APPLIED MATHEMATICS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SECOND EDITIONrong ate nein ace a ae — Pid est Mate 1 The SBN 0-33-783737-3 ‘rane Eau Py Contents Prot vt 1 Coordinate Syetome 1 EL Ineodation 1 4 Spec Polar Coors 5 1S The Complex Plne 7 2 Funsion and Groote 11 22 Grape Repression of Fanesoes 12 23 Roasw Polynomial Batons 20 31 tnrduion 24 32 Gone Propet of Logins 24 33. Common oguiins 25,coments Appendices 12 1 ‘ible of Physical Consus 192 ‘Tadleorfegals 192 1 Thasomato of U0 Sphere Polar Corkinaes 206 1 Sing’ Appeoinaon 208 Index 221 Preface When 1 wrest Sin eon of Applied Mathematics for Pica! Chai in 1934 Liaw ofenly one oer bok fh pe ht na tea aa at witca by Fariagton Dal pubished ry ea enti a ied Mateat ‘csfor Psa! Chey Keb bsg snd aa and hd ey Ile ‘ipeaanced mathematics ded to hase ale odes py el hemi, whch ds guina cemisty omic ad cela uct) spececony, { stashcal mechs had foe fer ecting psi chemise fo fe {Partha he he semesters lls raga for chery mj ‘ete fring pyc chemist was jot a ensigh ater odo hes ‘esti. Moves dean was tangle yale fee {ue tine techy sens ase mh kills Not only wee sets ting ‘he needed ahnced mathemati rm th resi mathematic counes, ‘mary ofthe ad cfcly apg tet ta ey di kw o chen al prblens. woul ie tony tht orth pat ers things av grove id tat stars rus a npepred aya ty were wenty Yea #g0 we? ‘ie iste this took ws posh. There fs sed or wok ich sobs wad slong wi and saplenet he tase oe ce seme Inpysiel cams. Tie the fist elo, his second eon inn way nod reas te ‘aul oues ales pesegusito he pia chemsty cane. Thiet los doit review bok, Whi overs some ars of mais ino etal ‘han ithe Raton, never ences on oly the he Imes ha reed etal isa cbomiry, pares wh tgatafe evel Moree ts thon eto ot pyc emi texto. ‘The eimary concerto hs book bsobelp stulets apply bes w chen ‘pobtens an ie e ist eaiton the pebems athens f techs re 3 ‘Sgnedto tthe sts mathemati by, oth har ably in pyc ‘hemi ay ound at is Book parc sued sat Who ate been ‘ay fom aeons fo seve ers nd ae returig fo tke pel chore Isr. A, sens saring gate Sco, who Poy ot have bad a0 weg ‘eyrton it adranced el, hve fond a bok tobe eal. “Te a le cpr conan en subet a at normal icone in eeu athena cones and shake a evew Whe tempor ‘ow gene and ecard itgton me emphasis has en ced in Ahsediton on ain inal ales or dong dard iegraton Like he st ei ‘Son ane Reagan net mtn gras Kee a ‘um iseg way wna wher pose “oe ater hal afte bok devote those as of mathemati soll ‘otcovred inthe reunites nurses take er pil chemise. Aa {ero chperhavetecn expended ode mii ound nt it eon, ‘tein forte estar athe indy eel or exalt chapter on di Feral quton expand o theses etd of sang terest eqons and inlaes ection on Hemi, Lepente and Lapse polyoma he caper 00 ‘fete ucla mon on Pere anfora tel Peers nora ody in any ses spectoscopy abd he upton tes and eens inloes section en pati maces in digonal frm, maj pe of problem co outed in guns ec, Fully sw caperonnemerical mthed and ope roam ha een ncaa encore senso use pesca compats adhe Sl ig chemical problems. Whe he pograsHuseutd i is chapter lz more ‘pot frm of BASIC hy eal ean be moded to ter praia fuses sochan This new chaper concerts name aod ch Perales, whe terme une showing senso to we pe po [Pome eine numeral poems tat auld rege lng reid of tine sve ‘ih he we of en aang eau Nobnat canbe ype witout inp rm profesor and sade ‘so ther aed he fist edition or woul be cen for using a speed eon Tsgesiteally wish than oe Hite, Chapel HI, Nor Carlin; Wit (Geneon, Lye Univenty, Chap Lyamure A Poy, Vandel Ui ‘ey Jol Res Sc Mite’ Cog: Saafod A Slt Fea Sse Univ Sy; Wiliam A. Web, Univesity a Miser fer he care nd rte = ‘ew ft istdon of et and i many help sggeions forthe sand (oe Aspect aks ae omy fen an colenge Profesor Wiliam Pana ofthe Payses Dearne hr at Sout Comet Sate Univers for ecping my wena haves verse at ry yrs, tank itor John Chalice, eto asian etsy Wiis tl com cept ood KineryKarovch, cope Tee Wogscn she a ‘Gesu at Pete Hal and ETP Haron whose valle Sea and comments fave pe w impove immensely he gual of sock "inal [wis tak my son Stpben Barat, who designed he coves fer ‘tse and sot hesning hn carer in apis dso, wile Mate snd our famly forth pace a encouragement dog he peprion of hs tok wee orm om th teat an tht hse comms any eas found matte me at baratepestcom 9s R. BaneaneTECoordinate Systems ‘44 wtRopUCTION ery afl met for dserbing the Fc depen fhe various op er of physicocenical jem to angen ech proper pit long ome $setf ant, clleda corte tem Tne coc of erate seo ce Senet psa wr wil depend areal exet on entre he properties ‘ing descred For example, man Belgs are ver rach "it hone in etang Tarp Look soe sou ante hme 0 anges youse- Therefore sitectsandfuniue dspners usually employ tanga cones inthe wrk. ‘Aon molcues, Rowers ve in "un spice Cenc thy ope nde cil eegy ls tht ae cently Toad ad eee ae bes ee ‘ome frm o-oo ys (lane polar or peril polar eben). Infact mary problem in pliysical ches dealing wih sons x molecules ca sete aed in ear coors Thos a chess, we ned oe fai Wt ‘or swells ears We sal sce, however: things we a aca toned nwsthing inns coon, suchas wanes look ey difert bts When dts in ol oot But once we he cae oes With pol coord ‘as, we Wl nd they a ope ical we ta nea cerns. We begin ur dsussion witha general einen near coordina.2 chapter cooeinne Systane 112 CARTESIAN COORDINATES. Inthe mid seven eoy te Pench ment René Desens oped 8 med eng ar mabe pos canarias fe, thi ads evmuir Catan conte ts Apel weds anesin ordi consi wo fiery ele torte tc. The vero as eal the one wh eta tas Gale te ate The pit of enantio. {inn ipaing ston tinea nom be ahs pgs {gen ts Tse ton) fen Wc pot wee od sng 8 na lito mate hy cl Sines egies king se setifis ne secede ey Se these wn Th the rand yr he ahve pop col jt an ay be esses or elms rte eng yp a ys var ‘Bist we rnc weber ‘Aaa o's Cts corn yr hts td exe in ys ‘zlehonityiesettin 1-2 How. ont erent i re resect vlan Sie th prs and ‘ote mst spose ner tics ne ee ves fn ie coma synem Ay ve a norman eee Trot! dependence of ee ume td ie ea uncon oe ‘ted in Ger 2) For rani th srw abou foe Gp pe “caution B's ey, PY= od dois mse opto beeen ‘Res voheforanel atThe ego desig ts sive waph Me Ht depot i 5, Section 12 Caran Coontnaton 3 y\ ame! owen wld jot as asi have een writen = & However, a appara inher eq Tne (PU~ Kore =) reat a ts vee elo rarely apes toe ‘eet igh mgr row pes, ab hen only he epee ‘regu i neld consun sakpowedge of fas sch a GCs 0 ‘Satingish te seme ops hem from ht of pee aber.” ‘Cooney ae mt ised a plane sarc We an ext he 10 ‘Smee tangata ontie te dsb above into hee-dmensiona ‘Surdnate yam oetuctinga dass pepe the ypene a pas tng though te cin In fact, re nt ied o Hee deans! corn ‘sen and cn extend he paces to many cools a we wih ned — ‘menor Sora jtensaloogh, we mph eget tbe gape ep ‘eenaontacomes it beyond thes densa. ne we ave estes of Chae dinenaoal spc, For example in wave care, area of ys ‘ering th mechanical blue of waves, we wal desc he ali of Center wate by sigan "eata” cording. Teer fe ample of one diners tnsverse waves. aon the eaxis—isrepeene ang te ‘Ms fo simple sine wave mig 13 (Keep mind tbe wae lf dos ‘oemne nthe drecton. The wet trance seis of stun Sing. nts ce, only down te was We sold ws confuse te mono the ‘tive with te motion of th medion pode te mate) A twodicnsen ttarsvone wave nthe pling sch na wer wate moving arose sure Ike reir hin corsa cl th nani dscbe the mpl ote ‘rarely to epee pagal. and cern wii there of expe ‘nce Many pon nga neve mehan, weve ere nto dere Uce-dinentoal waves. nord descbe pphicaly he spade of hee ‘mensional tanwvere nate, we eed fourth cour. This presen «pole {strstr fie densa pct, amber ngniur wap ave esa ‘vento gst auth poem, One way tue the ent of nome ‘Snewsina graph reeset the ample of the wave4 Chapter Covent Syatame ia) sts i yee dom ti nary othe coon systems desc tov, tt flo df vey sale ferent volume slemect ede dandy dae. dae oy whl isan al legh lng he has In tee -ineasns (Casi coordinate stem sbown in Pg 4 volume elements singly de ndedy ae 0 +19 PLANE POLAR COORDINATES ‘Mary problems in epi eines cannot be sled octal pce For thse, wend ences io ee he Caen aes ine wha a Seaion 14 Spheral Polar Coordinates ar 5 Fine cone lly are fee oa “oud” or cali” ood, Conse he gra [Bg 15 spose essa vey pm on is vo dinesiona corn ‘stem vie pom properies ef pM wane Noe ae agate of inte tame athe gh of rise bf te wale shoe, a hat the magne) inte tne athe go ie Sac 0) sing =2 and ed ebercot and ysanrsing “ ‘Thefoe, eey pit) ane seid by asining tia vale ee anda ‘al for. This peo graphical settn scald plane polar conn ‘rom In hs coo sm, pois ze desig byte botaen (8) Te ‘Equations (1-4) ae Anon a Usfrmaion eouatns hey str he co ‘nts of pon fom pole corier fo Casini) ened Ts ‘me tnfomatoneentons cane funy se Ugoeome. sunt oc #=um(2) as) =o" 08) 14 SPHERICAL POLAR COORDINATES ‘One exes ofthe pln poli odie tem thee dimension eas oe ‘phere! paar sovdinatertem, sown Fig. 1.8. pot i ye© center Coorsinnte Systane Pes Seale ‘rset te ember fe ie of hep te in, eae ‘hth ie makes ih eons and gl hac nO ml ie ot sino on amg sige he length fc is numerical equa tx 109 nd Bos we can rte re acoegrsingcoee sing = rinsing a, sarees ‘The ever eansfomaton equations foun as ows Lafitte ag oe gauet(2) ay rewtayeeeye 0) cab oe bacon! ear ‘ ‘The dfn volume cements polar ordinate to 0. An ingot expel fan tha sed exes in py ‘hemi, ined ints pyc seme as whol, the oe pane ean ‘where th costae a neteniatig, orepeaing decimal ving the va, 0 five sigieant ges, stig eee at he =210 “Tifton silted in Fig 25 Note hat al expec have th pint (1) ‘ncommon, soa = I fr Alo nt that are re 20 the anton, sae the fiction appeaces zo asx apres oo. The expesion Imag ‘neath 1+)" approaches vale of? 7183 ax appoacber andis readin {fe it tx ppoacer sro” The pyc pment wl be ‘dean ia Car “The isa diet rant betwen exponent untons and logic Sanctions. The power of exponent to which th conan as raed in the qpton veny=x em “The logue fnton og, y~ ceils in Fig. 2.6 Noe, anh a of exponen cons, he point (01) is eran ol ogee, ‘Se log, |= Oforany a Lagrts ave any asl popes ud at rae onthe sy of physi chemist, For season he general ropes logan ar revewedin Caper Pier 24 cron ae Section 22 Graphical Repression of Functions 18 Far 6 Oat Cireular Functions. Ailes sine as he lc ofl yin na plane ‘haaremaconstit ance oes Saad pi Clr adeeb the eae CaP Hon bPa aay ‘there and ete coors of th cent of tec the ie est) ands ‘Bera, Ant cil none wiht comer ern and aa ol 0 wi B4yeel em Ces ah rage incr in the ities in Fig 27 Lato ene tee fino sine (Bevin i) wich tle he angle ine te = ‘rds of pom (7), come abreast al int the ‘curds of hep) ad angen (eve un). th a fy ae? cytatde tc ripen20° Chapter? Functions ond Grape mn cee my 225) “Tse fstions ae called cial tgonomaric fet. Noe tn ons (2.25) juste wsnsfommoe Equations (4) with r=. interesting "pare the ep of fenton sch sin and co nea oot cor ‘tsi wt ltd slong ne) hse in pie polar cont. Con Side for example, tieeqaton r= suf where cosine Sich nein ‘an be asl dese he wate properties op) rom ons in wo dimen ‘on, The futon dependence of rapon can be saen Take 21 When ser Piped ear cordate anew Fg 2-8) 8819 ‘enone carve ests Ontbe er an, wher ess pleted in perce ‘mates anown a F280), he more fia shape of he ori an be sen Tes smpvant owt hat bin graphs ate even th hes ofthe ces de ending mere onthe ice of omits te. 12.3 ROOTS TO POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS ‘Wess inte revi etn that te 20 othe fant theo) ane Fund easly i te oguions rit or send dee ton. But how dow fin te Foas wears ha ae nena rq? Beer tea compris ‘earners simple sk One std ws adhe ots of paypal eatin ‘Sica ungs computers tgp he uacon, er exanple Soaertbe equation yedpeoatiett eercetne pt ae he et. eal gh =A Sexton 23 Rote ToPatynomia Equations 21 oe ae » o eh Gig Amd tn Sr a a pc 1 we plot fncon fom 3 = —3 tox = +3, we cla te graph shown ia Fig. 29 The oor th etn aie vals of for whch) 0. the pois ‘mraph where ths praph roses he at, Cael examination of th rah wil. ‘ow tte se ue r= 208, 4= 0744 = 4007, and = 136 M629 capechyestee aes22 chapter2Funeons ena raphe ‘Cher 1 we shal ics ame eb of ding roc polo Tons sng compute ‘SUGGESTED READINGS 2 Scuivs Micwt Clee Algebra he, Prete, Ine, Upper Ss Rives Nh ise » Mitts buat ces oa Pe al Ue Sa 4 Neo A Bi Matis Ain ky ig PROBLEMS 1. eines lowing tons toyeses opens 39-6 ig race’ 2 19 pte egy 0) yaar O Payee lo yon sues Dd ro4 sto asa) A (elsnconcme atheegneni) @ U)=Uhe* (ayandtarecontn regent) . fo alae +e @meCeomen) (hme Pant Acoma) 5. Pht exons in Pb ting cob ha pe 6 Bnd fe 1 fr louie (fn fof te a ho= ue apn ues Problems 23 7 Radon dy i fit cnr procs in bch be consent te ane ma (etd Ciera tine co cate" she Cand ae cosa st experts. Gen lowing i tne ‘Aho any page can sach ys ei | ing he gop med tee he fe ow ees wre3 Logarithms 31 mwrRoDUCTION Inte previo carer we dled arin 8th exponent or pro wich number ats gets ramfer. era > 0 That ify Den ‘Mad of totes a). Sice ie equtons day ant beay=x ee euivat, we cane hi fet 1 dese eral sf popes hrs 122 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS Proouct Ruts, Thelogri ofthe pad fono mambersmant sequal othe sam of he lars ofrm a lagna +a on, Prof Letm = and = Then, x= agama y= gg .Now maae=a> 0 “aking fe lar othe se Equation (3.2, toguam = log. = += gsm Sesion33 Common Lopartims 28 Quormr Ruut Thelogarit f hequten othe ro mumbersm annie equal ihe diferente egartn of mand. be (2) =toem—toasn 63 Pra etm =e! aadn a Ten gm =o Nowe on Powe Rus, The garth fm asd tthe power nis equal om mu aby he logrionof m eg, (= non os, Proc, etm = then <= Now tomer ry “okingelogarshn oe tase oF ston 3) gives lop in = oat = n= og 3.3 COMMON LOGARTHMS. Inte previous examples we dd wor pet ny parc vle forte be that 1% he nove ules hl fray vale Ia numer elses, bone, Me find hart convient ase otis oth ae sce hey ae cel se we devil nyse of epesing numbers nd also ae ned to what lly me fr sci maton awe we expe mbes in ow ‘eof 10 (eg, 6022 > 10).Stchogartns ar ced common oaths, dae rien np 8 og. The elanchip Between exon fhe me 0 and ‘Shea lar can ee nae 325 chopra Logaritns In gene gait composed of vo para manta psive nam berth erates ent la ofthe maber ro 1199989. asa chara tert eral) pone or egatve ud detraies whee edi is plac inthe nabs ts egualea expressing ers in sce neon or example, 1200 ae 129% 10 Te urbe 1228 equiva the Iai fhe logr, a C which ii whet deci pit i placed, {Result oh cute of We ogrtho.In ft if we deere Toguiin of 12900, we sx ta is uo the lam of 12 las el si of 1 og (12200) = og (1.2) fog (10) = 0864+ 4 = 40804 ere, 0086 she mun so ithe charac. impr ce that amie of sign ges number eee tts mans of te prin thu ot he hci he nrmber 1200 bs thes Signin Fane. ‘hemes hat ct The characters 4 the leah sony ttre th deka pos place. “Areraie cares deslates a manber ing a arange 0 << 1.0 evn th fat tt hi loath rade op of megtve tracted a ‘Sonne un nants eter agave he mis sigs pled above he ‘racers. Tvs, log 030 ~ log 20 10 renee 2 S01. Sch og ‘ttm ellel'sherogenou apart, Rx poste 1 combine the mepaie ‘hance wipe Frm omogenen grt Cael for and compas maa do ki Wher the done th ep ini cel in ot of teagan, 29010 =~ 1090. The prance of he ome ena lop apy chemi mst emphasize Agric i {nd coin pyc! ques, such ap ee expesd in honageene for ‘eve gap ses olin nga we expesied in homogsnes fens lgarthm epee i eteogeeons om cul wv De secon ‘icy oa ape Beto the aroha cleo, como oars wer wedge exe sey todo many te of alatns whch olay mone aerial ch ‘Siktemining rot fsb (nd ere at he oe F689 Tiloutthe wie cael Int dtrstng te oath of number isl ‘Pou wading togh ales of amber Bue aula as charged al at, ‘itouy we ens con eteoine th common lg fay mune by simpy pes {Meaty owt aca, We fn, however ta we ay Kr note meas Sry atte mull manber eget oa the os of umber, ‘hoy aa mpotan, sine a ote of important chemical concepts ah hd pte suntance ae died in tei oh corm ce base I SO impr for sett py heat Boame amar wih help key Cd Ihe inverse ratte} cn ei cael. Seaton $4 Noturaltogsrtms 27 4-4 NATURAL LOGARTTHMS Inctaper2 weaved ton t) << seing capone icon par ‘eu npr bey of py, Copan aks ote ¢ ‘ec oe natal geri td re eat ny Bee poet ‘ysl sigs ofthat pst might cose ee ‘mip tween otra cna lpn, Conde egaion e on “oking he pain oh tase 1 Eaton (7) gives logy loge = one os However «=n. Subingtisino Egon) gnes logy =Inylge= tay og 2718) atl (2.718) = 04343, Tero, egy = 043839 o ny =230508 os ‘The phys glance of te a lage can et epi ih teflon eval The alg: ay ue ef em cate writin df here As ese some Ene cage ns Csiro ‘avon tht ges sew vie) Thea cng ee ute heen eval hee case nb atom Alny=iny+ay)—tny =0(52) 7 Dividing ot sides of he auton by Ay gives Be gal-%) = m(ie 2)”‘28 chapir3 Logue Remember from Chip 2, However, ha the exponetl eis defn Tim ft 8) we ea ayy mee tha tn (ey mage tate : ow AMY ne ary sine n= 1 Rearanging Baton (3-10) gives Mata ea ‘gear te, we coma in ith the chang in any vale vane gy sale etna change nt var les gute chang inthe ana ati of evra kn, (2) ~ Ales on Ego (2-12) cae wed abow anadhervry important propery of mat ra ops Whon he change nny vals ey sal an th of hag te aul ogy ote warble rx coma, et th eo change oh “tule lf oc popatond vo the arable ie. This ype of ehangs i Cle an eponentl inrau o decece is pelo what ely a Grane ra proces Te ae change of te pata lg ofthe arabe ‘lms h/t, wee is time, Ts we cn ams - Sein Sr Eon 1, eae BScrar7* mau thee Ate cores the of change ofthe vile . ‘SUGGESTED READING 1 Bet, Gans Ly an So, Kat Cat, Piel ne, pe Sue 22 Suan Misin, College Algebra 46, Pree Hal Upper Sue River NL, Prctiime 2 Yan Baas ow. Co, en ep le River, NI, 1997, om pnostems 1. Teapot en anon canddy nin g= lo nd sean foe og wha mo (9 ee a ory = Lave @ arcana (ea) = saeco (Oras tow im a= aa 2 iene twig anes rte pet pd te wing ln om (a p= 7855 aha 2409 fo) pie ame (0 pit= 593 (ates 3. Bd pt ot asta fH wh i concen 10 1 “4 Theva dn tema verses someinn al eso vole Fsvohine oper eeganse % eens te mabe ms te a. ee iat = 8314 Kad? [Ste hse emer nd te ec ene eer ene of {otro ep 3K ena ola of or soe 16.0 Mem Tomy cane ail wth apn or cope deg ge tyeemaee as=ncvte® nein! hist membe fm epithe be cy om lee, ‘Tt detente Vibe we Pads cog ap etn iceman ie C= toute tienen ee (6 twee dt be tng cop fc ali eee cgmio ene tsrsequlioa, Une ttn Genito Sf tempers ea SSO ony sn ae c= Ya 7 Reds ys irene poss whilst ined gion heist sosrarlon oA atime Wyte cine ofA t= hn ‘una ample woth om i sip woe 0868 Row ‘Ste wont sent 130 10 y rebee