Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of| Microorganisms 4.4 Nutrition and Gell Chemistry ~ Supply of menos or preciso a) requrea by os or ot + Mocronuinents ~ Nuon eaurod in lag aneunes + hcconaents ~ Nunes equrd nace sear —— |. Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism (of Microorganisms + 44Nutbon and Co Chemisty + 42cuue Moda + 43 Laborstoy Cute em 2 TT 4.4 Nutrition and Gell Chemistry = Rented by acts = Type bala et SU carton (yy we) hago lot al doses of mrsomeleales Hororephs use ogame ean = Aotops use nagar eon —— 4.4 Nutrition and Cell Chemistry ~The uma ofa chemca actos mat occu Bacal + Calabi reactions fatabalsml = Ensgy-esing tabs rencons + Anabot eaconsfanbolism) = Energy eng metabo reactions + Mos knowiodgo of merebial mtaboksm is based on sey laboratory cutures em 3 TT 4.4 Nutrition and Gell Chemistry + mnogen = Typcal bali cal 12% regen (ovary wat — Koy elonat in pects, acc ads, and anymore cal costesST 4.4 Nutrition and Cell Chemistry + Other Maconutiants = Phosorans (2) = sites) + Vie. iain ot. a Fetessum i) Route by ezyes racy — 4.4 Nutrition and Cell Chemistry + Other Mocronuticnts (coats) = Moavesion a) + Aboud many eyes * Regul by some riots (o9.mane emma 8 << 4.4 Nutition and Cell Chemistry + Grout actors ~ Organs compound equ in sai ‘anours by eetan ogener “ump wr, ee, + Ws commen reaures rom Bc — 4.4 Nutrition and Gell Chemistry ton = Key component foramen Fes Dolan nvobndin electron vane = Unde nor: conatons, genera fous (Fo")om, saute ~ Unde one condos: gona frac (Fe=yfom, ess asimaekble mnt = Gal roc stdeonhoes (en and ‘29215 otlan won fem nso nea famenue ¢2) em 9 ————— 4.2 Culture Media Cuter oa = Nutt soveon seo row mites ‘rola + Two treed castes Dated made reise chemical empsiion ~ Campi med: compose dest of ‘famealy dened adaances eg, yout fndmec acs)———— 4.2 Culture Media + Selective Moda ~ Cora compounds hat solace init (govt sane miactes trot oes ~ Cotas an kal usa te, at ‘tetects part enenical ecto ‘ecu don eo on 3 — 4.3 Laboratory Culture + Micobes are everyere Staion of media tical ~ Asopiecnus stad be alowed 044) 4.2 Culture Media + For sucessful eitvation ofa mcrae, tie ‘mportat to now the nana queen ‘and supty emin prope orm nd proporens 2 cure medium 4.3 Laboratory Culture + Pare cuture: tue containing ony a singe kind ‘otmeote + Contaminant: unwanted organisms ne ore + Cals can be grown in iqud osoid cure mesa Sols mada ae propa by ado of eng ‘gon lar plan) =Innen oun on sod medi, cs fom ated masses clans a 15 —— 4.3 Laboratory Culture + Pure cute tecnniaue = Stak a Figue 45) Pour te = Spread pte19 44 Bioenergetics, + Rosctons wih anegaive 8 Grease fro enemy (exer) + Rascions wi a postive 4G requre nora (encarang) + Tocacuato roe onorgy yl fa reaction, vwehoed to kom te fae ener oxo (Gp be energy ceased ot tequred dung formation of agen moseeue rom he lements) —————— Il, Energetics and Enzymes + 4A Boones + 4Catayss and Enzymes a 20 ———— 4.4 Bioenergetics + For ne reaction A+ 8=C +0, 4 6 = GPICWD)- GHIA] +4 GF not alaays a good estimate of actual oe. +8 6 fro energy that occurs under actual anotiens 3 G=3.Gh+RTWK tere Rand Tae physical constants and K IS te equa constant forte rescton ‘ueston 4.4 Bioonergetics, + Energy scones in uns of ojos), measure or heat energy + inany chemical reaction, seme energy ost heat + Free enaray ()- energy olased thats ‘ratate w do wor + The changein fee oney ding 2 refered nas 8 a a = 4.8 Catalysis and Enzymes + Free energy cakulaons donot provide Inston on reaction ates + Aataon energy: energy requredto bring al roles ma ehomea! eatin ino the Feacino state Figure 48) A cats usualy oquied to beseh ‘tation ergy ore4.5 Catalysis and Enzymes + Enmes (cots) Injese to eee chemical esconsy 10810 10 es sportaraes le = Enyne cuayses £15 = E-S ee E+P Fou 47), ~ Cay dependent on sibs ag Boston ct en eae cana abe << 45 Catalysis and Enzymes + Catat sustance tha Lowers the cation energy of erascion “noses react 6 Does pa alt snes or eauinum ofa << 45 Catalysis and Enzymes + Enrumes Blogs atts — Tea ons come NAS) = Bay pec = Genera perth sus — Tpical yen woak bord ‘nce haope mrcion ~ Aes epn of ray at binds os a 2 << 45 Catalysis and Enzymes + Mary enzymes contain st noprosn molecules {hat partpato cataysis but ato not sustaes + Prose aroun = Bn iy oanzyras Us ind evo and pene (eg. ham oun mcyeehcmes) + coansymes Loosoy buns to eneymes = Nostas deratves of warns (ee NADNADTT Ill Oxidation-Reduction and Eneray- Rich Compounds + 46 odron Donrs and Electron Accoptrs + ATEneray-len Compounds and Eneray ‘Siorage —— ooo, 31 LT 46 Electron Donors and Electron ‘Accoptors + Reduction potent Ex endency to donate ecto Expresso as vals) substances canbe eter elacton doners acceptors unde deen Greumstaces dae oul) Resco substan of redox coupe wh & more negate Ej donates elections foe ‘ized substan ef wrx cola wih more postive Ey cam TT 4.6 Electron Donors and Electron Acceptors + Eneigy rom wedabon-reucton 2408) reactons is used mn sythes or energy-ch tampouras (9, ATP). + Rcoxractions ocurin pis (wo alt 2075 Figure 48) + logon donor he substance oxo na + Elegronaccepor the suostance reduced in a eso reaction Ey —_——— 46 Electron Donors and Electron ‘Acceptors + Te eda toe represent the rege of Dossbie reduction potentials (Faure 49) + Tho duced substance at tho top of ho tower + Tho oxized substance ate boom of he tower accepts electrons + Thofarthar be sloctons “ep” tho greta the amount of ener teased46 Electron Donors and Electron Acceptors + Redox reactions usualy involve reactions twoan normed camer) Prosthet groups ashe ences) ~ Coenzyme) 47 Energy-Rich Compounds and Energy Storage + Chemical ororay released in redox oacions ‘Smarty stored cetain phosphor ‘compounds (Figure 4.12) AT the ane energy cuency — Phosohosaprnnate ~ eucose€prosprato + chemical onegy 0 stored ncxenzyr9 A LS 4.6 Electron Donors and Electron Accaptors. + NAD" and NADH facia eax resctons thou ing consumed they are rye oot) 39 im4.7 Energy-Rich Compounds and Energy Storage + Long 2am ence storage ints insole pohmers ha can bo onde o genera ATP ~ Examples nprokanetss Soyeo3e0| + Poh pmoonpayate aa omer renames ~ Exangis in oukarotes Sach + Us tome) 4B MA IV. Essentials of Catabolism + 48 Gyeohsis + 49. Rostration and Beton Cars + 4.10-The Proton Motve Force + AA1 The Cie Aoi Cyclo + 412 Gato Desay 44 4.8 Glycolysis + Fexmoniad substan bah an leton donor : mse Iiyerho patna txxrmon pate fr catabosn oF uos0 (Paue-414), eri roess ~The ages ———— 4.8 Giycolysis Two reseton sees ae irked to eneray conservation n chemoorganotoph fermentation an rosprabon (gue 413) + bien mochansm of ATP syiasis ~ Eummortaten saps el phosoboyaion, [ATP are syiheseos fom an onary ch ~ Rsgator ousave phospontien ATP jpoaiced fr pon rowo face rad by Irnepart of secrorsST 4.8 Glyoolysis + Breotss Ghee conse wo ATPS roma ~ Ferment pods pneoiod cam 49 — 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers + ADH denwonengses: roe bound ‘nse suse of eyfolasmic metre, ‘actve sao NADH and ao00ts 2 ‘lectrons an? poten tha re pssod to avoprtans + avopotsins: contains tain prosthetic ‘up (eg. FAN, FAD) hat cepts 2 ‘lecons ar 2protens but ont donates the ‘lctons toto nex pron nth chan (Groure 4.15) —— 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers Aerobic Bospvation ‘nator using , 5:0 amin cen apo Fgh AT yet tan formations "ATP pues at a expe of on tru focs wich s gerd cso ospe 50 ne ote orn Nom an oh me ltihe, oncized SS 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers + Elston Teansort Systems Wenteae asocad = Meats of latons ~ Conserve sone fhe eer lee dung {anata nd ise to senza ATP Many cation -edcon enzymes we evo a ‘Socten barat eg. NAOH Joy stegnasss Aavpretans onsale prt, joes) came 31 — 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers + cutoemomes Pre th conan heme greta aps (Foue410) ~ Ae scone ast tec aea — 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers ~ Hyasophatic no ptan containing ‘moketls hal arpa in ocr transport Fue #18) ~ Aecapt lcons an psoas ut pass aeng Socers nly ee 4.9 Respiration and Electron Carriers + fon- Sour Potains Conf res fn and uu (ga 4.17) — Raucsen prantis very dapendng on rarer antposttn of Fo and tons ~ Cary eoctons z 56 4.10 The Proton Motive Force + Electron ranspot system onertedin teepismc membrane so thal odors ae ‘Stparatad tom protons (gute #19) + Becton carts aranged in memévane inorder thor rutin pte +The int eamer nthe chain donates the ‘econ and protans to theta eecron secoptor4.10 The Proton Motive Force + Comper (efociroms te, comple Trestle qureres fo cfachrome oylpcrome ests tcocromes 2 ‘ante, + Comper IV eyochromes 2 an 3 ~Teminal xe, edie 0; 19.0 TT 4.10 The Proton Motive Force + During electron rast, several potas ae released on outside ofthe membrane Protons orate ern NADH ani he socation of war + Results n goreaton of pf gradiont an an ‘lecrochemics pont actos the membrane ho pata mote fe) the sie bocomessectscaly agate ant skaine ~ Thecus becomes ecisly postive and sexe comm 62 ey 4.10 The Proton Motive Force + ATP synthase (ATPase): complex tha comers foton mate co ito ATE two compan (gure 420) Fr muon cease compl fos plasm — Fe f.n conduct ntaretsane chal = Reverse, asst pon mtve ce 4.10 The Proton Motive Force + Complex | NADH quinone extoreductase — FADH donsiese-fo qunens (Complex succinate dehysrogsoase comoten) ~ Bypassos Complex = Foes & and Hom FAD act to ‘anes potCe enpeneee 4.41 The Citric Acid Cycle + Cu aid eve CACY pty ough ‘arch pyruvate completa onzed 19 CO; Toe Sia Stl sep seo pHe)Soness Pe rose mosaics "eased and NADH an FADE getad Pas atey ncaa ad bes + Enegeen sania arbireprsbon tose 3 mm 67 — 4.41 The Citric Acid Cycle “Tne ce ac ce generates many compounds avalable fr besytens purposes axeoutrte and aaette (O84 perso of sever arto sis, ORA aso Fever o possheeraprral, aprcor acoso ~ Sica rea fr yrtesis ot {yocroros, coma oer atapyrok amour. ~ AcetY.Cotracosay for ft acid baste 68 4.42 Calabolic Diversity + Mctooignsis demonstrate a wide range of Inechants fr genera energy (ue 422) = Areb esration = frantic espancn = Chanel = presouopyCe perme 4.12 Catabolic Diversity + Anaerobic Respiaton The use of con acceptors oe han cxynen (ronjart (2029, = Less energy eons compared fo aecbe ~ Dependeroneloctn anspor. goneaten ‘ta poon aie ace, rd ATP RS octaty nn B — \. Essentials of Anabolism + 419 Blosynines of Sugars ana Poyssecsnces + 448 Biosyniness of Amino Ads ana ules + 48 Blosyness of Fatty Aces and Lips + 418 Reguating th Achy ofBisyninatc Enaymes Ce eer} 4.12 Calabolic Diversity, Chemottatogny Uses gan chamas 2s eacton dors Beales nce nyerogen sue (8) myeogen Ge pres von Fe, amen ~ Typealy ast Boon wah oo of organ elon nor ~ Ue ct ange chan an oa mae ~ utowophic uses C0, 8 cabo souce nn 4 4.13 Biosynthesis of Sugars and Polysaccharides + Prokarotie poysacchaies are syneszed from acvated ghcaee (que 423) oboe Sptospeicee (ADP) + Prcusaro gigen Bees ‘ese aon eran Sen ecco, Schram TT 4.12 Catabolie Diversity + Phototrany: uses light as energy sues ~ Beso tm’ ATP ~ Phteatovots: se ATP for assinaton of Cop rvesness = Ehionetotsns se AT oasis ‘Topanc can lr bosyritess ‘Undine inespregucose OPS)—————— 4.13 Biosynthesis of Sugers and Polysaccharides, + Gueonennenesi Faure 4.230) ~ Sines of gcse fom phosphoenol 79 ites P40, per ecnctes Rincon Pe epee nn Feu, Deontonscer —~ On ones exit ute Phorsnecieyte 0: — 4.14 Biosynthesis of Amino Acids and Nucleotides + Biosynthesis of amino acids at rues fn Irvalve long, tulstp palways + Amine i bosynnoss Carbon selene come am ntrmedaes of ‘eae ere aw eye gue 28), — Arar eae by gutine ‘aryogenae gas ayraase (Figure 225) Amino gro raed by tarcaminae and Syne —————— 4.13 Biosynthesis of Sugars and Polysaccharides + Pertses refered by he removal ne ‘afb alm fom a hexose Figure 4230) a a a — som Mga role ; ol itn “ er aco o ston oe na Tete Me ° ool SE ‘caine me mt, (©) canst Ontncy — ogre sparen (dean enema soe 20h” 4.15 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Lipids + Fly ais ae iosytosid an cthons at 2 tine gue 427), eal cmrst AACE red AGP has hegowng ay as a5 bom Symested 4.44 Biosynthesis of Amino Acids end Nucleotides Puro and pyrimidine basynnosos ar comstox + Punnes (gue 428) Adee aa guanine resin cere + Pyne Tie, resi, an wack Si ne : BP pct ns a a ee a7 4.18 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Lipids + In Bactria and Eukaryot nal assembly of Sods inveves aon of faty aac fo oheaal + InArchaes, ids contain phytany si chains stat of ay aces Phyl Bosra disnctFo hatof ‘atoneTT 4.16 Regulating the Activity of Biosynthetic, Enzymes + Two maor mages of enzyme regulon ~ Anau ~ tat 1 C-¢ TT 4.16 Regulating the Activity of Biosynthetic Enzymes + Feeback nhbibon mechanism fr tug ofthe roactons na besihote pathy (Figur 428) ~ End product of ho pathway binds tho fst. ‘Steyr nh pay, es ith fs octty ~ The noted enzyme san alate enzyme (Fae 420) ooo 22 ——— 4.46 Regulating the Activity of Biosynthetic. Enzymes + Some pata conto by rosdnack inion use Hoenayinen + tscorzynss een eran tat cata same eaten bl oe sleet odie eguslry os are 30) sm Starting substrate Tema) enoieB | or——— 4.46 Regulating the Activity of Biosynthetic Enzymes + Biostetc enzymes can aso b regula by ‘covalent motors Rulon mobos asl noice atctedo ‘removed tent poten gue 39). Rese concn hang hat PS ety ‘errhosehats AMP) adsosne apse Ger rane Fm ‘ows —— =a OC