Garibalidi 
: Nationalist leader of red Willheim I: Prussia Leader, unified
shirt army
Cavour: Prime minister of Piedmnt
Mazzini: Young Nationalist of Italian
movement
Victor Emmanuel II: Future king of
Goals: To get rid of foreign rule
and unify North under Piedmont-
Sardinia and add the South
Plan: by using "Realpolitik" and
nationalism to give more
strength to Piedmont-Sardinia
First the movement in 1848 of Young
Italy - The war between Italy and
Austria for independence - Domino
Effect, causing many revolts -Red
shirts gained some states -Seven
weeks war -Prussian war
1860 – In Naples, Garibaldi and
Emmanuel agree to unification
1861 - Emmanuel is confirmed to
be the king of Italy (Met in Turin)
Outcomes: There were social,
political, and economical issues
like rivalries among regions,
unemployment, low standards of
living, no experience with self-
government, and problems
regarding language and
Germany by being the first Kaiser
Willheim II: Germany Kaiser, forced
Bismark to resign
Otto Von Bismarck: Prussia’s prime
minister, unified Germany by being
the first chancellor
Goals: to unify German people under
the rule of Prussia without Austria
Plan: By using "Realpolitik" which are
politics based of practical
considerations instead of moral or
ideological; by using also nationalism
to give strength to Prussia, and by
forming different alliances
 In 1854 the Danish war
 In 1866 Seven weeks war
 then the Northern German
confederation was created
 In 1870 the franco Prussian
war
1871 – Germany state meet at the
Palace of Versailles in the hall of
mirrors
Declaration of the second Reith,
limitation of the constitutional
monarchy
after German unification
Germany expanded the empire
and its influence all around the
world, making it even become a
military and industrial power.
There was an Industrialization, a
militarization, and several
reforms