LED Drivers and Driving Principles

LED – Drivers and driving principles
Raanan Segal – Senior FAE
Dec 2011
Clocks & Data Management Confidential Proprietary

Agenda
 Market overview
 LED driving basics
 LED drivers
 Linear approach
 SMPS approach
• DC/DC
• Battery powered
• AC/DC
 Other solutions
Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

MARKET

Expansion into Emerging Applications
Growth in Lighting reinforced by synergies with efficient Power Supplies
LED Lighting
• $3.1B LED Lighting Driver Market

in 2012 (24% CAGR)
• Growth Drivers
• LED backlighting in large LCD
panels; LCD-TV and notebooks
• General lighting and illumination
• Automotive lighting

Broad Range of LED Applications
Neon Replacement
Offline LED
Drivers (Ballasts)
1000 Camera Off Grid Street
Flash
Street / Area Lights
LED Driver Current (mA)
Dental
Curing Architectural
Emergency Vehicle
Bulb Replacement
100 MR-16
Torchlight
Fluorescent Replacement
LCD-TV Backlight
Channel
Traffic Signals
MP3 Cellphone
10 Addressable Display
RCL Notebook Task Lighting
0.9 to 7V 7 to 60 V 60 to 700 V
Operating Voltage (V)

DRIVING BASICS

Why do we need electronics to drive LEDs?
Ic To generate and control
the current going through the
Light Emitting Diode!
Switching Regulator Linear Regulator

= =
Power efficiency Ease of use

Normalized Luminous Flux Operating Relationship
1 2
3) Higher
power raises Tj,
1) Increasing drive 3
current, increases flux
reduces flux (light out)
2) Higher
current,
increases Vf & power

Thermal Management is critical for Power LEDs
• LED failure criteria (L70) is when light output drops to 70% of initial value
Cree White XR-E Lamp Long Term Lumen
Maintenance Projections @ If = 700mA
100
90
.
% Luminous Flux
80
70
115 105 95 85 75 65 55
Junction Temperature
60
1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Time (hours)

Challenges of Driving LEDs
All are
White LEDs
– Forward voltage varies by color, current & temperature Nichia Rigel NJSW036AT
– “Color point” shifts with current and temperature, more pronounced with Red and Amber

Issues in driving LEDs from a voltage source
• LEDs have a very steep V/I curve
DC Voltage
Source • Forward voltage of LEDs have wide variation,
Vf typically >1V from lot-to-lot
(+/- X %)
• Current does not share evenly between LEDs
• Driving an LED from a fixed voltage without a

constant current regulator will result in
dramatic differences in LED current
Example of Iout as a function of Vf for an Amber

OSRAM Golden Dragon®
100 mV difference in Forward voltage results in an

approximately 100mA change in Current
Effectively a 5% change in voltage results in a 40%

change in current!

LED DRIVERS

Switching Regulators
Vin
L
C
PWM
Linear Regulator IC
Rset R
Vin High efficiency
CCR Application specific
(Constant Current Regulator)
Set Point
sockets
Vin Vin
Highest Cost
Rset High EMI
Resistors
Vin Current regulation ±2%
Multi line
Over power self regulating
R R No EMI issues
Rset •
Moderate cost
Low efficiency
R
Low cost
Lowest cost No EMI issues Analog Power Management Circuits
No EMI issues Wide voltage range and Standard Components:
Voltage dependant Power efficient package Mosfets
Lowest efficiency Protects LEDs Rectifiers
LED binning AEC –Q101 Qualified Logic
LED Thermal runaway Low efficiency Small Signal, Zener.

LINEAR DRIVERS

CCR – Value Proposition
Vin
CCR vs. Resistor ± 50%
50 ILED
45 Protection at High Voltage
40 ± 15% or
35 ±10% ILED
Ireg
30 CCR
Brighter at low voltage
LED mA
I-ccr
25
I-res
Vin 20
15 Constant brightness over

Critical Operating Region
10
5 Regulator ΔI/ΔV (mA/V) -0.06

R Resistor ΔI/ΔV (mA/V) 3.57
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Run V
Features Benefits
Regulated current • Constant brightness over wide voltage range
• Protects LEDs from over drive at higher input voltage
• Brighter LEDs at lower input voltage
• Reduces or eliminates LED binning inventory
• Lower overall solution cost
45V max operating voltage • Withstands battery load dump
Power packages (SOD123/SOT223/DPAK) • Operates in harsh thermal environment (85oC still air)
Negative temperature coefficient • Protects devices & LED
Simple design/NO EMI generation • Less complexity

Constant Current Regulators - Overview
• Developing a portfolio of constant current regulators in 2-terminal,
3-terminal to provide a simple & cost effective solution for
regulating current in LEDs
• Target Markets 2-Terminal

– Automotive Fixed Output
10mA – 350mA
– Neon Replacement VAK = 45V
– Transportation Signs
– Backlighting of Displays
– Architectural Lighting
– Indicators
3-Terminal
Adjustable Output
20mA – 160mA
VAK = 45V

Landscape lighting
LED circuit with CCRs (Constant Current Regulator)
300 mA 12.0 V
13 V A/C
3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V
3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V

25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA
CCR keeps all LEDs

operating at the same
current
CCR protects LEDs Voltage drop across long
from voltage spikes Landscape lighting cable
(150 Ft)
10.0 V 11.0 V
3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V
3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V

25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA

CCRs from ON Semiconductor
SOD-123 & SMC & SOT-223 &
SC-74
SOT-223 D-PAK D-PAK
Parameters
Max Anode to Cathode Voltage (VAK) 45V 50V 45V 45V

Voltage Overhead 1.8 V 2.0 V 1.8 V 1.8 V
Adjustable
Adjustable
Fixed Fixed 20 - 40 mA
PWM
Constant Current Ireg @ Vak = 7.5V 10, 15, 20, 25 & 350 mA 35 - 70 mA
19 – 40 mA ADJ
30 mA 60 – 100 mA
90 – 160 mA
Current Tolerance over Voltage ± 15%, ±10% ± 10% ± 15% ± 15%
Max Junction Temperature 150oC 175oC 150oC 150oC
Power Dissipation ( 25oC) 463, 1389 mW 4,225 mW 1389, 2400 mW 520 mW
Power Dissipation ( 85oC) 230, 750 mW 2,535 mW 750, 1270 mW 270 mW
ESD Rating: HBM – 1C > 1kV > 2kV > 2kV > 2kV
WWW.ONSEMI.COM – search CCR

Constant Current Regulator Demo
The demonstration will consist of two trailer lights,
each light has 12 LEDs
Left light Right light

Biased by 4 Biased by 4
resistors CCRs
YouTube Video “Advantages of Constant Current Regulators (CCR) in Driving LEDs”

Demo – Resistor drive circuit
Target current for 4 strings = 120 mA at 13.5 V

Demo – CCR drive circuit
Total current for 4 strings = 120 mA

9.2 V input – Resistor circuit is at 51 mA, CCR is at 96 mA
almost double resistor circuit. LEDs in CCR light are
proportionally brighter

13.1 V input – Resistor circuit is at 112 mA, CCR is at 119
mA and is in regulation. The LED brightness is almost the
same.

18.5 V input – Resistor circuit is at 197 mA, CCR is at 121
mA, continues in regulation. LEDs in Resistor light are
proportionally brighter. LEDs in the CCR light are protected

Example of CCR Circuits
Driving Multiple LED Strings
10 V
10 V
2V 2V 2V 2V 2V 2V
2V 2V 2V 2V 2V
2V
2V 2V 2V
2V 2V 2V
Circuit A Circuit B
LEDs forward voltage must be match LEDs need not be matched
High power dissipation in one package Power dissipated multiple packages
High current in other strings if one fails No impact if one string fails
CCR can be high or low side CCR can be high or low side

24 V
CCRs in parallel driving 3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

higher current LED string
3.4V 3.4V 3.4V
3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

• Higher current can be
achieved by connecting
multiple CCRs in parallel 3.4V 3.4V 3.4V
• 20 + 30 = 50 mA
3.4V 3.4V 3.4V
• The LEDs are cross 3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

connected to help with
power sharing
20 mA 30 mA
50 mA

12 V
CCRs in parallel driving
higher current LED string
3.1V
• Higher current can be

achieved by connecting 3.1V
multiple Adjustable CCRs in
parallel
3.1V
160 mA 160 mA
• 160 + 160 = 320 mA
• Using Adjustable CCRs

allows specific current setting 320 mA
R Adjust
• Power in R-Adjust < 150 mW

Dimming with external BJT
2V TON TOFF
2V TS
2V TON TON
Duty Cycle = Duty Ratio = D = =
TON TOFF TS
TOFF TOFF
D' = 1 - D = =
TON TOFF TS
Typical PWM frequency for LED

dimming is 0.1 – 3 kHz
(Tested to 20 kHz)
Color does not shift since LED is always

“ON” at optimum current

Direct A/C Line LED circuit with CCR TP 1
Current Loop
TP 2
A/C 110 V RMS
100 Ω
25 mA 3.52V
3.52V
3.52V
TP 1 - 156 V P-P
TP2 - LEDs 108 V, 52% On
Current probe 25 mA 30 LEDs
3.52V
Application
Note 3.52V
AND8433/D 3.52V

Direct A/C Line LED circuit with CCR
NSI45035JZT1G
A/C 120 V RMS 4 x MUR160
3.2V
4Ω 42 LEDs 3.2V
3.2V
Application Note AND8433/D
Input Power Power Factor Driver Board Lux

CCR Direct A/C with LEDs 7.1 W 0.92 5 parts 3,010
Fluorescent with Electronic 13.2 W 0.55 42 Parts 2,950
Ballast

T8 Tube Light using LEDs (110 V AC)
Buck Driver Board

19 components on 2 sides of PCB
Estimated BOM cost $2.63
CCR Driver Board CCR – NSI45090DDT4G

7 components on 1 side of PCB (Diode Bride is two dual diode packages)
Estimated BOM cost $1.13
Power Total Power in Power Efficiency Light Light noise

Factor Harmonic (W) out (W) (calculated) Output (EMI)
Distortion (Lux)
Buck 0.82 49.1 9.4 7.3 78% 6500 High (15%)
Driver
CCR 0.86 30.3 13.0 8.2 63% 7100 Low (2%)
Driver

CCR Sample Kits
•CCR Sample Kits
•Contain 5 samples each
of:
•Fixed Constant Current
•NSI45030AT1G 45 V 30mA SOD-123
•NSI45025AT1G 45 V 25mA SOD-123
•NSI45020AT1G 45 V 20mA SOD-123
•NSI45030AZT1G 45 V 30mA SOT-223
•NSI50010YT1G 50 V 10mA SOD-123
•Resistor Adjustable Current

•NSI45090DDT1G 50 V 90mA - 160mA DPAK
•NSI45060DDT1G 50 V 60mA - 100mA DPAK
•NSI45035DZT1G 50 V 35mA - 70mA SOT-223
•NSI45020DZT1G 50 V 20mA - 40mA SOT-223
•1210SMD 10Ω ½ W 1% resistor
•SOD-123 & SOT-223/DPAK mounting

boards
•CD containing
•CCR Presentation
CCRKIT/S – Contact you local ON Semiconductor sales •Video Demo
office or local ON Semiconductor distributor •Application notes
•Data Sheets

CCR Evaluation Board
4.5 inches
•CCR Evaluation Board
•Contain samples of:
Seoul Semi Seoul Semi •Fixed Constant Current
C8WT728 SZ20360
•NSI45030AT1G 45 V 30mA SOD-123
•NSI45020AT1G 45 V 20mA SOD-123
•Resistor Adjustable Current
4.5 inches
•NSI45090JDT4G 45 V 90mA - 160mA DPAK
•NSI45060JDT4G 45 V 60mA - 100mA DPAK
•NSI45035JZT1G 45 V 35mA - 70mA SOT-223
•Seoul Semi C8WT728 LEDs 20-30mA

NSI45035JZT1G
(35 – 70 mA, •Seoul Semi SZ20360 LEDs 320-400mA
SOT-223)
NSI45060JDT4G •Four Steering/Bridge Diodes

(60 mA –100mA,
NSI45020AT1G
DPAK)
(20 mA, SOD-123) • Input: 9 – 24V AC/DC
NSI45030AT1G
•Easy to use
(30 mA, SOD-123) •Jumper Operation
NSI45090JDT4G
NSI45030AZT1G (90 - 160 mA, •Jumper Flow Diagram
(30 mA, SOT-223) DPAK) •Online Jumper Decision models
•Use in your circuit (pin-out)
CCRGEVB – Contact you local ON Semiconductor sales •Multi-String Operation
office or local ON Semiconductor distributor •Array of Test Points
•Multiple Ground Pins
•Adequate Heat Sink PCB

Linear Addressable Drivers
•Designed for large LED video

•Indoor / outdoor displays
•Billboards
•Marquees
•Instrument displays
•Roadway signage

Addressable Signage

HB LED Drivers for Architectural Applications
Linear LED Drivers – Serial Interface Display Drivers
Total IOUT
Part VDD VIN (max) Dimming Package
Number [V] [V] LEDs [mA] Interface (size in mm) Applications
Architectural, Automotive,
CAT4101 3.0 – 5.5 25 8 1000 PWM TO-263–5
Landscape, General Lighting
Multi-color Intelligent LED
CAT4103 175 mA 4-Wire
3.0 – 5.5 25 8x3 SOIC–16 architectural Lighting
New per string Serial
with per string current control
CAT4104 175 mA SOIC–8 & 2x3 Architectural, Backlighting,
3.0 – 5.5 25 8x4 PWM
New per string mm TQFN General Lighting
Individual Conventional LED Visual

CAT4109 175 mA
3.0 – 5.5 25 8x3 PWM per SOIC–16 Effects, Architectural Lighting
New per string
string with per string current control

CAT4109 3-channel RGB LED Driver
• Features
– 3 independent current sinks rated 25V
– LED Current to 175mA per channel set by separate external resistors
– Three independent PWM control inputs
– High-frequency PWM dimming via Output Enable (OE) / BLANK
Block Diagram Typical Application

1 Amp, Linear LED Driver
CAT4101
• Simple solution for automotive, architectural, landscape and general LED
lighting applications
• Linear-based LED driver does not require inductor, eliminating noise, minimizing
component count and simplifying design.
• Functionality
– High voltage channel (up to 25 V LED strings)
– User adjustable to 1 Amp LED Drive (RSET)
– High-Speed PWM Dimming to 200 kHz (High resolution)
– „Instant On‟ PWM control mode
• Packaging: 5-lead TO-263
Typical Application Circuit

Pin Configuration

NCV7680 Linear Current Regulator for Automotive
LED Rear Combination Lamps
Features
• Constant current outputs for LED string drive
• Open LED string diagnostic with open−drain output
• Slew rate control eliminates EMI concerns
• Low drop-out operation for pre−regulator applications
• External modulation capable
• On−chip 1 kHz tail PWM dimming
• Single resistor for stop current set point
• Single resistor for tail dimming set point
• Over-voltage and over-temperature set back power limitation

DC/DC

LED drivers topologies
Vin Vout
Load
(R) BUCK
Vout = D Vin
Vin Vout
Load
(R) BOOST
1
Vout = Vin
D'
Vin Vout
Load
(R) INVERTER
-D
Vout = Vin
D'

NCP/NCV3065/6 – Multi-mode LED Driver
Buck / Boost / SEPIC / Inverter NCP3066
• Integrated 1.5 A Switch

• Input Voltage Range from 3.0 to 40 V
• Low Feedback Voltage of 235 mV
• Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit
• No Control Loop Compensation Required
• Frequency of Operation Adjustable up to 250 kHz
• Operation With All Ceramic Output Capacitors or No Output
Capacitance
• Analog and Digital PWM Dimming Capability
• Internal Thermal Shutdown with Hysteresis
• NCV Automotive version available
• NCP/NCV3066 has Enable pin

NCP3066 Boost LED Configuration
Open LED
Protection
AND8289 discusses
Dimming Performance
boost LED Driver Circuits
NCP3066SCBSTGEVB Demo Board

BUCK-BOOST Solution

Basics of Burst Mode
Output
V reg Ripple
Oscillator
Digital
Vout Error
Signal
Output
Pulses
Vref
Oscillator
Pulses
• Oscillator operates at a fixed frequency and a fixed duty cycle,

similar to a voltage mode PWM
• Switching pulses are added/removed or width modulated by the main

latch based on whether the output is above or below the nominal
• The output ripple will contain switching frequency ripple as well as

lower frequency ripple due to the gating circuit

Non-Bursting Operation
Ct
Osc
Internal
FB Comp
Trip Level
Vfb
Output
Switch
• Switching Only at the Ct frequency

Current mirror
Current mirror circuit monitors the current through R1 and provides feedback
to NCP3155 controller to adjust PWM

NCP1034 Sync Rec Buck Driver
• HV Synchronous Rectification Buck Controller
•High Voltage Operating up to 100 V

•Programmable Switching Frequency up to 500 kHz
•2 A Output Drive Capability
•Programmable Soft−Start
•Programmable Overcurrent Protection
•Programmable Undervoltage Protection
•Hiccup Current Limit Using MOSFET RDS(on) Sensing
•External Frequency Synchronization

BATTERY POWERED –
LOW VOLTAGE

Mobile Lighting
Very Low DC Voltage
Inductive Boost Topology
Light Management IC
Charge Pump Topology Linear Topology

LED Drivers – Charge Pump
CAT3648
Typical Application Circuit

LED Driver Example
Charge Pump - CAT3604
Current
regulated in
each channel to
ensure matching
(current matching =
brightness matching)

Li-Ion Battery
Discharge Curve
BATTERY VOLTAGE-CAPACITY PROFILE
4.2
BATTERY VOLTAGE [V]
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
CAPACITY USED [mA.h]
Time

Li-Ion Discharge Curve
BATTERY VOLTAGE-CAPACITY PROFILE
4.2
BATTERY VOLTAGE [V]
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
At all times
CAPACITYthe
USEDcurrent
[mA.h] needs to be
regulated to control LED brightness

What is Quad-Mode™?
• Award-winning, patented new
charge pump architecture:
– 4-modes for higher efficiency

• 1x mode
• 1.5x mode
• 2x mode
PLUS
• 1.33x mode
– With no additional capacitor

Highest Efficiency
1.3x mode provides 10% efficiency improvement over much of the battery life

Adding a 4th Mode
Conventional Charge Pump Architecture
• The conventional approach to adding a 4th mode requires:

– One more capacitor (3 flying capacitors instead of the 2 for tri-mode)
– Higher pin-count packages to connect to additional capacitor
• 2 extra pins
– Result:
• Higher cost solution
• Larger size
Conventional 1.33x
charge pump requires
3 external flying capacitors

Catalyst Quad-Mode™ Architecture
Catalyst 1.33x
charge pump
requires only
2 flying
capacitors
Calculation of the output voltage:
– Phase 1 “charge”: VIN = VC1 + VC2

– Phase 2 “pump”: VIN + VC1 = VOUT
– Phase 3 “pump”: VIN - VC1 + VC2 = VOUT
– (2) (3) 2VC1 = VC2 ,

– (1) VIN = VC1 + 2VC1 = 3 VC1 , so (2) VOUT = VIN + 1/3 VIN = 4/3 VIN  1.33 VIN

Quad-Mode™ vs. Tri-mode
CAT3644 Tri-mode Vendor A

4.2 180 4.2 180
BATTERY VOLTAGE [V]
BATTERY VOLTAGE [V]

4.0 160 4.0 160
INPUT CURRENT [mA]
INPUT CURRENT [mA]

1.33x Mode 1.5x Mode
3.8 140 3.8 140
3.6 120 3.6 120
3.4 100 3.4 100

1x Mode 1x Mode
3.2 80 3.2 80
3.0 60 3.0 60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ELAPSED TIME [hrs] ELAPSED TIME [hrs]
Driving 4 LEDs at 20mA
CAT3644 extends battery life by 10%

3 & 4 Channel LED Driver, 32 Levels
CAT3647 & CAT3648
CAT3648
• Features Typical Application Circuit
– High Resolution Dimming 32 linear
steps
– CAT3648 drives 4 LEDs at 25mA
– CAT3647 drives 3 LEDs at 30mA
– High efficiency Quad-mode charge
pump: 1x, 1.33x, 1.5x, 2x
– RSET resistor sets max current
• Protection
EN/DIM Dimming Timing Diagram
– Soft start and current limiting
– Short circuit protection
– Thermal shutdown protection
• Package
– 16-lead TQFN 3mm x 3mm

6 Channel Programmable LED Driver
CAT3637
1µF 1µF
• Features
– Drives up to 6 LEDs between VIN
C1- C1+ C2- C2+
VOUT
30mA to 0mA VIN VOUT
– Quad-Mode High efficiency 2.5V CIN

to COUT
1µF CAT3637 LED1
charge pump 5.5V
LED2 1µF
– 2mA steps, 15 levels LED3

LED4
– No external resistor
1-Wire
EN/SET LED5
Programming
LED6
• Protection GND
– Soft start and current limiting

– Short circuit and thermal
shutdown protection EN/SET Dimming Timing Diagram
• Package
– 3x3mm
– 16-pin TQFN

NCP5050 – Flash/Torch driver
Simplified
Block Diagram • Capable of providing 4.5W from
a single Li-Ion Battery
• 1.7 MHz switching frequency

allows small inductor
• Compact 3x3mm package
• Two Level current for torch and

camera flash mode
• Integrated 1.2 sec safety timer

NCP5050
Evaluation for cellphone camera flash
Board applications

CAT3224 Applications
• Super capacitor based LED camera flash in:
– Cell phones; stand alone cameras
• Industrial applications:
– replace xenon-based lighting with LEDs (e.g. emergency lighting)
CAT3224 Typical Application Circuit CAT3224 Demo Board

CAT4134 - Inductive Boost Flash LED Driver
• Functionality
– Adjustable control of
Movie/Flash LED current
– Drives 2, 3, 4 or 6 LEDs
– High LED current
• 250mA max per channel
• High Efficiency
• Low Noise
– Dual frequency modes:
1.2MHz and 900kHz
• Fully Protected

NCP5890 – Single Chip LCD & Keypad backlight
I2C Control
- built-in Gradual Dimming White LEDs
for LCD backlight
3 Independent
Auto-adjust PWM dimming
LCD backlight Control – drive WLED
or RGB LED
for fun lighting or
keypad backlight

AC/DC

Isolated Topology by Power Range
LLC HB resonant topology
forward
Flyback is the best choice for

Low power and LLC is best
choice for highest efficiency
flyback

Typical Off-Line schematic
Discretes
•Diodes
•MOS transistors
Stable
Power DC
Power MOSFETs current
Input Power
Factor Transformer
rectification for isolated
Correction Controller topology
PFC required ICs

for Power>25W
ON offers
220v both
Alternating Analog ICs
•PFC: environmental friendly
the Analog ICs
voltage
•Controllers (PWM, PFM…) and
•Switchers (controller and MOS in 1 IC) the Discretes

Example: 5W NCP1013 Offline LED Driver
Reference Design
• Compact design for up to 5W – 350, 700mA or

1A with simple resistor change (R3/4)
• Open LED clamp at 10V, short circuit protected
• Direct HV operation, no auxiliary winding
• Universal Input (90-265 Vac)

Tapped Inductor Approach
Extends Duty Cycle, Increase Iout

Harmonic Content Standards (PF)
Class C Class B IEC61000-3-2

YES YES
> 25W
NO NO
Lighting Three Phase
Portable Tool?
Equipment? Equipment?
NO
YES
Special YES YES

Motor
Waveform
Equipment? Class A
P<=600W?
NO
NO Class D

Power Factor Correction Options
High Voltage DC node
Single stage
PFC
Controller
Secondary Side control

is not draw for simplicity

NCL30000 Basic Application Diagram

100-300 W CRM/LLC High Power
Streetlight Supply
NCP1397

MORE SOLUTIONS

50k hours of LED life is great but ….
Occasionally there can be failures

Caused by. . . Some Application Are. . .
LED infant mortality  Mission Critical
Assembly Partial Defects  Safety Dependent
Transients  Difficult Access

NUD4700 LED Shunt Protection
Current
Source
Protects operation in the event
Of an open LED fault
Supports >1A with proper heat

sinking
NUD4700 in
PowerMite Package

How it works
Current
Source1
Current path with one open LED
Active
Shunt
If LED operating then . . .

 Approx 100uA leakage
If LED open then . . .

 Shunt path activates
 Approx 1.0 volt drop

Brochure
BRD8034


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LED – Drivers and driving principles

Raanan Segal – Senior FAE

Clocks & Data Management Confidential Proprietary

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

• $3.1B LED Lighting Driver Market

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Switching Regulator Linear Regulator

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

• Current does not share evenly between LEDs

• Driving an LED from a fixed voltage without a

Example of Iout as a function of Vf for an Amber

100 mV difference in Forward voltage results in an

Effectively a 5% change in voltage results in a 40%

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

15 Constant brightness over

5 Regulator ΔI/ΔV (mA/V) -0.06

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

• Target Markets 2-Terminal

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V

CCR keeps all LEDs

3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V 3.5V

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Max Anode to Cathode Voltage (VAK) 45V 50V 45V 45V

Power Dissipation ( 25oC) 463, 1389 mW 4,225 mW 1389, 2400 mW 520 mW

Power Dissipation ( 85oC) 230, 750 mW 2,535 mW 750, 1270 mW 270 mW

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Left light Right light

YouTube Video “Advantages of Constant Current Regulators (CCR) in Driving LEDs”

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Target current for 4 strings = 120 mA at 13.5 V

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Total current for 4 strings = 120 mA

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

Clocks & Data Management ON Semiconductor Confidential

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CCRs in parallel driving 3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

• The LEDs are cross 3.4V 3.4V 3.4V

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• Higher current can be

• Using Adjustable CCRs

• Power in R-Adjust < 150 mW

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Typical PWM frequency for LED

Color does not shift since LED is always

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A/C 110 V RMS

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A/C 120 V RMS 4 x MUR160

Input Power Power Factor Driver Board Lux