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    Dr Sameer Chakravarthy VVSS
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    2nd Chap Notes of AWP handwritten

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    2nd Chap Notes of AWP handwritten

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    19 views40 pages

    Awp Unit 20001

    Uploaded by

    Dr Sameer Chakravarthy VVSS
    2nd Chap Notes of AWP handwritten

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 40
    UNI T- IL- Ane Aperture and Slek attenna Horn Arienna t- Ampytant Horm antenna Shapes! vy yorr 1D lowe aT A i] i} yr ——1 i Thre qj @. Sxporentially tapered — (D). Settov ; ©. sectoy “F” plang ' plans Pyvamig I hhovty 4 4 + +> 4 > 6 " © PYyamidal horn ©. Sxponevtialty conical i bappered own @. Breeneal antenna . The hon anienna may be yeqandod a a flowed ou one Opend Cet Wave Gitda. Tho Wave guide Is capable i Of vadiaking va dia kion imeD open Spate provided the Sama is Sxisked gt oma Sng pen ak othen sna. Horn Antenna is ata ong of tha most popvlan antenna used ag focal point’ «© Feed in Many Yeblec oy Arienna's . © Je may bo treted = that Field insida tha wave guide — Pxopagake in in gr freq Spaca | bur wlth Sama manner ag difttenenca that in Umstrairred by tha yo wave guida yng waves ave wallg of to wave Guida From baal Sphrevically Apresdiny | On vadtakng ot the wave guido mouth Ehis i ~ Propovtion fietd Continuous = ED propagate in Sams Gerona diyection buk now ago Stants Spreading lalerabhy aceoyding fo Haggen's principle and tho wave front Aven tiwally Yesutks Spherical . Neon Ho mouth tho wave guids where tw is Near field vegior in which | wave drome is Move Complicated However, this may be byeated a3 — Eransistion yegion where Charrge ovev fron ha Guided Proportion) Ed free Space proportional — occures . Sin, tho wave guido impedances and — fren Space impedar qs, ate mob Squas. Heme ED Avoid Standing wave — yadio Hlavirrgg of walle ot wave guido is dona , Which — dasign matching © impedance gn — prevideg = Comaantratinn «= Yadiablon Palen U-e) qnnater cliveetivity and — natrew bandusiaty = @ Huggen's Principle '. Je states that Sach point on Primo ancy aaa fete Combs tended bs Be te Sonne eb Spherical wave and the Second any wave font Can be UmSkructed as tha Envelope ef thle Setondary Waves. of te pyramidal hoyn = Qnienng + Geometry @,. f-plaw Hern Section Gun buy —y Waveguids — dimensign Wer Yn —) Flave angle G,b —> apevature dimension . Yor, Yoy > Te Yadian ph Lwnetun 66 tho phaso front in the X-% plane angle - 2 plane L—> length Ob the horn antenna | The premida) horn antenna 'S 0rQ OH the most horn antenna. Te is Used for primary Fead foy yeflectoy Qnienna ag wwllag Standand gain veferentg— artienna th antenne — meagunement: - tr 2X4 €) y-z plane phage centre a Mok necessary gy same position and vadiug ef, Gutvatuno th phose front in x-z plano is ty X-Z plano . Yor = _4 2 ban ( nj) in YZ plang b ban (He), ) v Yoy whens Yn $1 Ye ano flave angle in hS enplane Yespec Hively . ‘The phase of_~—sField «ak (0) ew Cerhve of aperture yt > Product oF ~—Path Jength dirFerence and Pavpag ation conslant = 8 In ty plone s(xre Pf Reaktwr™ - tox In yas - eiy)= #1 Fen" ~ toy thts 4Ho vlave equation over aperkite welan ag Feapiarn ee + Kenroy" - es} compating sisy). P for rman Eleve angle $= Common topralice 10 app wma le These Veatohon FO Wado Poym ond toni the aPevhine fongentin «BW Fields ote for a Biven Set OF Wlave Guide mension ond length oF hom antenna (LI nCveagee Flare Angle afesture Cimnension and Phase em —Inreages Fhis tle have opposite eP-fech on divechivihy Nel ePfeck ts that For the given length of hash antennas oplireum Flare anght far ishich ‘the maximum there igo i in W-plre 18 ain occas coh OPti mun Flare angh in Den by 44 oplimem — Flare angle in €- Plane is then ditechnily De o8x033 XR x Hab ie ox os f sae ~ sf U9 mugk Pedi iy hae Neng solishy “he Litowing equation l= 2-00 2tan (¥¥, ) b—bw Tan (*%) Le uses: “a Horn onlenna exten sillely ured ak micro ware Prequienty under the condition that govley Goin needed {5 modevale ay For high Rover gain, inte How dimension become lesige Eo ther aPeslue artennes Like Pastabolic ve Plecloy and lens omlennd’s ost Me ferned sather ‘than horn arena. ee Ee eMed Fathey Than hon Awilesno Rerlectors ANTENNA: eee cae ae ReFLectons OF VARIOUS Suppe — Aperatine and lows Antennas Ze lw Antenna A A Cave. element) @lowe slot shut Osmatt ft shee © thin rellecbor . petvenelement ab focus. aon eyo @ Ackive Corner © possive Corner © parasols ve {leche reflector ref lechor —TA patven — ! t s E- Difven gat Lael aE © Ay pertle vet lector @ cirtatar rele ctor yalins a vee widely. wedte modify the radFakeon ae Tabth Fating element FoR ExMMpLe: the back ward radiation from Antinna ma minoted width a plane sheet deflector of lovge deeransion. @ Deven element @ ettipbtad vet lechor be eb Appitcatront OF CoRNER REFLECTOR tH ea et ee een C1) Telew2s%n CH) Polak te Perak Communication an) Radto Ashronomy Apps FLAT Sweet REFLECTOR: ® i s © twodh. dipole wh My ipsa with deflector A (ree Feel patter 7 C) Freld pattern . €._ > re hes @ Sarge Jet check near a leroae dspole artmann and Reduces backward radfakzon » Tt pevides gubstatie! gern % Rrward Av Xe ebfon by Aeducty Spacthg des antenna and Sheet CORNER REFLECTOR | - Oe in : "oe De chet olynont d= Sfacing bw osnal dyevon omen X= Comat amale , h = hoighk Cro odo odfackoy conaieting § wo oy Frog mectucly Je trsouitg ro Ausggcos (stich Selock Ra. EM Mees pa tkustng Aon Bon howe Aaooro shape ti ce knoron ax Comat tule - AI Posiabolic ‘actoy Semon Gavek oefpcior ato “Prete: bototol oe brctoy, Gteomairy of Peoralaatic Bactow:- Tangent x [o) ys -— Hoe oad ryt oY F = Rou © = Vortex. 00' ~ axia of Pembala. cprocolo. (@pettaa) De: chaen mouth}; Re % : Ba, dagen os Teorobole pt 2 Pg tRPal = FRAP Hy! ate Constant (&) Sixa =F Pow D sxatio Pocal. Song if +0 chortace Sixa . pane { Fr tha! = Pet Rerabolard (Ov), Tesaboloicel Seffsctor Gr) Necroune dish Posabotoidal coxfictor wit dipole ot ARO fore : Rodliation ‘Patigxn of t (lL. Peerabototol : Ae ae # A parabsla is a tho dimenSional plane Curve oO o! cunrd Surg a porabola +R parabolic veHeutor or porabelpid ig a three coum NSion te A paraboloid is Formed by rotaXieg kg aniseed). a produces parallel bom & cuer vress Seckion pecwuse ihe eee) oe is oncay 34 Showy in Sigure- of an “antenna emelaing Paraloal ord y lek ¥~ Ke yoda akin Raltern faxaroal oid yefieckor AS 4 accomgamied by & number of mner arte Staller in N2e+ . destened by . ¥ cid ae cam a 1d eee mcinod oma VOCSing THE fol i | PRoduction of Plame Wave Speont by Peorabolic soefactor : woNe piers Ol dhicactly Srachictaok wos a ackion oF bo enplarned by wong derrg raxion ak Are Joos = x Focussing oy beam forenakio Parabolic 72gleccor om vo , — ~ ae — \ es a oe” a ie DL orl, = x _ D . = of oy ee F given by For Civtlay aperture beam wotdeth fas Full alet Bh! Pet = IA dog» Bo Hpsk = sed P PS deg: D> + Aperabere deametes se AN —F Fer Space ewauelengty. Ep rerniuauian npegeroRe : Buten = ust we deg 5 L length el a peratane fo \m? altaectivity | gy ura P le 4 whee , A> Area q aperbue KA ~ where , Ae Cap hue aten A > actral avea of moult - K > Constant depends on ype antenna used. w K = 0-65 for dipole Antemmo - wil lower 30 es p gai 4 Céirtalar aperakure Parablord tort hall wane alfpole 3 given by Cp co Ure i 2 = Ur KA oe => UuTkK rp ‘ (2D ces ( ye) [Sp = ese col") Gata Bo dhe gunckion ayer hue yahto Q the paradeleid Ceep) Aan antenna deed & Anteana Q}eckive radi died power A a mabkipliGaber of Prpak power and th power gam eee | [areas [P= Th oro pa | Xe Erp % used Sateltrtes —_ Spmt over AND BAcKLeBE)— Aan mY Spillo” HAR) / > Le ore ray & PES antenna bce Lobe g avolls\ keam = = In ockition to Re desired neclirtion anne of dhe cksived mays ate sot coped by retleby cool this concictuenls il eves VW) Seer wecliction trom dhe oo naotorlor occured tt He bread direction in addition —te He clesivecl xocltlon this is leroum os Lxokloke — saaliceiom . Wi) When oper mo Hy 1s qpeatey Bam My he lea! pat is outsicle the wetlectos pill over lone occesns - iv) When S/o < >A, ecal port je ingide the wsetlerley 70 illoves lose rours = bat He SIluemimad tow al setkcles become mon-cmitorm and gain ccecluces he efficiemae, V) The relation belween xe number omel angular operotue is gen by, fh = zcat (8A) Feel =a of reflector Aertermas- » pie anlenra feed 11) Encl tine feed i) orn feed 3 Ww) Casseepain ateecls Bpslebeds ek ge te, cysans mission we —She \2 End Boe PPry WY | difole) steed +er a Praibe lord actletenr ne —— es yd = 2 hypes bo lve! Cool bbrber! vow a fives ot pore bolornrf ard! |, id Feroleolic eller Tra ods Crroin -sefletox ) aw Offset Rraboloil wetlectov sey to loskkny af Amero, ae Retleclos Advantages _ of Cosseqratn teed & Reduckton tm Spill Over & ratnoy lobe sadiation NStple in constyuetion "Que im expension B Iakdey Used 9 cued pot mote comenvnrcabon Ve Salelibe Seception % tracking Vi ppilsty fo place Teed i a Convinienk location Slot Antenna Typical slot antenna i= S\ok Antenna iy Gin 4 Ze % 35830 [ory 2% 35580 4y wher, Za Z_ > Yerminel Tmpedance of slot 4 > Lemina| enpedane of dipole Yy > adeittonce of dipole cot in a Sheek of Conductor which The Slot antenna is Simply an Opening 2 Cooxia) Cable lov) Wave - ig energized 10 Some appropiate Tanner Such as Vi guide. A. hovzarkal slot produces verkcal pelaszation in the Aiveckion Nomal *2 horizontal Polorvzation - Ye Slot and the Vertical slot produces dipole inrberms of gem ok vesernbles & hott wove A Single att Gonvelength Sl % Yadiation except tht there 'S differance ' Polarization. ; Tn Order to enhance gain awd diveckise properties ot basic Seestan to Ory oF ek antenna is Conon $e ove nay of Sok Ye manne is dipcles. Use of the Fact tre energy “Wis Slot Antenna iS moves rw Slots 9 Aad, casts ao" & Nave Macht oe? high fre, Conducting Plain. “The dipcle antenna 's Complementary to the Slot antenna as Shoun in ty. “The tncal and cv tegon af the slot trlachored for the dipole shape bo Lhe Gipok except ig identical in So the Sit aud honizontally “The Patten of He Slot antenna Polonized hat the clechricthield tom be Veically Polated tor digole- jerocan Yeon the Reoperties Slot ond He dipole Slot iS The Ragrbies of dipele edicted- The tbe easily R Containing Yhe of Complernentany Slot Con \f the Shee garg to be Complerertany Qe lange and Pedec by Conducting - Radielion Hom back Side ot conActing plane hove he opposite polanity Jagn Utah oF the Graplerentany Arne became he Gave in cobvch Seds are necked MeVhods_of Feeding of slot antenna = ( O% —— : a bond het (Q) Contec Feed iby off- Cente Feed dyote Son || Verde cy cylindwical Fed (dd Plannel asney of Slot Cunt) Antenna ce) Annoy Slot Anbenna Radiation Plee Babine Vanciple - Cases) * Fae 4, (wy.2) So, Boro BON Comper wy E plore of woken Sescer okses Case - thee Ke Fs 24, (24,20 Go ° Fs: Fite Serees | f, (04.2) = $,(5,2) af, yz) No Seem Bebinek is usefo! 9 developing @ aelaktonship glok ond Comptirnentony antenna» “These Rineiple Kons tht ¢ ted ehind He Seven with Ye Open i6 adad to He Suerd of Compliroen tory shu- 1 to the i Seveen core. the Sum fs ey" “Therdoe at the Sore point xy b ° Fs 2F,+fo Relobonshie ever dipcle and Slot aekenne Slot antenna Lnpedanc of Slot antenna Zs On Ainted | keoe 2! ary antenna Za innpedonee of Complemen id agree field af Slot at ary pork P Lek Fs & Hs be The elechic Ow ig ot the terminal 41" af sist gio BY —0 The Voltage (5) he line frkegrat of Fs Ov He Path Small ecko element of length “£° alony Rah ev. Sirmslonty (Ts) ak the “Femnina) of Stok iS gv by Ty = bu, de eee Ase 470 Now, the generator a be Qanected to the nevnals Aipole + Tg = bewnino! Voltage » Ya 2 ees Lk Got 3s Whee Lh = ieminal drpedencs of Apo. fon) hiring powte Empedence tt FA ¢ Hy he eleilias ome magni fuel of ~ltpote ot array poral ‘pt, “a= fm [ ud +@ Q>e Sa = € Ha olf Tt = 2 Lm J tian +@ C0 & é x Aro cn, Stat Ne hee d Hs Md > © Onn ft ee = SL hie [ &u9® C470 + C0 8, Gb @tO % © Vo = Np es ! Me. fe =A Ig 2 ; I ful OF@ mm ©, Sq _ g Xo Me Ne / mi ° 2 -e Sa. 2 a .% . jhe Jag, a =A as = 1e "% W377 A Xs-za = (877)? + oot © 35532 Fhe Pmrpedemes ef dp le a tenen. ZA = Rot + f Xa Zaz 35532 Rol tf xa % = 85532 (Ra —j Xd ) Raz xa® Held Componente of stot amtznna - fo = Be bong E, 1 6 Cos x dry $= > 6 CBO smo iJ y He = C Cue sim Cos x . - Atny “ pm] Hy = | Ley | - & + General expresion of Ze 1. Broad = vodiotion pattern 2 Beam aren py = Vy oF hauls space Cor) about Th steractian e Directiviky Dp = ur A Daw = (0 [gio 4 = |p & o6021 p= 6.021 2 . Runctiation concvactrence G& = (ae gor weer — @ x a= + (2) Joy Wr A ar) B Gta 2 weg es orct itth step:_te _incremve _Barcuuvidth 1. By ncreabitg fhe Thicknee cht eg te parallel pice buunmision line 2. By wirg igh sielectuc wnstant (ér) sulostrake 3, By increnirg the tpowetonce of the microstrip 4 By asitirg rennfive component to recluce the VswR A.cwan wd Liner & cya poluxization Gi) sna ize & (es weight city Nowow berm of vast ation Civ) Gave 0} fintlevion & Jabriauion (vy) The geedllines & watchirg N/w?s ane dab ricerterk Stimubtcunourdy with antenna, Sbuwctwe ay Naxvow Barcwvidth Gi) Romtiakor nto had plane cil) Poor . Era Fire yasticktton performance Gv) Low = power oreltirg —capalbi lity W) No provision gor aayostirg any design ‘value agtey Folbyiceuk.on eer ee ae the divectivity cj The -ontenra, roudtipbe —microstip > emencverdL > OMY - Com) unt@veNness Then ok (2m) 7% doe, trot or G the oe Oo cork §— bourdty — coreifions in lossy medium , rere est A onique solution doy the max wells OQUALtON . Proot Field sources finsicle” & owhide 'S : Bn dy Ave > Nobame oF metivun Yo Ya unit vertoy Ctungentiak to the sucfoce ) Ahree_Jorm_o)_TEP. Form - 1 Soyjone Gurrent Aensitied a; & i on Te surgace Ss * uf) Tea XH Me =&xmu aden siti For - SWFA current my alone on the sursore "57 which is the eleetrit erduehirg Suytaue a 4 n Me =E xn o Form - surface Cusremt cchen sition Jy tone on the aurtoce ‘5 ' which » rreag neti C corcluc tit SUA. FEP states frat the fielel involvecl in volume ‘V2! became of sources in Volume ‘Vi’ oan bE proclucect by -an equvllont sef ot vivtliak sources on sursare’t” iy given by Jy y nxt Js = Oleebric suurtore current wlens ity Ms = Exnr Ms + magnetic surface cuurent densities E ark 4 fields on surface $7 proclueed bY prigiral sources present in volume YW vane Set of Vivbunt sowrces procauced "nut * fielel every whewe in Votume vi! FEP suggest frat the dielely in Volume * Ur! can be commpustect wsirg origiral Sources * Vy * avel eq uanuloun fF cuyrent Souxegs ON Ractiation from Rertrung whey Ts wo 1o.0} brook sito Hype OF cvocerys wore couraged one above carother ran the vertowy gue Cor) Stackerl JOTI formeol Tn vecteungwlew Cor) Stostke ol sownouy fhe elements cwveinged in vecteungeleur puuttern $e of — fources oceupiec| ot FlXt cure (ov) shon in followirg dig... “e? perce Oe Cie) axvouy rectongutey shopes a ef Curent Shot of damension (Meh)! Revrangter Brodlsile Array ° ° 4 Th fed Geen ed plane apendls only on | ye cbaccion Hal ue at height hh of te arveng (fancbin ' a Piell Pallant» X-2 ‘plane absponds oly on Z~- diection fs 1g! tion Hak x dergih 'R' f He array (fanckin § 6) eho) CA) Recteung low won 6} «© Tsotropic Sources 1 » | ul n- aomart > ea > x (0) RecteunguWier avy oF (man) isotropic Sources 4 Jy m-tadiakor Rt The directivity 4 on antenna a geese by An Dm © ft Sf vi p, lo4)6ivo dod¢ > AT C8. $ Dron »- ee > 6 J fore. 4) See dodg PLO 9 + Space cpouur fratlion whi Uns —°B fo,q),Plo.d) mR sje of He ld ln Pld The Spore -fietd Patten of ange Aectargulay vray 4 gem by, Plog) = Fry (o,$)- Fazle.9) + © 3 ay E (9, *) - z _ © ¥ yo a] > Substieb p> Bh stro ard pis pescg Efe,p). se (PE?) 58] Ph sng 4 2 ee ee "| ae ea peat a Elo, 9) 83 [amsee) Soo 284 sa) »Oy “(a oo vo Ah Soo AL sind on Qn S i | D: Ai P |” Si? (ahe ) so" (742) > @® “% -¥, [7s p ° ne : de dg a (242) Hee ik & ayrumed Hat ‘The avay i Yooktaling only prward dikerlsn § heb & fo bakward Aficio Hat's why inkgyakion tr Guakidn D 8 -from “Yo 4 TY Sine oly Smal Yalus ef 6 gb Gnbibect Shyptheantly to te Valin of Salagraling WR Powe fo Aeplace the litt % Sn bgvabin by ~ 0 to too DD: D ts 5 th a » dz’ wide > dg: A dy! » a Th ain a fp ee ee Aya) oe wre Eg WA nL Aw WP ga? 1 |) Saf 2) ay Mrs . Zz “oz ____ 4 yond y Sikh . go is My we Whs hiv x he > 1a.56 x 0 a 1ro6GX Avon % apeiabine xe Tha te Emprsrion = AY olifestioity Ya large — Acetarguler — beard sido aoay wile uniforeo amplitid aki bicoo Yodualirg uni dtekorally. a) UMeorRM AND TAPERED APERTURE A Unifoum = peectunee. wtth — Jeounol plone Con basically Cbsenve «UL Hee Potent Eneogey ind — Con. sequinrathy faue ro BACK: Seater. Tr Conbiaat,, a —tappenect openatuse 44 Capnle — obsewiny only Foc thy Fodder Lowgy . Thue , Some the Power. not beginning Which dre. Obsexued by Ze url be fete Ae — ostatea , Mar Wkely the back Scatter Afrectton, but Not necessautly SU — OdSesueol by Some, Oth, Observing mechangsn - Thr STHuatfon §— Lerarmomtgtck foe planar apertures 4a the pollowtey, {equéce tuhme we Show the ifowre Apacune. at the tp Ona a) ey Topperel —apoume The bottom, Assume thar “the Presa sty a two Ohestumes ue ve AR, Ontformn Apex tue Tapperect Aperture. Stealer beamutdth, | Longa. beanuutdth. Hh Qair how Yaz Sreollen Pack seatley | Barkccatter lange Unitfem 4 Nurntnatfor <- { V/4 mkymuvn ccottoing antenna V/ | | | Ss aa — U wife a Tayoted 4 babu, &) Tapered Mertine | Dfshtiucton hoped tyartine = x Gp tere m ee TopPoreck Tivectratn - (yA ven- whni alot Q - > = NE. awd ana - Ustfm Ble vi nation Tapo%ad ‘ums nation ®© Fink termmal inpedonia Nz slo€ ankenna when impedane o& thin Aj, olipole ankenna iS 7343.52. Soln' Zg =z 38530 Za = S5550 734435 Zs = 554.\7 —j2\h.03 ® Cin termina’ impedance ob complementary Sloe ok cyltrayicel dipole wth length +p chérats vakio of ak, Length of © 725A Dave

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