RANGES OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS ‘On many instruments the uppermost note of the range will vary from professional player to professional player. The ones given here are playable by all professionals and are those usually called for in orchestral playing, Writ Range Writer Range Instrument (Profesional) Sovnting Range (Nonprofsional™ Comments Strings Violin aswritten Viola as writen Cello as written Double bass octave lower Horp (ith pedals up) SS) aswniten Whale notes indicate the range for beginning orchestral players, black noes or those playing in amateur groups ‘inal the dograms that indicate profesional writen rage black nohsade inca notes nat und on every seanWritten Range Written Range Instrument (Professional) Sounding Range (Nonprofessional) Comments Guitar Sa = octave lower Mandolin. as written Banjo 25S as written, buttenor ‘banjo sounds octave lower Woodwinds Piccolo —— octave higher = Flute = as written — avenue $= pres amie Uns notavibin nonprofessional groups Obwe —— eeIrstrument English horn All clarinets except bass, Bass clarinet Bassoon Contrabassoon All saxophones Wiritten Range (Professional) Witten Range Sounding Range (Nonprofssionad) perfect Sth lower ce Be major 2nd lower 1X mitre lower = D: major 2nd higher Bs: minor 3rd higher E> alto: major 6th lower major 9th lower; if written in bass clef, major 2nd lower as written ‘octave lower B: soprano: major 2nd lower Balto: major 6th lower Bb tenor: major Sth lower Comments Very seldom available in nonprofessional orchestras Usually no Dor B clarinets are available in nonprofessional orchestras May not be available in snonprofessional groups Lowest and highest notes ‘may not be playable by all nonprofessionals Usually not available in nonprofessional groups available in nonprofessional ‘groups, the saxophones should rot be scored very low or highrien Range Wren Rage instroent__(Pfesona Sounding Rage Ginpeiaied) _ mea _ | ina oceres has rao nd lower Brass, Hor (pus perfect Sth ower perks autrumpets — $3 c.aswriten Usually only Bor D trumpets ceed Be majr 2d lower ee Dow Demon higher fier arp Inning in cra Ee minor Sed higher and fuglborn, re moety used in B Comet mejor 2nd lower tne C bam octave lower Bas: mejor Sh lower ugalhor major 2nd lower Band Das GSI bemaprathtower trumpets * D: minor 7th lower se _ tromboneInstrument Tuba Euphonium Baritone Percussion ‘Timpani Xylophone Written Range (Professional) Written Range Sounding Range __(Nonprofssional) as written as written as written SS as written; if notated in treble clef, major 9th lower as writ in treble clef, major 9th lower as written octave higher Comments ‘Usually not available in nonprofessional orchestras Usually not available in non- professional orchestras but always found in bandsWritten Range Instrument__ (Profesional) Sounding Range Marimba = aswritten Vibraphone = as written Gockenspid SSS octaves higher Chimes Ss as written Keyboard Piano aswrittenWritten Range Instrument (Professional) Sounding Range Celesta octave higher Harpsichord as written Organ as written Harmonium as written,APPENDIX A 793 NAMES OF INSTRUMENTS IN FOUR LANGUAGES AND. THEIR ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS English tetin French German Strings Archi Cordes Streichinstrumente Viotin vin) Violino Violon Violine or Geige Viola (Via) Viola Alto Bratsche Violoncelo(Vie) Violoncello Violoncelle _Violoncell Double bass (DB) Contrabasso. ——Contrebasse_—-Kontrabass Harp (Hip) Atpa Harpe Harfe Woodwinds Legni (or Fiati) Bois Holzblaser Piccolo (ice) Ottvinoor Flauto Petite ite Kleine Floteo Pickelfote Flute (Fl) ote Flste ‘Oboe (Ob.) Hautbois Oboe or Hoboe English hom (Eng. Hin) Como inglese Cor anglais Englisches Horn Clarinet (CL) Clarinetto Clarinette —_Klarinette Bass clarinet (Bs. CL) Clarone or Clarinette basse Bassklarinette Glarineto basso Bassoon (Bsn) Fagotto Basson Fagott Contrabassoon (Cbs) Contrafagotto_Contrebasson_Kontrafagott, Saxophone Sax.) Sassofono Saxophone Saxophon Brass(es) Ottoni Cuivres Blechinstrumente Hom (Hn) Como Cor Hom Trumpet (Tpt) Tromba Trompette —_Trompete Trombone (Trb) Trombone Trombone Posauine Tuba (Tea) Tuba Tuba Tuba Percussion Percussione Batterie —_-Schlagzeug Piano (Pno.) Pianoforte Piano Klavier Celesta (Cel) Celestia or Celeste Céleste Celesta Harpsichord (Hpschd.)Cemballo Clavecin Cembato Organ (Org) Organo Orgue Orgel Harmonium (Harm) — Organetto Harmonium Harmonium794 THE STUDY OF ORCHESTRATION English atin Frence German Instruments of Definite Pitch Idiophones Xylophone (yl) Xilofono or Xylophone or Xylophon or Silofono Claguebois—_Holzharmonika Marimba (Mar) Marimba Marimba Marimbaphon Vibraphone (Vib) —_Vibrafono Vibraphone _Vibraphon Glockenspiel or Campanellior Jeu de timbres Glockenspiel or Stablspiet Orchestral bells (Gisp.) Campanette. or Carillon Tubular Chimes (Chm) Campane or Jeu des cloches _ Rohrenglocken or Capane tubolari Glocken Crotales (Crot) Crotalt Crotales or Zimbeln Cymbales, antiques Musical saw (Save) Sega cantante Lame mi Singende Sige Flexatone (Fex.) Flessatono Flexatone Flexaton Membranophones ‘Timpani (Timp) Timpani ‘Timbales Pauken Roto Tom (R-Tom) —_Roto-Tom-Tom —Roto-Tom ——_‘Tom-Tom-Spiel Instruments of Indefinite Pitch ‘Metal Idfophones rash cymbals (Cymb) Piattioy Cinelli Cymbales——_—Becken or Tellern Suspended cymbal Piatto sospeso Hingendes Becken (Susp. Cymb.) suspendie Sizzle cymbal Sizzle Piatto chiodat —-Cymbale sur Nietenbecken Cymb) tiges Finger cymbals (Fing. Cimbalini Cymbales —_Fingerzimbeln Cymb.) dligitales Triangle Trgh) TTriangoloor Triangle Triangel Acciarino Anvil (Anv.) Incudine Enclume Amboss Cowbell Cow) Cencereo Sonnaillesor _Kuihglocken or loches vache Kubschellen| Tam-tam (Tam-Tam) —Tamtam Tam-tam Tamtam Gong (Gong) Gong Gong Gong Metal wind chimes Bacchette di Baguettes ‘Metal-Windglocken (Metal W.Ch.) metallo sospese_metalliques suspendues ‘Wooden wind chimes Bacchettedilegno Baguettesde Holz: Windglocken (Wooden W.Ch) sospese bois suspendues Bamboo wind chimes Tubidibambit —Bambou Bambustobre Bamboo W.Ch) suspenduAPPENDIX A 795 English Ilion French German Glass wind chimes _Bacchettedlivetro Bagutettes de__Glas-Windglocken (Glass W.Ch) sospese verre suspendues Wooden Idiophones Wood blocks (W.BL) _Bloccidelegno _Blocsde bois. Holzblicke cinese or Cassetina ‘Temple blocks (F.BL) BloccidelegnoTemple-blocsTempel-Blacke Claves(Claves) Claves Chaves Chaves or Holzstab Castanets Cast) Castagnette or Castagnettes__Kastagnetten Nacchere Sandpaper blocks Carta vetrata_—_—Papier de verre Sandpapier or (Sand BL) Sandblocke Ratchet (Ratch) Raganella cricelle Ratsche Slapstickor Whip rust, Fouet Peitsche (Slapstick) Membranophones Snaredrum(S.Dr) _Tamburo piccolo Caisse claireor Kleine Trommet orTamburo——Tambour nilitare rilitaie (oth snares on) Gollecorde) __(avectimbres) (mit Schnarrsaite) (ith snares of? Genza corde) (Sanstimbres) (ohne Schnarsaite) Tenor drum (Ten, Dr) Cassarllante Caisse roulante Wirtelrommalor Rartrommel Bassdrum(Bs.Dr.) GrancassaorGran Grosse caisse Grosse Trommel tamburo (upeighd (vertical) (verticale) ——_(aufrecht) (onside) (orizzontale) pad Giegena) Tom-Toms Tom-Toms) Tomtom Tomtom TomTom Timbales Tim) Timpanet Timboles Kuba-Pauken cubaines Bongos Bong) Bongos.or Bonghi Bongos Bongos Conga drum Conga) Tumba Conga Conga-Tromme or Tumba Tambourine (amb) Tamburobasco or Tambourde Tamburinor Tamburino basque Schellentrommel FREQUENTLY USED ORCHESTRAL TERMS IN FOUR LANGUAGES, ngs ation French Gemma Muted Consordino _Sourdines)___mit Dampfer (or Con sordini Gectimpf, in horns)796 THE STUDY OF ORCHESTRATION English ation French German Take off mutes Via sordint Enlever les Dampfer(n) weg sourdines Without mute Senza sordino Sanssourdine Ohne Dimpfer Inunison Unisono (unis.) Unis Zusammen Solo Solo Seul Allein all Tutti Tous Alle 1 (irst only), 2 V2 Ter, 2e 1° (or einfach), 2" a2 a2 az m2 String Corda Corde saite Desk or Stand Leggio Pupitre Pult Divisi (div) Divisé(e)s (div.) Geteilt (get) div.a3 div.a Dreifach div.ad div.ad Vierfach, Half @ string group) la meta la moitié die Halfte ‘AL (near) the bridge Sul ponticello Sur lechevalet am Steg Over the fingerboard Sul tastoorSulla Sura touche am Griffbrett tastiera With the wood of the bow Col legno Avecle bois Col legno or mit Holz Atthepointofthebow — Puntad’arco (dela) pointe Spitze Atthe frog altallone au talon am Frosch, Inthe ordinary way or Modo ordinario Mode ordinaire Gewéhnlich Natural (afer sul pont., sul tasto, etc.) Near the sounding, board (harp) Change to piccolo Muta in piccolo Change C to E (winds Sol muta in mi and timpani) Stopped (horns) Chiuso (Chiusi) Brassy ‘Open Aperto (Aperti) Bells in the air ‘Campane in aria With soft stick Bacchetta di spugna With hard sticks Bacchette di legno Pris della table Chamgez en petite faite Changez do Bouck Cuivre Ouvert(s) Pavillons en Yair 9) Baguette d’éponge (Baguette molle) Piccolo nehmen C nach E umstimmen Gestopft Schmetternd Offen Schalltrichter auf or ‘Schalltrichter hoch mit Schwammschlegel Baguettes en bois _mit Holzschlegeln