ET 223

Measurement
 Std. of Measurement
Four Fundamental Measures
l Length*
l Time
l Mass
l Temperature
Length
l Linear Measurement
l Metric vs. English System
l 1” =2.54 cm
l mm, cm, m, km
 Measuring Tools
Direct Reading Measurement
l Steel Rules: Max. discrimination of 1/64
l Rigid steel rule
l Hook rule
l Rule depth gage, and ……..
l Vernier caliper: Max. discrimination of 1/1000
l Capable of making in- & outside measurements
l Also, designed to measure the depth of hole or slots
l Dial caliper
l Easier to use than regular vernier caliper
l Micrometer (=Mike)
l Micrometer: Up to 0.001 inch accuracy
l Vernier Micrometer: Up to 0.0001 inch accuracy
Comparison measuring instrument
(=Helper measuring tools)
l Must be used with direct reading instrument
l Tools
l Caliper; In-side & Out-side
l Telescoping gage
l Small hole gage
l ……..
Angular Measuring Instruments
l More difficult measurements to make than linear
measurements.
l Measured in degree or 1/360 of a circle
l A clamping device must be supplied
l Examples
l Angle gage blocks, dial indicators, and bevel protractors
 Allowance & Tolerance

Allowance & Tolerance

l Intentional & undesirable but permissible
l Must be specified if one is to obtain the desired fit
between mating parts
l Clearance
l is no contact by the parts being produced
l Interference
l is a fit where the whole is smaller than the shaft or
item being placed into the hole
Specifying Tolerance and Allowance
l Bilateral Tolerance
l Specified as a plus or minus deviation from the
nominal size
l Unilateral System
l Deviation is in one direction from a basic size
l Limits
l Maximum and minimum dimensions that result from
the application of the designated tolerance
Accuracy vs. Precision in Processes
l Accuracy
l Refers to the ability to hit the aimed for bull’s eye
l Precision
l Relative to the specific measurement being made &
degree of exactness
Basic Parts of Micrometer (Mike)
Are you ready for reading?
Reading 1 (English)
Reading 2 (Vernier Mike; English)