRIX E Flt a? 6. WCC) shou Vi receive, accept, collect Ke shdutifor* Ni receipt eR nu shduyinjz Ni radio (Mz AP or ¥gbd) RAFAL EA SARGA- Ried te. 7. FROM) jin M: catty (about 1 1/3 pound) 8.4 téng N: sugar, candy (M: 3% for piece, A for catty, @ bao for bag) 9. MB cei BF: fat (of animals); fertile (of land); fertilizer Ct fle. =iarei Vo: fertilize, spread fertilizer ] » TH Mt & Ot tR The? 10. SAH) 280 BF: soap AES £6izd0 Ni soap (M: $® bar) BEB AE PAK syne, 9711.9 G2) zndu Mz cycle BF: cycle, period; cyclic, periodic LA He endunién Mz anniversary ] JA af znsuvio Nt periodical, weekly magazine or journal be ; , wR Jad ee Peking Review -AtA BER M-G AF, AR HE AF LHF AIK, 12.47 (i) déng Ni lamp, lantern, light @AT diandéng* Ni electric light, "the lights" $: ~4 héngdéng ji Ni Account (record, tale, etc.) of ERT the Red Lantern AIDE LAAT, Bt Attatg & 13.P9 ond BF: inside, interior Dawa indi N Sufft within (opposite of wA 9b ) ] WF ndirvéng Nt content, substances contents TAFE AN HF vA tesa EE, APA HON BE 441 Translations of the Usage Examples a. My wife/husband works at the May Fourth Pencil Factory. b. There are over 100 workers at this bicycle factory. c. Do they sell foreign language magazines at that bookstore? 985a 6. 10. de 12. 13. © They are now discussing the problem of commercial development in Nanking. What are you doing here? My wife/nusband gave me a radio for my birthday last year. When are we going to fertilize this year? You can buy soap in the commune store. 1976 is the 200th anniversary of the United States. People's Bookstore has Peking Review in English, There's no one in that classroom--why are the lights still on? I'll have dinner ready within ten minutes. What was covered in that book? SROSTREwe van Grammar 1) The sfc (add 8 verb to show comltn ef scion. Compere: © RR-KPLH, © RRI-AGRH, Tame 1) means that one wats to by boo ut ha ot boogie, whlé example (2) meat hat the bok i bong say 2) The aeptve of FE -FEE, while the neste of ET is Ine aa nea cee aoe Gee © RRR © RLADE, eee Beene ae cal eae eae a 3) The interrogative form of a verb showing completion of action corresponding to “JEANIE” is“ TRA”, (Note: “MAK” ‘can also be said as “223%, but “3 #27 cannot be said as “HE TH, “27 cannot appear at the end of a sentence.) 4) Whea a personal pronoun is used as an attributive posses: sive before a term denoting kinship or other relationship, the strue- tural particle (i i8 not necessary. e.g. “183A”, RAVP?s 100Lesson 9A (EC 35) —, 3%] Fanji Models o | & BA KI -k REA, BT ANS, RK KF KSB, eM KI -R KGW, 2 RL BR ME fo — BIL aa RH, Q A GER (2) BMA, th fT tar BP R A FR LAT AR Ri, FH R & > MARE aT -* BY AT By, RM Rk KI —-RIL RG, Aw a , PYAR AE, AUTANAR A ak, BRAM EL EET AE LHS 107Lesson 10 New Words with Old Characters #iténgent Nt comrade LASERS FR. b. z jalcnesiae Ni workshop, machine shop APL EMA GY AZ c Aeppritosiin Ni conditions, terms sae Ra songz Ni working conditions BGR snc nud Nz living conditions io jian RAH 09 LAE A ae Bae, AC feoreeeeae ree peepee (lit. water level) [bx AF srenchus Ni standard of Living 7 shuiping WHIRL KFEATAR. New Characters and Words 1.fe ott V: raise, bring up, remind, propose, suggest [ae Hy & ticmucrai) Ret bring up, put forward, suggest (an opinion, plan, idea, etc.) GED ttg30 RC: raise (standards), heighten (con- sciousness); improve or develop LMS Kagie Al eaitnee ee Px sea YEA ROSA KE AK WILDS. 1082, SE(#) sht BF: Zz Bi 5 K Ae shizaix sy Fh weak shizdiae shud* 3. BR (BR) Jian BF: &sx shijia vs % Hi shfjian ue Atti A ¢ shéhui N BEEK ONE san £ ohay % 48 4, By(G) adng Vv: KN AY Basdurior | Re: $n x ddngshén* vo: YE HA — nudadng NE Attt Ne RI 6h HERI th Ne true, real, actual true, real, actual 3 truly, really, actually to be honest with you, to tell you the truth implement, execute, fulfill put into practice practice practical social practice 7] LOBE” move, touch can't move start on a journey activity active, moving, movable practical activities social activities HAE haa Rebsé oni hO. 5. ULC) kuang BF? Wh aingkuang HORE - #81, NE ek fA_ means ‘come from,' as in (most of them came from Beking). conditions, citeumstances, situation conditions, circumstances, situation NEAG FILS Gate F 1096. BR (ff) ching M: kind, type, sort nazhéng rén* that kind of person ARPA Eid fp HRT ARG A Bia FZ. 7.0 pin BF: goods, commodities, merchandise [*e sh{pin Ni foodstuffs, food products | e cs ZEARE GARGS, 8. F@ (i) chin BF: produce FF So cndnpin Ni product - & shéngchin produce Ni production FPP vo FAR AHF I, 9. RCM) 548 Vi untie, loosen, unbutton BF: explain, resolve; understand (py sib ine ef AR 1iko jié MRE KD J ARS BIR I. i settle, resolve, solve ascertain, find out} understand understanding 10. SP 58 BF: go or be between 11. $4 sho BF: connect, continue 4-49) jidshao* Vi introduce 798 1 Ae ji®shi in* Ni lett f introducti PHB AG jitshaorin etter of introduction KT 409 FY AK BIR GE SE HSL. 110Translations of the Usage Example. Comrade Mao was unable to recite the text. How many workers are there in that workshop? ‘The working coaditions in our shop are excellent. ‘The level of their English isn't too high yet. The problems raised by Comrade Wang have to do with working conditions in the factories, The standard of living of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced. Correct thought comes from social practice. There are many extracurricular activities at our school. ‘Things are different now. Under these circumstances it's very easy to learn Chinese characters, The Three Star Market sells Japanese food products. This (kind of) product will go into production next month, In due time you'll come to understand the situation here, This usage of this term hasn't been introduced yet. roi. qin43k Yafi Grammar 1) The suffix «J shows only the completion of an action and ‘so whether in the past or in the future, as long as we want to stress the completion of an action, we can use “%. If not, even if it’s fa past action, no “77 is used. E. g. WAT TRAM—-RA, MBIT LK -REKRK, LEMHAT A, 2)°A sentence in which a verb with “J takes an object without a numeral cannot be used independently unless the modal particle “J? is added at the end. Compare: FUR AEC, RMEAETAT. FRET ABR, KAPRMEAFTS+ERI. 3) “fy? when used as an attributive means @ part, e.g. AWALBRI ,AVARAAR, What's to be borne in mind is that when a noun takes © fh”, it cannot be used as an object. We can only say “#pfy-Ea AEH”, but not ‘HERB HE”. If the noun after <#fty” has been mentioned in the preceding context, it can be omitted, e.g. HARIDRS +H, ABAP LH, HH RRLH, ‘Nouns of time are usually not used with “jf” with the few exceptions of “BYR? etc., ©. ERERANEEMS, AUHTRR MRAM BI, “45h A” and “47 A9mt4R” can be simplified into “Fy A” and Ant”. 112Lesson 10A (EC 37). =, #84 Fini Models oO Lf BR FI RB, RM A WH, 2& HAT Ri, R tH RAL WA eR OT, IN ke & FB, +2mn RT $I mR Be © S207 te A TORR, 6 BUF ob RIN AT BH, 7 Al ee A FA FR a MA & R RT HK BH, 3) 9 BA ei Rm GA, Mx FA he fh 113BA ® Hh PL. wh HR wR Bw, ee RA a OH HOR we. BA ® RK FR HF RK H, uk WM BS H Rh RAL AA eA FR RA PR, me PL KF RH HR te. (a) Ben T+ AH BH KK FR, Aw eB kw BY, eA AR AR ARK: WH CAD B, HH (AD BR B a FR & Be, AC) He & +, ACH) HR &=, HX Kewén Text SRME BT BME FE 2 RB RK BH ee ee + # 88. AM & SRT 4 ME HRB, a7 #2, 27 Kh MEK & dl PBT xr MR, BA ee % BOR BR, BR ORR, wim an ay 4B HE. TS 2, AN RM ee SW TI, RR or K, HR SF RA, > $M ® MR mR OH OB EZ aM #1 8 F HH FE, SAT FM, AM DR A FR TA % fe, TA th xt RH fe Ae et RR HF, F2RR AN BSE SMH xh REA RMR Bk SR, OH SM HE Th H PH WR, eR RH PL KF, 4151 dt ie ah 116Lesson 11 New Words with Old Characters . 3) 3 wei(le) A: for, on behalf of, for the sake of, in order to, with a view to, for the purpose of AIHA CKFERB ZY DEG, b. % ey jingchéng At frequently, often, regularly Ah te BG AM. c. ob yf fAshBng Vi occur, develop, happen ERTIBE RAAB AK EIR. O Ae Hb zai X shang Patt? in terms of X, in X, of X Ag & zai lishishang in history, historically 24-69 sh&huishang de the bad guys of society, AR hudirén social villains PeoR)E bY singiighang de economic problems, problems in economics KRAGALL Le - TAD, METI, ae BA (Ck i8) +, 0b Live 018 BATA, zhéngzhi New Characters and Words 1.00 jaa Vi add, increase Ne kex jiiqitai* RC? add up Aok jiishang* RC? add up, plus No x, -# ji zai yiqi* add together $etra canis Vi join, participate, take part 117© 2. BR (3 mE) qi dng ae 3g jifqiing strong, powerful strengthen, intensify, increase, build up HAG 403% LBA 3. yi Bid vourt A \AHeZ MAR, BF: NE 4. UC, Be)y’n BF: $B 96 jingyine NE vo: Axper Jingyin* MAYES yBujingyan* Zo Vi RYE jidogéi* Riete jifogti tax 4, jidolit. vo: RAGH seneyan HAS Ht 6. AR ft BF: ARAB yifux 118 FP AIK friendship friendship RNa APAPZr, examine, test experience have X experience, have experience in X experienced hand over, deliver hand over to, turn over to turn (it) over to him flow back and forth, give and take mutually, interchange crosscurrents, mutual give and take, interchange cultural interchange, cultural exchange exchange experience mE, clothes; yield, submit; force into submission, overcome clothes, clothing© distress, difficulty, quandary sleepy 7. AG) kin &) 2f§ kinnan S| fficult, troublesome difficulty, trouble MoE REA Axe a? 8. eG, Ke BF: adequate, capable; overcome © 5 ag eft Vi overcome, conquer (difficulties) FAAR SH RAR F747 Bee. 9. xiang BE: mutual, one to another xiang Ni likeness, picture, photograph Aa KE xiangxin Vi believe, have faith in *a xX xiangding* A: fairly, pretty, comparatively RA FAAS HOOD. 10. H ni BF: mutual, reciprocal hiixi ang, At mutually, reciprocally, one Eta /Had xiine/ to another # hixiang help one another [Baste Bhan, ai = 2 . AK - weP SRR GAGA 11. PRK) jue BE: decide, make up one's mind RZ juéding* Vi decide, resolve yes juéxin Vi make up one's mind, decides be determined to Ni resolve, determi decision, resolution yn a ydu juéxin be determined to. be resolved to... ons 119© FosK{xo xid juéxin VO: make a decision, come to a decision, reach’a decision KACE ERK Ak. MBAS FHT, 12. ght Vi change, alter, correct PHAF J etiderito* — RC can change, can be altered PLA J ehiburizxot RC? can't change, can't be altered UKHFY gkinko(1e)* RC? correct (ea) TXZFJ etihudi(ie)* Rct change(d) for the worse TK ARAB Shi yEfum VO: alter clothing PAE. e8izneng Vi correct, amend Ni correction, amendment R09 SS 2A ER KE. 13. A yudn BF? origin, original, originally R. @ = yesnyin N? cause, reason Hi F ARE ALTE 6 BB ot BB Bree TCE 14. Be chéng SV! okay, satisfactory Vi accomplish, become, turn into % aM chéng buchéng* okay? will it do? seo Aas : A Pane f8nchéng hanyti* translate into Chinese 15. H it BF: merit, achievement aE chéng ji N? evidence of achievement: grades, scores, marks, results WES FOO Baki, pHi 2 oR, Harms h net, EuPoy KA Ba. 120iS Translations of the Usage Examples % 10. i. 12. 13. 15. In order to improve my Chinese proficiency I plan to go to China for foreign study. ‘The teacher regularly coaches us. Without frequent practice, mistakes are likely to happen. (or) If one doesn't practice regularly, it is likely that mistakes will occur. England has historically been a great power, but is no longer. ‘The new China is politically, economically, and culturally unlike the old society. We'll have to intensify our Chinese studies. To strengthen Chinese-American friendship we should study Chinese diligently. We often have experience-sharing sessions at our commune. Do you have any trouble understanding spoken English? ‘The Chinese people have already overcome all kinds of difficulties. I don't believe her. The students in our class often learn from one another. I'm determined to overcome these difficulties. We're determined to master Chinese. If any of the characters 1 wrote is wrong, please correct it. The teacher analyzed the reason for her (spoken) mistake, and helped her correct it as well. Her grades have been very bad this year, and I don't know what the reason is. My grades are very poori the teacher told me to study hard. 121#83 Yueh Grammar 1) A verb, a verbal construction, or a subjectpredicate construction, when used as an attributive, must take the structural particle “7, e.g. “BMWA, CRHUCANRHE”, applies to the past, and “Ff” to the future. Compare: EM YRBS-B, KALE T—B. MURAI, FREAT, UHARE EAR, When we want to tell of am action or a state of affairs which did not repeat or continue in the past, we use #f only. Compare: HIER ER, FRLER, (“82” is repeated.) 130RLEMKT UBRAAR, (©? is not repeated.) Note, “R.A” can also be said as “FER IK?, but “RK” cannot be said as “8 33%?. ©” sometimes can also be applied to the future, but it mostly comes before the verbs or auxiliary verbs “JE”, BE", *ik?, mL etc., and there is the modal particle* [at the end of the sentence. Ee WARRZMRST. KURA T, MILT AI FA J. 3) The adverbs “jt” and “-” have exactly contrary meanings. “i” means that the speaker thinks a number is small, the time is early or a thing is to happen very soon, etc., while "means just the opposite. Compare: KRRLAATARRRAET, MR RIRAT LATA. CRRA To Ao RAPT BR 131Lesson 12A (EC 39) —. 3%) Finjii Models @ Lk Gh & HE FT. 2 RL MM R BS FT, 3 By Bh PT, RN AR HE HE 4 RI —-R RB PF PR, oe SKA BH B® RCA) HR. 6 AR FM R RCA) BSA, PL hk RM RA BRK te ae, & &% #27 KA BR RA? RY BM te BST RA? wo Pe Hh NM RA fe RK He Ate? 132a. (a) wR © FI SE RR A al HR K % BB, XK H FI SHE A RN BR MR MA HR RIT -R & AM FIL HH Be.” () ER RN FD ROR a, WR CH FT RY kB a RR RR RR OR K, we RR mR, (ER RM Hh PR WH RB ieee tee ee ee A — BA Bik, 133=, Wx Kewén = Text BBD LEM RM Be BI -#K Pi BR, CH HE T. TR KR & Ate © wR, BT Beh, & A ML H xt AS tt “AS, & BF BQ RA Sh, & #2 T.” % FR, “AR ABT RA?” “Riy we Ro we, 2 AM % £3 4 & TF.” “SG, we Re.” th A BR RO By EH a 4 Br” {ROR KK RO AE i ee ee RY MS RT -K ® KR RK Bh, GK FH RR Her” “BR BK 8 TH A He tk a wR 4 F, PR LW A Br, TA BH tk AE BS, KR UR ® F TK & FR” BA # t # fR th, R R Fee, LR Me, OR RR OF &A a” “se FR, hk HR FR Br” a tt “A A, KR B® HE KF —%k,” 134FASLesson 12B (EC 40) —, #84) Finji Models ~ LR FL te A RE KA & RR. 24 AR MZ J RA? (R) RA CHR 1%), (CH) RCD AL Cb). 2 3H 22 & Hh, H#RE kK Bx, ASR RE ZR FH HM, & Mme R th, SAR £2 7 8, an wm OK & 4. 136| oR, “RD AMA RHR, tk He RH me,” ® RMT ae, AS OY RR HR BH -i&, fh! RAT bh MD BH, . ® HR HH RL, KR ST Zw wm eh I. aK 0 RX, KR AT Bw 4 Bike +t 2, ® ZIT 2a To +H 27, ZIT S83 S 8 w R 137=. RX Kewin Text ah} ree teee ee ge Boy) ee aL M2 & We A, Hh HY ter “MZ, 42)” el %® LR FL HK R KF % WH, Hh F WL. He it, &% w& FE KE, Loh EP OR OT, we FOR: CER Hh OR te OTE OT B” RR Hh, RL HB JT, BA R RAR, 2 HR Him el” BN ee ye eee ae enslave 3,47 FR FR AH AA A BSR 7, oF th, “RL th & FH RK RE S HR RA” & FB, SATA F HH RF RR te a ieee” BIR Bh, “ie RF £ F KI, HM WB HH KR 2 $ F lw FR SHA SY, wm BZ S” RE # th, “F* FF PL, OR GL FA, B Be 2zE FI FH, Bt Rk BE.” 138Lesson 13 New Words with Old Characters a. 2 zhiyio PESEA cntyho néiyou... MA: RfaMEL, if only, provided that, so long as barring..., so long as there are no. PALER Of vA FROITIC. KBR ALE, - RFK AR-Cn) Axe, 2 an New Characters and Words 1.384 yi BF? WR vie RC? ABU LZ AS 2.6 tén vi Gf 4& tend vor 3. zndo ve 82 $4 zndoxiing* vo: 48 £p kruchdoxiing jt* Ne (Note? EREARA / AA 00 PRR A AR, meet with encounter, happen upon, run into, meet (by accident) Se talk about, discuss talk, converse cast light upon: shine on, illuminate; reflect light: look at one's i reflected in a mirror), an image of (on film) take a picture, have one's picture taken camera (M: 4B or Bp ba) the character #@ in this usage is pronounced 'xiing' and means ‘likeness, picture, photograph.') 139© 4) Fr pian(r) or pian(r) Ni (thin flat item?) card, film, record, tablet (of medicine) M: slice (of meat, bread, etc.), tablet (of medicine), expanse (of forest, ocean, etc.) 82 )F zndopiin(r) Ni photograph ABH xilngpiin(r)* — Ni photograph Bi changpian(r)* Ni (phonograph) record ry yipian(r)* Nu-M? one slice of one an expanse of... tablet, (Note: while either tone is acceptable for , the fourth tone is generally preferred.) 5. 35H) 140 BF: labor; hard working Bah 1éoddng V/N? Labor, work Read Léoddng ji€é N? Labor Day Bah A rhoddngid Ni Labor force wank 1fodéng rénmfn Ni working people, the laboring people Ban kid 1fod8ng tifojiin N! working conditions BATE RE EHARA -— ae Khan EM 6. qin BF: industrious, diligent, hard working Gah viniso diligence, hard work SV: diligent, hardworking, industrious AB NEALE BF. 7.4 itn BE: simple 4E & ph jiSnzhf(de)* A? simply fa) B64) SRE ES, AMAR TER. 1408, PACH) aan Bey danshit 1a§ danxingddo ji%ndan* 4 danzi* x § KBi danzi* KBA cdiotnceir* FRBA chufngoan(2id* 9. fin AEE. finzneng* Axt finaud FVEMR Rat RR 10. & 11. (B) ue ABBE qinite [4ZoR-% aamiitdent qin BF: BF: ve NE NE xT ARIE 4 single, singular; odd (number); list} bed sheet odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, etc.) one-way street simple lists bed sheet make a list menu bed sheet turn over, reverses turn against, rebel; be against, oppose, resist anyway, event in any case, in any be against, be opposed to} go against, oppose; object to af. invade, encroach, trespass seize, take by force invade, aggress upon invasion, aggression invader, aggressor 71] BAL FZ 0e B49? 12. BE git he gishi* 13. 34(9) xing a K gioxing* svi 141 accidental; old; purposeful story interest, pleasure, excitement happy, glad happily, gladly© 14, Bl gin dare, venture, be so bold as to $i HCAS shin shud I dare say A GK J vietnaing* I'm flattereds you're too kind 15.8 ydng BF? brave, courageous se HH vonee™ SV? brave, courageous, bold a 168 ARB IHL 12 e447 4. 16.9) xt BF: hope 17.38 wang BF: look into the distance, look towards, look forward to £ KE xIwang* V/N? hope aa Su xiwang hopeful y sf AB néiyou xiwang hopeless 7K ae Translations of the Usage Examples a. If only Comrade Bai would come, we could start the discussion. So long as you work hard, you're sure to overcome all difficulties. Barring foul weather, we shouldn't have any problem with production, 1. I recently ran into Comrade Wang. 5. Our school is going to the August First (Army Day) Commune next week to temper ourselves through manual labor. 6. That comrade is really industrious. 7. If you hadn't brought this up, it simply wouldn't have occurred to me. 9. Whether or not you object, you still have to do it. 142© 11, What year was the Japanese invasion of China? (or) What year did Japan invade China? 15. He may be very brave, but he's afraid of getting shots. suratwk Yuri Grammar 1) The verb “|? when used asthe complement of result indicates direction. E.g AVAL HB BT ALK, EMA ROR, WE RA AER AF DAR, ‘Sometimes it indicates that an aim is attained or an action bas come to a result. Eg RAFRLEMHLRF I. RE ANMBA BHAT 2) The verb “fe? when used as the complement of result must be followed by a word or phrase of locality. E.g. RERBRILE 6 RAE BREF bh, (We cannot say “astethF?.) MABRAEMAILT » (We cannot say “ite T”.) 3) Some verbs may be reduplicated, and the reduplicated part is pronounced in the neutral tone. When a disyllabie verb is reduplicated, the 2nd, syllable is also pronounced in the neutral tone. E.g. “4 kinkan?, “2948 xilingxiing”, <5 5 xidxie”, “if iti Woltntdolin”, <4¢47 fr 48 jibshAojiéshio” ‘The reduplication of a verb. has several meanings: (1) The action lasts only for a while. Eg. RAM HWAA, RRB HR (2) The action is repeated over and again. F.g. REAFRAEG REFRAILA. (3) Trial. E.g. RRB AA BA, 144,Note: (1) When a monosyllabic verb is reduplicated, “—ean be inserted in between, but not with a disyllabic verb. E.g. ZMARZAA-HAGT AMA, (2) The suffix* J” must be put in between the reduplication. Be. RAMAN T RAI FDR, Such case is very rare with disyllabic verb. (3) If the verb takes an object, only the verb is reduplicated. Bg. “URURCHE” T-BAR? “ASE OUIRL?. 145Lesson 13A (EC -41) —, 384) Finja Models o EZRA Mh ARH OF Bs] Fie. FR KAN CH FS] FOR ie FR ME RK A FDS +aF. © POR OR, eR OR Wa, RK FR KR RA RFE I. zk £ YF KR RM SK AFE T, © te -% fe OS kp MAM, Ck) Rae, FR tH RK WH H, RS FF ZAZA. - LK A Hh F FA] BB, BR % KR PBIB, ARR Gk KR RR TR, ZF ke & HIT. 146=, BX Kewén Text BREE ZA RL, KR BRI K BM, te “ER KR BLHIL Go” K mez to AS & RK, KR BF Hh R eF, A A tt “AM HAD A PL RK &, HR He” KR th, OF” RFL A -K PH GH, R ih, 24 A -&% AR BE % RH, R Rh HH KR BR & A&R i AR DH & BE KR Fa wh, & R mw & -* BRE, th wR PBI BL. MR, 2 Re PR FA FF Fl AR BH & Bre FH, te HF hh M, KR eR, KR MH TE TF. kK 2 & AT -*# AB H We, Re He HR He PBT —RIL R BH HX, BWI -* R B AR RA OH RS H KF, ke EF FT Rh BN, BH. “MeN % ARK X HH HR % AR, A&M BR AR & Bm #4, Zia FM.” 147© aM R RIK FI WR, K 2 2 KR. “PR K MW, RF $n #3, % MW AR, F HA, S$ RR, RW He HH.” & “RH -R RF AM BHR, SH Px.” Ri RE ARE RR HH He, KH 2) hh, “HZ Hh WE BF R RL.” BAM ECAR 6 Ish, 148Lesson 14 New Words with Old Characters a. 4B F woshdu VO! shake hands Al AT AB 518 4 HERBIER. AR RAE Ko FAS BABS, vG yingydng Vi appl aA N sppilcation t applied practical A eA 4Gef yineydns hu&xu€é Ni applied chemistry KA H sKyineydng fingf& Ni practical application, REN ORG LARABIZIELS, c. Hi pereqing SV: warm, ardent, enthusiastic a Ni warmth, ardor, enthusiasm (A A 4ejRia & Ae 1h 4974 0 8 4. a ppRpRdAN. xuéxido VO! run a school LY heh FARA AH, New Characters and Words 1.4 5ié BF: tie a knot, connect, unite; make a bond or contract} a bond or knot 2.6 né Vi combine, bring together, join gh & jiéné Vi combine, unite, marry $$ WG)iiénon* vO: marry Base hahaa t Pee. 149