What is a phrase? How do we determine when we've come to the end of a phrase?

-- Cadences! like punctuation! Think of phrases like sentences. We have

different kinds of sentence structures, and sentences of varying complexity. This
is the same for musical phrases.

For example: Johnny will you come inside, Johnny will you please come inside now,
Johnny you have to come inside or you'll catch a cold.
Several small parts: an idea, repetition of idea, continuation of this idea with
cadence.
1 cadence, several parts inside. These inner parts are sometimes called
"subphrases" where the harmonic motion is incomplete
2+2+4 or 1+1+2

Cadences -- punctuation: . or ! Are very final, strong ways to end a sentence. ; or

, are weaker.
- weak cadences = HC and IAC, (potentially deceptive)
- strong cadences = PAC
- this is considering the harmony that completes the phrase.

Under special circumstances, we can consider more than one phrase as belonging
together. Very frequently we encounter PAIRS of phrases. So it's like a sentence
with a Clause: If Sam goes to the store, he can buy milk.
- two parts that depend on each other.
- weak punctuation then strong punctuation.
Two phrases together = Period
- weak then strong cadence = harmonic
- Melodic element= Parallel or Contrasting. In other words: same or
different.

Let's look and listen to the examples on your handout.

However far we get...

Determining the Phrase Length: Look for "pauses"

Harmonic "pause" - cadence

Rhythmic "pause" - long note or rest
Melodic "pause" - descending line, relaxation, end of musical idea (before a new or
repeated idea starts)