REVIEW UNITS 9-14

GRAMMAR UNIT 14

PASSIVE VOICE RELATIVE CLAUSES: D/ND

• Simple present: • RELATIVE CLAUSES
• SINGULAR: is + past participle • Use who for people
• PLURAL: are + past participle • Use which for things
• Modals (must, could, can, • DEFINING
should, will, may, might, would) • You can use that for people/thing
• BASE FORM: be + past participle • NO COMMAS
• Modals for necessity/obligation • NON-DEFINING
(need, have) • Don’t use that
• INFINITIVE: to be + past participle • COMMAS
GRAMMAR UNIT 13

CERTAINTY IN PAST JUDGMENTS/SUGGESTIONS IN PAST

MODAL+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE MODAL+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE (3rd)
• Must Judgment
• Could
• May
• You/He/She/They should have PP
• Might Suggestion
• You/He/She/They could have PP
Extra: Certainty in present Suggestion
MODAL + BASE FORM • I would have PP
VOCABULARY
UNIT 14
• FILM/TV: storyboard artist, talk show
host, stunt person, camera operator,
film editor, movie producer
• PUBLISHING: editorial director, news
photographer, web content manager,
graphic designer, gossip columnist,
photo editor, foreign correspondent
• GAMING: game animator, gameplay
programmer, quality assurance
analyst
• MUSIC: band manager, club DJ,
songwriter
UNIT 13
• An assumption: suposición
• A criticism: crítica
• A demand: exigencia
• An excuse: pretexto
• A prediction: predicción
• A suggestion: sugerencia
• A suspicion: sospecha
• A warning: advertencia
GRAMMAR UNIT 12
PURPOSE
• In order to verb, Ind Clause.
• To verb, Ind Clause.
• In order for noun to verb, Ind
Clause.
• For noun to verb, Ind Clause.
REASONS
• BECAUSE/SINCE + subject +verb
• BECAUSE OF + noun/noun
phrase
• FOR + noun/noun
phrase/gerund
• DUE TO + noun/noun phrase
(this shows a negative context)
 GRAMMAR UNIT 11
TIME CLAUSES
Time clause + simple past, Ind Clause
• INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:
• Before: Simple past/Past perfect
• Until: Simple past/Past perfect
• By the time: Simple past/Past perfect
• After: Simple past
• Once/As soon as: Simple past
• The moment: Simple past
REGRETS/HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS
MODAL+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
Regret
• I/We should have PP
Hypothetical (3rd conditional)
• If subject Past Perfect, subject
would/could have PP
GRAMMAR UNIT 10

ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS OF TIME FUTURE

• PAST • PREDICTIONS
• ago • Subject + will + base form
• in/during • ACTIONS IN PROGRESS
• for • Subject + will + be + ving
• from-to
• COMPLETED ACTIONS
• PRESENT PERFECT • Subject + will + have + pp
• for
• since
GRAMMAR UNIT 9

CAUSATIVES SUGGESTIONS IN PRESENT

• OBJECT • MODALS
• Subject (person with a requirement) Should/Could
have/get object past participle. • QUESTIONS
• AGENT • NEGATIVE
• Subject (person with a requirement) Why don’t you…?
have agent base form object. • GERUNDS
• Subject (person with a requirement) Have you thought about…?
get agent infinitive object. • INFINITIVES
One option might be to verb