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Pemodelan dan Metode Numerik

(Modeling and Numerical Methods)


Prof. Dr.Eng. Syafaruddin, S.T, M.Eng
Pemodelan dan Algoritma Komputasi

Prof. Dr.Eng. Syafaruddin, S.T, M.Eng


• Pemodelan à transformasi physical sistem ke dalam
model matematik
– Hukum-hukum fisika (sistem mekanik: Hukum Newton dan
Hukum Hooke (pada sistem pegas)
– (sistem listrik à Hukum Kirchooff I dan II)
Model matematik à pers. Linear, non-linear
Tujuan: optimisasi, estimasi/prediksi, kontrol sistem
Optimisasi à differensial fungsi
Estimasi à interpolasi/aproksimasi
Kontrol sistem à Integrasi
Terkadang model matematik yang diperoleh tidak bisa
diselesaikan dengan rumus empirik matematik yang sdh ada
à Metode dan komputasi numerik (cirinya: nilai awal
diberikan dan proses looping/iterasi; kerja manual (boring),
tetapi dengan program komputer memungkinkan semuanya
menjadi mudah!
What is Modeling?
• A theory is often a general statement of principle abstracted
from observation, while a model is a representation of a
theory that can be used for prediction and control
• To be useful, a model must be realistic, simple to understand
an easy to manipulate
• These are conflicting requirements: “for realistic models are
seldom simple and simple model are seldom realistic”
• Modeling refers to the process of analysis and synthesis to
arrive at a suitable mathematical description that
encompasses the relevant dynamic characteristics of the
component, in terms of parameters that can be easily
determined in practice.
8/6/20 IWoRMEE 2012 4
Definition of engineering is the application of physics and
other branches of science to the creation of products and
services that make the world a (hopefully) better place
Creating new products and services is a lot more difficult than
analyzing or criticizing those that already exist. In fact, There are
far more critics in the world than creators!

Both a creative and a critical person are inside each one of us. To
be good in engineering, you have to be able to "turn off' your
critical side long enough to allow yourself to create.
Modeling is the creative side of engineering, and analyzing is the critical side. the
term "engineering system" è mechanical, electrical, fluid, and/or thermal
components.
Kekhawatiran:
many technicians and engineers using or
attempting to use engineering and
mathematical software packages who do
not understand the fundamentals.
Definisi linear dan non-linear

Output V à Dependent variable


Input h, r àIndependent variables
Linearization
(1.53)
Due to the above property, this two-port filter (Fig. 1.4) can be applied in the low
frequency harmonic oscillator as it is shown in Fig. 1.5(b).

Low frequency harmonic oscillator


Direct Methode
(Metode eliminasi Gauss)
Untuk memahami konsep metode eliminasi Gauss, kita perlu melihat persamaan berikut:

Untuk eliminasi x1 dibaris kedua:


tambahkan baris kedua dengan perkalian –a21/a11 dari baris pertama
Untuk eliminasi x1 dibaris ketiga
Tambahkan baris ketiga dengan perkalian –a31/a11 dari baris pertama

Selanjutnya kita mengeliminasi x2 pada baris ketiga dengan menambahkan baris


ketiga dengan perkalian –a32’/a22’ dari baris kedua
Akhirnya kita mempunyai pers. berikut:

•Koefisien matriks adalah bentuk triangular


•Prosedur pertama: stage eliminasi atau upward movement komplit.
•Berdasarkan pers. (1.6) determinan (D)= a11·a22’· a33’’
•Dalam kasus determinan tidak sama dengan nol, transisi ke stage kedua bisa
dilakukan.
•Stage kedua: stage subsitusi atau backward movement
•Di mana kita menentukan x3 dari pers.-3, kemudian x2 di pers.-2 ditentukan
menyusul x1 dari pers.-1
•Pers. -2 dan pers.-3 dari (1.9) bisa dipertukarkan untuk memperoleh
koefisien dari diagonal utama yang mempunyai nilai absolute maksimum
•Tujuannya: numerikal error bisa dikurangi dan juga interrupsi perhitungan
karena pembagian dengan nol bisa dihindari
Home work:
*computer program of the previous
problems! (due: next week)
*Find certain model of engineering
problems and determine solution of
some parameters with numerical
methods (due: at the last lecture)

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