† By Newton’s law of motion.

Weight = Mass × Acceleration due to gravity

In space the acceleration due to gravity (g) is zero and hence, the weight of the body is zero.

† The degree of hotness or coldness is called temperature.

† Clinical thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a human body.

† The SI unit of density is kg/m3. The density of gases and liquids varies with the change in
temperature.

Density of water = 1 gm/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3. Mercury = 13.6 gm/cm3.

† The relative density (R.D.) of a substance is defined as the ratio of the density of the
substance to the density of water.

† The variations in the density of gases and liquids with temperature result in convection
currents in liquids and gases.

† A hydrometer is a device to measure density of liquids.

WORK AND ENERGY

† Work : In physics work is defined if force applied on object displaces the object in direction
of force. We define the work as Product of the force and displacement in the direction of applied
force or Product of displacement and force in the direction of displacement.

W = Force × displacement

† Unit of Work : The SI unit of force is a newton and the unit of length is a metre (m). So the SI
unit of work is newton- meter which is written as Nm. This unit (Nm) is also called joule (J), i.e. 1
joule = 1 newton . 1 metre

Abbreviated, this is 1 J = 1 Nm

When a force of 1 newton moves a body through a distance of 1 metre in its own direction the work
done is 1 Joule.

† Energy : Anything which has the capacity to do work is said to possess energy. This implies
that work can be done only at the expense (cost) of energy i.e., to do work, we need to spend
energy, whatsoever be its form.

Unit of Energy : Same as that of work i.e., Joules(J) Relation between kinetic energy and momentum:

where p = momentum, k = kinetic energy, m = mass

(i) For same momentum :

K-energy varies inversely as the mass K 1