Klaas Bootsma

Sarah Hamper
Margaret Willard
YEAR 11 Robert Yen
Series editor: Robert Yen
4TH EDITION
New Century Maths 11 Maths Standard (Pathway 2)
4th Edition
Klaas Bootsma
Sarah Hamper
Margaret Willard
Robert Yen
Publishing editor: Robert Yen
Project editors: Alan Stewart and Anna Pang
Editor: Marcia Bascombe
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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Bootsma, Klaas, author.
New century maths year 11: mathematics standard pathway 2 / Klaas
Bootsma, Sarah Hamper, Margaret Willard, Robert Yen.
4th
9780170413565 (paperback)
For secondary school age.
Mathematics--Problems, exercises, etc.
Mathematics--Textbooks.
Hamper, Sarah, author.
Willard, Margaret, author.
Yen, Robert, author.
Cengage Learning Australia
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South Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3205
Cengage Learning New Zealand
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331 Rosedale Road, Albany, North Shore 0632, NZ
For learning solutions, visit cengage.com.au
Printed in China by China Translation & Printing Services.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 21 20 19 18 17
C NTENTS
PREFACE������������������������������������������������������ vi
ABOUT THE AUTHORS���������������������������������� vii
SYLLABUS REFERENCE GRID�������������������������� viii
ABOUT THIS BOOK��������������������������������������� ix
MATHEMATICAL VERBS���������������������������������xiv
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS�������������������� xv
1
COLLECTING AND
PRESENTING DATA
S1.1   1.01  Interpreting graphs���������������������� 5
S1.1   1.02  Misleading graphs�������������������� 12
S1.1   1.03  Types of data��������������������������� 15
S1.1   1.04  Sampling techniques������������������ 18
S1.1   1.05  Constructing graphs������������������� 26
S1.1   1.06 Frequency histograms
and polygons��������������������������� 37
S1.1   1.07 Dot plots and stem-and-leaf
plots��������������������������������������� 45
Study tip: F our practical steps in
studying maths�������������������������������� 52
Chapter summary����������������������������������������� 53
Test yourself 1���������������������������������������������� 54
2
FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS 58
A1    2.01 Simplifying algebraic
expressions�������������������������������� 61
A1    2.02      Expanding algebraic
 expressions�������������������������������� 65
ISBN 9780170413565
A1    2.03  Formulas������������������������������������ 68
A1    2.04  Solving equations������������������������ 74
A1    2.05  Formulas and equations���������������� 78
A1    2.06 Changing the subject of a
formula�������������������������������������� 82
Study tip: Topic summaries and mind maps........ 84
Chapter summary����������������������������������������� 85
Test yourself 2���������������������������������������������� 86
3
2
EARNING MONEY AND
TAXATION88
F1.2      3.01  Wages, salaries and overtime���� 91
F1.2      3.02 Commission, piecework
and royalties���������������������������� 95
F1.2      3.03 Bonuses, allowances and annual
leave loading��������������������������� 99
F1.2      3.04 Government allowances and
pensions������������������������������� 102
F1.2      3.05  Gross pay and net pay������������ 108
F1.2      3.06 Income tax and Medicare
levy������������������������������������� 113
F1.2      3.07  PAYG and tax returns��������������� 117
F1.1      3.08  GST and VAT������������������������� 119
Study tip: Showing your working.................... 124
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 125
Test yourself 3�������������������������������������������� 126
PRACTICE PAPER 1������������������������������������� 128
Contents iii
 4 6

PROBABILITY134 MANAGING A HOME 240

S2    4.01  Probability of simple events���������� 138
S2    4.02  Tables and tree diagrams������������ 144
S2    4.03  Complementary events��������������� 150
S2    4.04  Relative frequency���������������������� 155
S2    4.05 Comparing relative frequency
and theoretical probability����������� 162
S2    4.06  Probability tree diagrams������������ 168
Study tip: When and where to study............... 174
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 175
Test yourself 4�������������������������������������������� 176
5 Test yourself 6�������������������������������������������� 281
F1.3     6.01 Water usage in the
home�������������������������� 243
M1.2, S1.1  6.02   Water tanks and dams��� 247
M1.3, S1.1,
F1.3  6.03    Electricity usage in
the home��������������������� 253
M1.3, F1.3  6.04  Energy consumption and
the costs of appliances���� 261
M1.3     6.05  Food and energy
consumption����������������� 268
F1.3     
6.06 Household budgeting����� 275
Study tip: Organising your notes.................... 279
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 280

MEASUREMENT178 PRACTICE PAPER 2������������������������������������� 283

M1.1, 1.3    5.01  Metric units�������������������� 181
M1.1 5.02  Error in measurement�������� 185
M1.1 5.03  Significant figures������������ 190 7
M1.1 5.04  Scientific notation������������ 193
M1.2 5.05 Perimeters of circular and LINEAR FUNCTIONS 288
composite shapes������������ 197
A2    7.01  Graphing linear functions������������ 291
M1.2 5.06 Area����������������������������� 202
A2    7.02  The gradient formula������������������ 297
M1.2 5.07  Land surveying���������������� 210
A2    7.03  Linear modelling������������������������ 300
M1.2 5.08 Volume and surface area
A2    7.04  Direct linear variation����������������� 307
of a prism���������������������� 215
A2    7.05  Conversion graphs�������������������� 313
M1.2 5.09 Volume and surface
area of a cylinder������������ 222 Study tip: Attacking your weak areas.............. 318

M1.2 5.10 Volume and surface area Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 319

of a sphere�������������������� 227 Test yourself 7�������������������������������������������� 320
M1.2 5.11 Volume and surface area of
composite solids������������� 231
Study tip: M
 aking lists and managing
your time...................................... 235
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 236
Test yourself 5�������������������������������������������� 237

iv NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565


8
INTEREST AND DEPRECIATION 322
F1.1   8.01 Percentage increase
and decrease������������������������ 325
F1.1   8.02  Simple interest����������������������� 328
F1.1   8.03  Simple interest graphs������������� 331
F1.1   8.04  Compound interest����������������� 335
F1.1   8.05  Straight-line depreciation��������� 342
Study tip: Useful exam tips............................ 349
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 350
Test yourself 8�������������������������������������������� 351
9 M2 11.02  Time...................................... 477
OWNING A CAR 354
F1.3, S1.1  9.01  Car insurance����������������� 357
F1.3 9.02  Stamp duty��������������������� 364
F1.3 9.03  On-road costs����������������� 369
F1.3 9.04  Running costs������������������ 374
F1.3 9.05 Fuel consumption and
prices��������������������������� 377
F1.3 9.06  Choosing the best car������ 384
Study tip: Your study routine........................... 387
Chapter summary��������������������������������������� 388
Test yourself 9............................................. 389
PRACTICE PAPER 3...................................... 392
10
ANALYSING DATA 398
S1.2  10.01 The mean, median and mode... 402
S1.2  10.02 Quartiles, deciles and
percentiles............................. 417
S1.2  10.03 The range and interquartile
range................................... 426
ISBN 9780170413565
S1.2  10.04  The effect of outliers................ 429
S1.1  10.05 Cumulative frequency graphs.... 434
S1.2  10.06  Box plots............................... 439
S1.2  10.07  Standard deviation.................. 445
S1.2  10.08  The shape of a distribution........ 452
Study tip: Looking after yourself...................... 460
Chapter summary........................................ 461
Test yourself 10........................................... 462
11
WORLD LOCATIONS AND TIMES 466
M2 11.01  Latitude and longitude............... 469
M2 11.03  Timetables.............................. 481
M2 11.04  International time zones............. 485
Study tip: Before an exam............................. 495
Chapter summary........................................ 496
Test yourself 11........................................... 497
12
DRIVING SAFELY 500
A1, S1.1  12.01 Blood alcohol
content (BAC)����������������� 503
S1.1 12.02  Accident statistics������������� 513
A1 12.03 Speed, distance
and time������������������������ 521
A1 12.04  Stopping distance������������ 524
Study tip: More exam tips............................. 534
Chapter summary........................................ 536
Test yourself 12........................................... 537
PRACTICE PAPER 4...................................... 541
ANSWERS................................................ 547
GLOSSARY/INDEX..................................... 592
Contents v
PREFACE
New Century Maths 11 Mathematics Standard
(Pathway 2), first published in 2000, has been
rewritten for the new Mathematics Standard
syllabus (2017). In this 4th edition of the book,
teachers will find those familiar features that
have made New Century Maths a leading
mathematics series, such as clear worked
examples, graded exercises, syllabus codes and
references, Investigation, Technology, SkillCheck
pre-chapter exercises, chapter summary mind
maps, practice papers and a glossary/index.
The syllabus describes two pathways for
Mathematics Standard that begin in Year 11:
• a vocational pathway that we will call
Pathway 1, for students heading towards the
workforce or further training after school,
providing practical mathematical skills for life
• a more traditional and academic pathway that
we will call Pathway 2, for students heading
towards an HSC exam, ATAR and university
studies.
vi NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2)
This book caters for Pathway 2 in Year 11. Both
pathways share a common Year 11 course that
splits into the Mathematics Standard 1 and 2
courses in Year 12, but because students taking
each pathway have specific learning needs, we
have published two levels of texts for both Years
11 and 12.
Mathematics Standard 2 is designed for students
who will work or study in fields that require
a mathematical or statistical background.
We have endeavoured to produce a practical
text that captures the spirit of the course,
providing relevant and meaningful examples of
mathematics being used in society and industry.
The NelsonNet student and teacher websites
contain additional resources such as worksheets,
video tutorials and topic tests. We wish all
teachers and students using this book every
success in embracing the new senior mathematics
course.
ISBN 9780170413565
AB UT THE AUTHORS
Klaas Bootsma was head teacher of
mathematics at Ambarvale High School in
Campbelltown and has taught at Lurnea and
Grantham high schools. He was a senior HSC
examiner and has worked on the HSC Advice
Line. Klaas has been the lead author of New
Century Maths 9–10 for over 20 years.
Sarah Hamper teaches at Abbotsleigh School
in Wahroonga and has taught at Meriden and
Tara Anglican schools. Her expertise is in using
modelling, problem solving and ICT for the
effective learning of mathematics, and she
has presented workshops for MANSW and
nationally. Sarah is a co-author of the current
editions of New Century Maths 9–10.
Margaret Willard has extensive experience
writing units of work designed for distance
education and was Manager at TAFE’s distance
education unit, OTEN (Open Training and
Education Network). She has served on the
executive of MANSW (the Mathematical
Association of NSW), managed its post-
secondary programs and has presented at both
MANSW and TAFE conferences.
ISBN 9780170413565
Robert Yen has taught at Hurlstone
Agricultural, Ambarvale and Eagle Vale high
schools in southwest Sydney. He co-edited
Reflections, the MANSW journal, and wrote
General Mathematics HSC study guides for
The Sydney Morning Herald. Robert has been
writing for New Century Maths 7–12 for over
20 years and now works for Nelson Cengage as
the mathematics publisher.
CONTRIBUTING
AUTHORS
Megan Boltze (Ashcroft HS) and
Kuldip Khehra (Quakers Hill HS) wrote and
edited many of the NelsonNet worksheets.
John Drake, Katie Jackson and
Joanne Magner created the video tutorials.
Trisha Goss wrote the topic tests.
Roger Walter wrote the ExamView questions.
Tracey Macbeth-Dunn wrote the worked
solutions to all exercise sets.
Preface vii
SYLLABUS REFERENCE GRID
Topic and subtopic New Century Maths 11
Mathematics Standard
(Pathway 2) chapter
Algebra
MS-A1 Formulae and equations 2 Formulas and equations
12 Driving safely
MS-A2 Linear relationships 2 Formulas and equations
7 Linear functions
Measurement
MS-M1 Applications of measurement 5 Measurement
M1.1 Practicalities of measurement 6 Managing a home
M1.2 Perimeter, area and volume 9 Owning a car
M1.3 Units of energy and mass 12 Driving safely
MS-M2 Working with time 11 World locations and times
Financial Mathematics
MS-F1 Money matters 2 Formulas and equations
F1.1 Interest and depreciation 3 Earning money and taxation
F1.2 Earning and managing money 6 Managing a home
F1.3 Budgeting and household expenses 8 Interest and depreciation
9 Owning a car
Statistical Analysis
MS-S1 Data analysis 1 Collecting and presenting data
S1.1 Classifying and representing data 6 Managing a home
S1.2 Exploring and describing data 9 Owning a car
10 Analysing data
12 Driving safely
MS-S2 Relative frequency and probability 4 Probability

viii NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

ABOUT
THIS B K
AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH CHAPTER
• Each chapter begins on a

8.
double-page spread showing the FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS

Chapter contents with

syllabus codes, and a list of
chapter outcomes

INTEREST AND IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL:

DEPRECIATION
The value of an investment increases over time as a result of interest, simple or compound,
being added to it. The value of assets such as office equipment, machinery and cars decrease
over time due to usage and age and the price of goods in shops may increase and decrease.
These all involve calculating percentage increases and decreases and in some cases lead to
formulas to calculate the final value.
• calculate repeated percentage changes, for example, an increase of 15% followed by a
decrease of 8%, and examine the overall percentage change
• calculate simple interest using I = Prn, where P is the principal, r is the interest rate per period
and n is the number of periods
• use tables of values for fixed values of P, and hence draw and describe graphs of I against n for
different values of r
• calculate and graph compound interest using repeated application of simple interest
• calculate compound interest using A = P (1 + r)n, where A is the final amount, P is the initial
principal, n is the number of compounding periods and r is the interest rate per compounding
period
• calculate the straight-line depreciation of an asset

CHAPTER OUTLINE
F1.1 8.01 Percentage increase and decrease
F1.1 8.02 Simple interest
F1.1 8.03 Simple interest graphs
F1.1 8.04 Compound interest
F1.1 8.05 Straight-line depreciation

Shutterstock.com/pisaphotography
BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 322-323 24/08/17 11:34 AM

• Terminology previews the

key words and phrases from
TERMINOLOGY
compounded compound interest compounding period
depreciation final amount flat rate interest
future value inflation present value

within the chapter, while

principal quarterly salvage value
simple interest straight-line method of depreciation

SkillCheck reviews important WS

Assignment
Homework 8
SkillCheck
1 Express each percentage as a decimal.

prerequisite skills and knowledge a 2.5% b 84%

2 Copy and complete these conversions.

a 10% p.a. = _____ % per quarter
c 106% d 18.75%

for the chapter

b 7.5% p.a. = _____ % per half year
c 5.4% p.a. = _____ % per month

3 Evaluate, correct to two decimal places:

a 2500 × (1.015)4 b 11 640 × (1.003)15 c 4460 × (1.0048)36

4 Find each amount.

a 3% of $25 780 b 2.5% of $85 400 c 11% of $13 400
d 4% of $8672 e 6.5% of $56 125 f 0.85% of $15 600

5 a Increase $28.50 by 3%.

b Decrease $2500 by 5%.
c Increase $88 by 10%.

6 If S = V − Dn, find:
a S if V = 75 000, D = 4300, n = 6
b V if S = 0, D = 5200, n = 8
c n if S = 12 000, V = 52 000, D = 4800.

324 NCM 11. Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 324 07/09/17 12:38 PM

ISBN 9780170413565 About this book ix

IN EACH CHAPTER
• Important facts and formulas are highlighted in a shaded box.
Example 15 Use the table to answer these questions. Compounded values of $1

• Important words and phrases are printed in red and listed

10 a When $3000 is invested for Interest rate per period
4 years, compounded annually at
Periods 1% 2% 5% 8%
5%, which of the following is the
1 1.0100 1.0200 1.0500 1.0800

in the glossary at the back of the book.

final value? Select A, B, C or D.
2 1.0201 1.0404 1.1025 1.1664
A $12 160 B $3646.50
3 1.0303 1.0612 1.1576 1.2597
C $3012.16 D $3828
4 1.0406 1.0824 1.2155 1.3605
b If the final value of an investment
5 1.0510 1.1041 1.2763 1.4693

• Graded exercises are linked to worked examples and include

is $1469.30 after 5 years at 8% p.a.,
which of the following is the initial 6 1.0615 1.1262 1.3401 1.5869
principal? Select A, B, C or D.
A $1000 B $1 C $100 D $10

multiple-choice questions, exam-style problems and realistic c Calculate the final value for each of these investments.
i $16 000 compounded annually at 2% p.a. for 3 years

applications.
ii $3800 at 8% p.a. for 6 years compounded annually
iii $4200 at 12% p.a. compounded monthly for 5 months
d Calculate the compound interest when $32 000 is invested at 4% p.a. for 3 years
compounded half-yearly.

• Worked solutions to all exercise questions are provided on WS

Simple vs
Homework
TECHNOLOGY
Compound interest as repeated simple interest

the NelsonNet teacher website.

compound
interest:
Spreadsheet 1 Open a new spreadsheet and enter the data as shown below for an investment of
$5000 at 8% p.a. compounded annually. Enter 1 in cell A6 to show Year 1 and enter
WS
=B1 in cell B6, which is the investment of $5000.
A B C D E

• Investigations explore the syllabus in more detail, through

Compounding
Homework
periods: 1 Investment $5,000
Spreadsheet
2 Annual interest rate 8%
3 Compounding periods per year 1

group work, discovery and modelling activities.

4
5 Compounding period Principal Interest Value of investment Interest earned
6 1 $5,000
7
8

• Technology promotes ICT in the classroom, 2 In cell C6, enter =B6*($B$2/$B$3) to calculate the interest for Year 1 (using
I = P × r × 1).
3 In D6, enter =C6+B6 to calculate principal + interest.

using spreadsheets, graphics calculators and the 4 In E6, enter =C6 to show the total compound interest earned after Year 1.

Internet.
• Did you know? contains interesting facts and applications
340 NCM 11. Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

of the mathematics learned in the chapter. BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 340 07/09/17 12:38 PM

INVESTIGATION DID YOU KNOW?

COMPOUND INTEREST GRAPH Car theft
Blake invests $20 000 in an account that earns 6% p.a. interest, compounded annually.
• About 47% of vehicles stolen in Australia are stolen outside the home of the owner or
1 If you graphed the size of his investment growing over 10 years, what do you think a friend of the owner, so park your car in a garage or in a secure parking area.
the graph would look like? Give reasons for your answer.
• Most vehicles are stolen in the late afternoon or evening, especially on Fridays,
2 Copy and complete this table using the Saturdays and Sundays.
No. of years, n Amount, A ($)
formula A = P(1 + r)n, rounding your values
0 • Most cars are stolen for short-term use (such as joyriding, transport) or for resale
to the nearest whole dollar.
(either as a whole vehicle or as stripped parts).
1
3 Use the table to construct a graph that shows
2 • Stolen motorcycles have the lowest rate of recovery with only 43% of thefts
the amount of the investment, A, growing over
recovered.
10 years. 3
4 • About 30% of stolen vehicles are recovered within 10 km from where they were stolen.
4 What is the vertical intercept of this graph
and what does it represent? 5 Cheaper cars are more likely to be stolen, and account for about 40% of all
6 short-term vehicle thefts. Give a possible reason for this happening.
5 Comment on what the shape of the graph
shows. 7

6 Use the graph to estimate: 8

Exercise 9.01 Car insurance
1 9
i the value of the investment after 8 years
2 10
1 Third Party Property insurance costs $38.17 per month. What is the cost per week?
ii when the value of the investment reaches Select A, B, C or D.
$35 200. A $8.80 B $9.54 C $8.81 D $7.63

2 Mia paid her comprehensive car insurance at $150 per month. How much would she Example
save if she paid a lump sum of $1265? Select A, B, C or D. 1
WS
8.05 Straight-line depreciation A $685 B $1115 C $0 D $535
A new vehicle loses around 30%−40% of its value in the first year. Loss in value can occur
Straight-line
Homework
depreciation through age, wear and tear, or simply by becoming outdated when a new model is released. 3 Jack bought a new van for $28 350. His CTP insurance is $626 per year and his
formula
practice comprehensive insurance is $75.78 per month. What is the total cost of insurance per year?

4 Which insurance is the cheapest option? Select A, B or C.

EXAMPLE 11
A $985 per year paid in a lump sum
a A boat was purchased for $37 800 and decreased in value by 11% in its first year. B $83.10 per month
To the nearest dollar, what was its value after 1 year? C $38.25 per fortnight
b A new Porsche was purchased for $239 850 and was valued at $175 600 twelve months
later. What is the percentage decrease in price, to the nearest unit, in the first year?

Solution

a Purchase price = $37 800

11% decrease in value = 89% of price 100% − 11% = 89%

342 NCM 11. Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565 ISBN 9780170413565 9. Owning a car 361

BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 342 07/09/17 12:38 PM BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp09.indd 361 14/09/17 3:54 PM

x NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

AT THE END OF EACH CHAPTER
• Sample HSC problem demonstrates a typical HSC
question using content learned from the chapter. SAMPLE HSC PROBLEM

Brittany invests $15 000 in an account that earns 6.5% p.a. interest.
a Calculate the simple interest that the account will earn over 3 years.

• Study tip provides useful advice for senior students in

b Calculate the interest the account will earn if interest is compounded annually
over 3 years.
c Explain why more interest is earned when compounded annually over the 3 years.

revising coursework and preparing for exams. Study tip

• Chapter summary concludes the chapter and includes a

Useful exam tips
• Make yourself familiar with the format of the exam: the number of sections and
questions, the types of questions (for example, multiple-choice, and short answer), the

mind map exercise.

time allowed, and the number of marks allocated.
• Don’t worry if you are nervous. This is normal and will help you perform better.
However, being too casual or too anxious can harm your performance.
• Calculate the average amount of time you should spend on each question or section.
• Spend the reading time of the exam browsing through the paper to see what work lies

• Test yourself contains chapter revision and are linked to

ahead of you.
• Easier questions are usually at the beginning, with harder ones at the end. Do an easy
question first to boost your confidence. It will also save time.

to the relevant exercise set.

• Put a mark next to the harder questions and allow more time for working on them.
Leave them if you get stuck and come back to them later.
• Show all working. Even if you get the wrong answer, you may be awarded some
marks for correct working.
• Attempt every question. It is better to do most of every question and score some marks

• Practice papers after every three chapters revise the skills

than to ignore some questions completely and score nothing for them.
• Don’t leave multiple-choice questions unanswered. Even if you guess, there is a chance
of being correct. Some students like to leave multiple-choice questions till last so that,
if they run out of time, they can make quick guesses. However, some multiple-choice

and knowledge of those chapters. questions can be quite difficult. WS

Homework
Year 11

AT THE END OF THE BOOK

Mathematics
Standard
ISBN 9780170413565 8. Interest and depreciation 349 Reference

• Glossary and index includes a comprehensive BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 349 23/08/17 3:05 PM

dictionary of course terminology.

• Answers (worked solutions are on the teacher website). 8. CHAPTER SUMMARY

This chapter, Interest and depreciation, examined the mathematics of calculating interest
PS and depreciation. You have applied percentage increase and decrease in various contexts and
Interest and
also calculated simple interest and compound interest in a variety of situations involving
depreciation investments. Digital technology and graphs have been used to compare simple interest and

NELSONNET STUDENT WEBSITE

crossword
compound interest graphs for different rates and periods. Depreciation of assets has been
calculated using the straight-line method.
Make a summary of this topic. Use the outline at the start of this chapter as a guide.
An incomplete mind map is shown below. Use your own words, symbols, diagrams, boxes
and reminders. Gain a ‘whole picture’ view of the topic and identify any weak areas.

Margin icons link to print (PDF) and multimedia % increase and

decrease
Simple interest

resources found on the NelsonNet student website,

INTEREST AND

www.nelsonnet.com.au. These include: Simple interest

DEPRECIATION

Compound
graphs interest

Straight-line
depreciation

WS PS Qz

Homework
Worksheet Puzzle sheet Skillsheet Spreadsheet Video Chapter quiz
tutorial

350 NCM 11. Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

BK-CLA-NCM11_PATHWAY2-170093-Chp08.indd 350 23/08/17 3:05 PM

• Worksheets and puzzle sheets that are write-in enabled PDFs

• Skillsheets of examples and exercises of prerequisite skills and knowledge
• Video tutorials: worked examples explained online
• Spreadsheets: Excel files
• ExamView quizzes: interactive and self-marking

ISBN 9780170413565 About this book xi

NELSONNET TEACHER WEBSITE
The NelsonNet teacher website, also at www.nelsonnet.com.au, contains:
• A teaching program, in Microsoft Word and PDF formats
• Topic tests, in Microsoft Word and PDF formats
• Worked solutions to each exercise set
• Chapter PDFs of the textbook
• ExamView exam-writing software and questionbanks
• Resource Finder: search engine for NelsonNet resources

NELSONNETBOOK
NelsonNetBook is the web-based interactive version of this book found on NelsonNet.
• To each page of NelsonNetBook you can add notes, voice and sound bites, highlighting, weblinks and
bookmarks
• Zoom and Search functions
• Chapters can be customised for different groups of students

xii NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2) ISBN 9780170413565

 xiii
Margaret Grove
3RD EDITION

About this book

11 YEAR

MATHS IN FOCUS MATHEMATICS

EXTENSION 1
Margaret Grove
3RD
EDITION
Margaret Grove

Janet Hunter
Jim Green
3RD EDITION
MATHS IN FOCUS 11–12 SERIES

12
11 YEAR

YEAR
NEW CENTURY MATHS AND

MATHS IN FOCUS MATHEMATICS

ADVACNED
Margaret Grove
3RD
EDITION MATHS IN FOCUS MATHEMATICS
EXTENSION 2
Jim Green
Janet Hunter
Margaret Willard

Margaret Willard

Margaret Grove
Klaas Bootsma

Klaas Bootsma
Sarah Hamper

Sarah Hamper
Robert Yen

Robert Yen
4TH EDITION

4TH EDITION

3RD EDITION
12

12
11 YEAR

YEAR

YEAR
Klaas Bootsma Klaas Bootsma
MATHEMATICS
NEW CENTURY MATHS STANDARD
(PATHWAY 2)
Sarah Hamper
Margaret Willard
Robert Yen

4TH
EDITION NEW CENTURY MATHS MATHEMATICS
STANDARD 2
Sarah Hamper
Margaret Willard
Robert Yen

4TH
EDITION MATHS IN FOCUS MATHEMATICS
EXTENSION 1
Margaret Grove
3RD
EDITION

Margaret Grove
Sue Thomson

Sue Thomson

ISBN 9780170413565
Judy Binns

Judy Binns
2ND EDITION

2ND EDITION

3RD EDITION
12

12
11 YEAR

YEAR

YEAR
MATHEMATICS
NEW CENTURY MATHS STANDARD
(PATHWAY 1)
Sue Thomson
Judy Binns
2ND
EDITION NEW CENTURY MATHS MATHEMATICS
STANDARD 1
Sue Thomson
Judy Binns
2ND
EDITION MATHS IN FOCUS MATHEMATICS
ADVACNED
Margaret Grove
3RD
EDITION
MATHEMATICAL
VERBS
A glossary of ‘doing words’ commonly found
in mathematics problems
analyse: study in detail the parts of a situation
apply: use knowledge or a procedure in a given
situation
calculate: see evaluate
classify, identify: state the type, name or feature
of an item or situation
comment: express an observation or opinion
about a result
complete: fill in detail to make a statement,
diagram or table correct or finished
compare: show how two or more things are
similar or different
construct: draw an accurate diagram
convert: change from one form to another, for
example, from a fraction to a decimal, or from
kilograms to grams
decrease: make smaller
describe: state the features of a situation
estimate: make an educated guess for a number,
measurement or solution, to find roughly or
approximately
evaluate, calculate: find the value of an
expression, for example, 3 × 82 or 4x + 1
when x = 5
expand: remove brackets in an algebraic
expression, for example, expanding 3(2y + 1)
gives 6y + 3
explain: describe why or how
xiv NCM 11.  Mathematics Standard (Pathway 2)
give reasons: show the rules or thinking used
when solving a problem. See also justify
graph: display on a number line, number plane
or statistical graph
hence find/prove: find an answer or prove a
result using previous answers or information
supplied
identify: see classify
increase: make larger
interpret: find meaning in a mathematical result
justify: give reasons or evidence to support your
argument or conclusion. See also give reasons
measure: determine the size of something, for
example, use a ruler to find the length of a pen
prove that: see show that
recall: remember and state
show that, prove: (in questions where the
answer is given) use calculation, procedure or
reasoning to prove that a result is true
simplify: give a result in its most basic, shortest,
neatest form, for example, simplifying a ratio or
algebraic expression
sketch: draw a rough diagram that shows
the general shape or ideas, less accurate than
construct
solve: find the value(s) of an unknown
pronumeral in an equation or inequality
state: see write
ISBN 9780170413565
substitute: replace a variable by a number and write, state: give the answer, formula or result
evaluate without showing any working or explanation
(This usually means that the answer can be found
verify: check that a solution or result is correct,
mentally, or in one step)
usually by substituting back into the equation or
referring back to the problem

SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
= is equal to ∠ angle cos cosine ratio
≠ is not equal to ∆ triangle sin sine ratio
≈ is approximately equal to || is parallel to tan tangent ratio
< is less than ⊥ is perpendicular to x the mean
> is greater than ∴ therefore ∑ the sum of
2
≤ is less than or equal to x x squared, x × x Q1 first quartile or lower
≥ is greater than or equal to x3 x cubed, x × x × x quartile
( ) parentheses, round square root, radical sign Q2 median (second quartile)
brackets 3
cube root Q3 third quartile or upper
[ ] (square) brackets quartile
P(E ) the probability of event E
{ } braces occurring IQR interquartile range
± plus or minus P ( E ) the probability of event E α alpha
π pi = 3.14159… not occurring θ theta
  the recurring decimal
0.152 LHS left-hand side µ micro-, mu
0.152152 … RHS right-hand side
° degree % percentage

ISBN 9780170413565 Symbols and abbreviations xv