The Passive Voice

U engleskom jeziku često se upotrebljavaju pasivne rečenice. U takvim rečenicama

subjekat nije vršilac radnje, već se radnja vrši na subjektu.

They sent the letter. Oni su poslali pismo.

Subjekat they izvršio je radnju u rečenici. Ova rečenica je aktivna.
The letter was sent. Pismo je poslato.
Subjekat the letter nije izvršio radnju te rečenice, već se radnja izvršila na njemu. Ova
rečenica je pasivna.
Da bi se jedna rečenica prebacila u pasivnu, ona mora u sebi da sadrži prelazni glagol
(transitive verb), a samim tim i objekat.
They arrived late. – cannot be made passive.

 Pasiv se gradi od odgovarajućeg oblika pomoćnog glagola to be i past participa

glavnog glagola. Oblik pomoćnog glagola to be zavisi od vremena u kojem je data
aktivna rečenica i od lica u kojem se subjekat nalazi.
To be (send)
Present Simple am/ is/ are (sent)
Present Continuous am/ is/ are being (sent)
Past Simple was/ were (sent)
Past Continuous was/ were being (sent)
Present Perfect have/ has been (sent)
Past Perfect had been (sent)
Future Tense will/ shall be (sent)
Tense Subject Verb be Past Participle
Present Simple Letters are delivered twice a day.
Present Continuous The suspect is being questioned by the police.
Past Simple The programme was first broadcast in 1998.
Past Continuous Our hotel room was being cleaned when we arrived.
Present Perfect My car has been stolen.
Past Perfect They had been warned about the danger.
Future You will be paid on Friday.
Going to Future The building is going to be demolished.
Future Perfect This project will have been finished by next month.
 Aktivne rečenice prebacujemo u pasivne na taj način što direktni objekat aktivne
rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne. Glagol to be stavljamo u ono vrijeme u kojem je
data aktivna rečenica, dodajemo past particip, i na kraju rečenice, eventualno, i vršioca
radnje kojeg uvodi prepozicija by.
Da li ćemo na kraju pasivne rečenice dodati vršioca radnje zavisi od toga koliko je on
precizno dat u aktivnoj rečenici i koliko je bitan za dati kontekst. Posebno ne treba
pominjati vršioce radnje kakvi su: people, someone, somebody, they, you, itd.

 Pasiv se upotrebljava:

1. Kada je vršilac radnje nepoznat

His car was stolen last night. (Somebody stole his car last night.)

2. Kada vršilac radnje nije važan ili ne želimo da ga pomenemo

The boy will be taken to the hospital. (They will take the boy to the hospital.)

3. Kada se vršilac radnje podrazumijeva

Books are made of paper.

4. Kada se stavlja akcenat na vršioca radnje

The new museum will be opened by the Queen.

 Pasiv se prevodi:

1. Aktivnom rečenicom
My drawer has been opened. Neko je otvorio moju fioku.

2. Povratnim glagolom
Foreign languages are taught all over the world.
Strani jezici uče se po cijelom svijetu.

3. Pasivom
This book was translated two years ago.
Ova knjiga je prevedena prije dvije godine.

 Nekada se dešava da aktivna rečenica u svom sastavu ima dva objekta: indirektni
(uvijek predstavlja neko lice) i direktni.
U ovim situacijama za subjekat pasivne rečenice možemo uzeti bilo koji od ova dva
objekta. Ipak, duhu engleskog jezika više odgovara da indirektni objekat postane
subjekat pasivne rečenice.

 Somebody sent my daughter (i.o.) a box of sweets. (d.o.)

A box of sweets was sent to my daughter. My daughter was sent a box of sweets.
 Rečenice koje za svoj predikat imaju modal, prebacuju se u pasiv tako što taj
modal prihvata iza sebe infinitiv be. (modal+be+past participle)

- We must cook this meat for at least an hour.

This meat must be cooked for at least an hour.

*U prošlom vremenu – modal+have been+past participle

- My computer should have been repaired last week.

 have/ get something done – ovu konstrukciju upotrebljavamo kada neko drugi vrši
radnju umjesto subjekta.

- I'm having my hair cut this afternoon.

- We had our house painted last month.
- Tom had his car stolen last week.
*U neformalnom govoru umjesto glagola have može se upotrebiti glagol get.
 Pasiv: infinitiv i -ing forma
- Passive -ing forms (nakon glagola i fraza koji su praćeni -ing oblikom, npr.
can't stand, don't mind, enjoy, like, love, itd)

She loves being given flowers. (being+past participle)

- Passive + infinitive (nakon glagola i fraza nakon kojih stoji to+infinitiv, npr.
can't afford, would like, appear, ask, happen, offer, itd.)

She doesn't want to be told the truth. (to be+past participle)