Definisi

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body. These abnormal cells are
termed cancer cells, malignant cells, or tumor cells. These cells can infiltrate normal body tissues. Many
cancers and the abnormal cells that compose the cancer tissue are further identified by the name of the
tissue that the abnormal cells originated from (for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal
cancer)

Epidemiologi

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million
deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer.

Risk factor

Age
Alcohol
Cancer-Causing Substances
Chronic Inflammation
Diet
Hormones
Immunosuppression
Infectious Agents
Obesity
Radiation
Sunlight
Tobacco

Staging of cancer
TNM system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
How large is the primary tumor? Where is it located? (Tumor, T)

Has the tumor spread to the lymph nodes? If so, where and how many? (Node, N)

Has the cancer spread to other parts of the body? If so, where and how much? (Metastasis, M)

Common signs and symptoms

1. Pain
2. Weight loss without trying
3. Fatigue.
4. Fever
5. Changes in your skin
6. Sores that don’t heal.
7. Cough or hoarseness that doesn’t go away.
8. Unusual bleeding.
9. Anemia
7 tips to reduce your risk
1. Don't use tobacco
2. Eat a healthy diet
3. Maintain a healthy weight and be physically active
4. Protect yourself from the sun
5. Get vaccinated
6. Avoid risky behaviors
7. Get regular medical car