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Chapter 4 System Development

4.0 INTRODUCTION:
“The process of transferring the proposed system into an executable
program according to design specification is called development. “The conversion
of manual processing system into a computerized system requires the
development of computer program that consist of a convenient framework of
steps. The most complicated and time –consuming job of development phase is
code, debug and test and hence integrate each module to get complete working
software. Each module of program has to do appropriate job according to the
input and output requirement of the system to give better compatibility with the
proposed system. “The process of assuring that the system is an operational and
then allowing user to take over its operations for the use and the evaluation is
called implementation. “From the technical point of view, the implementation is a
crucial step, which simply involves creating compatible files, training the
operating staff and installing the hardware. After the implementation performance
of the system is also evaluated. Development and Implementation phase can be
summarized as collection of the following steps.
 Development of computer programs.

 Implementation and testing of computer program.

 Training personnel.

4.1 TOOL SELECTION


Many problems are faced while understanding the working of the existing
system. Then thought about the compatibility of different software packages or
languages with the solution of the problems, including VB6, VC++, VB.Net,
Java, PHP, MYSQL, Oracle, SQL Server Hence after long careful consideration,
it is decided that Windows 10 is the operating system of choice where computers
are concerned as a single user or multi user machines. It is decided to develop the
Digital Newspaper Portal. In order to develop the portal, MYSQL Server is used
to develop the back end while PHP4 technologies are used to develop the
Program interface and user interface i.e. front end. MYSQL Server, PHP, Java
Script, Bootstrap all are provided under single package WAMP SERVER. PHP

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Program interface and user interface i.e. front end. MYSQL Server, PHP, Java
Script, Bootstrap all are provided under single package WAMP SERVER. PHP
has evolved into an extremely powerful application development too, takes a lot
of complexity out of programming for the windows as well as Linux environment.

4.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:


For the development and designing of website we had used better
hardware for better functioning of the operating system and faster loading of
programs

 Computer used Intel(R) core(TM) i3-2370M CPU @ 2.40GHz, 4.00GB


RAM 500 Hard Disk

 Operating system MS Windows 10


 Source language PHP, HTML, CSS
 DBMS used MYSQL Server
 Tools/ Packages Xaamp, Web Browser, Sublime Text

4.3 CLIENT SIDE TECHNOLOGY:


4.3.1 HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language
for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS),
and JavaScript, it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide
Web. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a webserver or from local
storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the
structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the
appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs,
images and other objects, such as interactive forms may be embedded into the
rendered page. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting
structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and
other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets.
Tags such as <imp /> and <input /> introduce content into the page direct.

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Others such as <p> </p> surround and provide information about document text
and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML
tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing
presentation of a document written in a markup language. Although most often
used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and
XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document, including plain
XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media.
Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most
websites to create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web
applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.CSS is designed
primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This
separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control
in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages
to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and
reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

4.4 SERVER SIDE TECHNOLOGY:


The back end is that portion of the project where the database is
maintained. For the creation and maintenance of a database we need a DBMS the
DBMS selected for this project was MYSQL.

4.5 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:


For communication between HTML and database, personal home page
(PHP) is selected for Digital Newspaper Portal. PHP is easy and light weighted
web development language .CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of
document content from document presentation, including aspects such as the
layout, colors, and fonts. , PHP, Java Script, Bootstrap all are provided under
single package.

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4.5.1 What is PHP?

PHP is a Widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is


especially for development and can be embedded into HTML. The PHP Hypertext
Processor (PHP – yes, the first “P” in the acronym does indeed stands for PHP!)
Allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with database.
PHP application is normally on Linux server and in conjunction with MYSQL
database. It provides those servers with functionality similar to that provide to the
window platform by Active server pages technology.
 PHP Stands for : Hypertext Preprocessor
 PHP is server-side scripting language.
 PHP scripting is executed on server.
 PHP support many Databases (MYSQL, Informix, Oracle, and Sybase, Solid,
POSTGRESQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
 PHP is free to download and use.
 PHP is open source.
 PHP is platform independent language.

PHP FILES:

 PHP files may text, HTML Tags and scripts.


 PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML.
 PHP files have a file extension of “.PHP”, “.PHP3”, “.PHTML”

Why PHP?

PHP runs on different platforms (Window, UNIX, Linux, etc.).


 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIs, etc.).
 PHP is Free to DOWNLODE from the official PHP resources:
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.

PHP Scripting:

HTML elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and
executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write
files, talks to remote server-the possibilities are endless. The rise in popularity of

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elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and executed.
PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write files, talks
to remote server-the possibilities are endless. The output from PHP code is
combine with the HTML in the script and the result send to the user’s web-
browsers, therefore it can never tell the user whether the web-server uses PHP or
not, because the entire browser sees is HTML. PHP’s support for Apache and
MYSQL further increases its popularity. Apache is now the most used web-server
in the world, and PHP can be compiled as an Apache module. MYSQL is a
powerful free SQL database, and PHP provides a comprehensive setoff functions
for working with it. The combination of Apache, MYSQL and PHP is all but
unbeatable. That does not mean that PHP can’t work in other environments or
with other tools in fact, PHP supports an extensive list of databases and web-
servers. The rise in popularity of PHP has coincided with a change of approach in
web-publishing. While in the mid-1990s it was ok to build seated, even relatively
large sites, with hundreds of individual hard-coded HTML pages, today’s
webmasters are making the most of the power of databases to manage their
content more +effectively and to Personalize their sites according to individual
users preferences.

Reasons to use PHP:

There are some indisputable great reason to work with PHP.As an open
source product, PHP is well supported by a talented production team and
committed user community. Furthermore, PHP can be run on all major operating
system with most servers. The speed of development is important because PHP
allows you to separate HTML code from scripted element, you will note
significant decrease in development time on many project. In many instances, you
will be able to separate the coding stage of a project from the design and build
stage. Not only can this make life easier for you as programmer, but it also
remove obstacle that stand in the way of effective and flexible design. . In many
instances, you will be able to separate the coding stage of a project from the
design and build stage. Not only can this make life easier for you as programmer,
but it also remove obstacle that stand in the way of effective and flexible design.

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4.6 MYSQL:
4.6.1 MYSQL Introduction:

‘MYSQL’ the most popular ‘open source’ SQL database management


system is developed, distributed and supported by ‘MYSQL ‘AB’.’MYSQL AB’
is a commercial company, founded by the MYSQL developers that build its
business by providing services around the ‘MYSQL’ database management
system. ‘MYSQL’ is a database management system. A database is a structured
collection of a data. It may be anything from a simple shopping list to a picture
gallery or the vast amount of information in the corporate network. To add,
access, and process data store in a computer database, you need a database
management system such as ‘MYSQL ‘server. Since computer are very good at
handling large amount of data, database, management systems play a central role
in computing, as stand-alone utilities or as part of other application.
 MYSQL is Database server.
 MYSQL is ideal for both small and large application.
 MYSQL support standard SQL.
 MYSQL complies on a number of platforms.
 MYSQL is free to download and use.

4.6.2 Why use The MYSQL database server:

The ‘MYSQL’ database server is very fast, reliable and easy to use. If that
is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. ‘MYSQL’ server also has a
practical set features developed in close cooperation with users. You can find a
performance comparison of ‘MYSQL’ server with other database managers on
our benchmark page. ‘MYSQL’ was originally developed to handle large
database much faster than existing solution and has been successfully use in
highly demanding production environments for several years. A database is a
structured collection of a data. It may be anything from a simple shopping list to a
picture gallery or the vast amount of information in the corporate network. To
add, access, and process data store in a computer database, you need a database
management such as MYSQL.

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4.7 Code/Algorithm of important Modules:

4.7.1 User Login Code:

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(Figure 4-1: User Login Code)

4.7.2 News Category Code:

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(Figure 4-2: News Category Code)

4.7.3 Add News Category Code:

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(Figure 4-3: Add News Category Code)

4.7.4 Edit Category:

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(Figure 4-4: Edit Category Code)

4.7.5 Search Code:

(Figure 4-5: Search Code)

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4.7.6 Manage Category:

(Figure 4-6: Manage Category Code)

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4.7.7 Logout:

(Figure 4-7: Logout Code)

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