U1-1. Use the method of virtual work to determine the tensions in cable AC. The lamp weighs 100 N (© 10 kg). Free Body Diagram : The tension in cable AC canbe determined by releasing cable AC. The system has only one degree of ‘eedom defined by the independent coordinate 8 When 8 undergoes a postive displacement 68, only Fy and the weight of lamp (100 N farce) do work Virtual Displacement: Force Ey and 100 N force are located from the fixed pint B using positon coordinates y, and x 4210s 0 Brym sin 060 m ya=tsin Ob, 208 060 2) Virul-Work Equation : When y, and x, undergo positive viral 02 2 02 cos 02 cos. 0 + Y004 cos? O + 06 soo Fe = (02 cot 0 + 4008 cow? @ + 06) sin Ans 672"11-8. Determine the force developed in the spring required to keep the 100-N (=10-kg) uniform rod AB in equilibrium when @= 35°. Free Body Diagram : Toe sytem bas oly ove dogee of fcedom etined by the independent coordinate 6. When @ undergoes positive displacement 60, only the spring force Fn the weight of the rod (100 N) and te 100-%-m couple moment do work, Virtual Displacement : "The sping force F, andthe weight of the rod (100 N) are located from the fixed pois A wsing positon coordinates x and x espectivel spa 6c00 — Biy=-6sin059 tN} ye3sin@ — Gr=3em 689 2) Virul-Work Equation : When points B and C undergo postive inal displacements 8 and Sj, the spring force Fy and the ‘Weight ofthe ro (100 N) do native werk The 10.8 "m couple ‘moment docs neyative work whea rod AB undergoes a postive intial rotation 82 BU =0; Fey ~ 10085. ~ 100890 3) Substuing Bas (1 and [2] into [3 yes (Gli si. 9~300 8 0-100) 8 i) Sinoe 80 0, then (6, sn 8300 cos 6100 300 os @ + 100 6 ain 6731-9. Determine the angles 6 for equilibrium of the 4 KN (=400 kg) disk using the principle of the virtual work. Neglect the weight ofthe rod. The spring is unstretched when @ = 0° and always remains in the vertical position due to the roller guide. Free Body Diagram :Toe system has only one depres of reedom. dined by the independent coordinate @. When 9 undergoes poste displacement, only the spring force Fy, the weight of the rod (43) do work Viral Displacement: Toe seing fore Fo the weigh ofthe disk (4 KN) are located from the xed point 2 wsing poston ‘coordinates yo andy, respectively tin By Bsn By cos060 1} 8050 ve me Virtual-Work Equation : When points Cand A undergo postive vital displacements 53nd the spring force Fy does negative ‘work wl the weight ofthe disk (4 EN) do positive work. BHO; Ady = Febpe= 0 a Substuing Eas (1 and 2} nt (3 yields (12 F,) 608 0300 4 However, om the sping forma, 2 Substaing his vale into Bg (4 yields 5041 sin 0) = 500 (2-80 sin 6 cos 0500 Since 88-0, hea 12-50sin 020 con 0=0 11-10. If each of the three links of the mechanism hhas a weight of 200 N (=20 kg), determine the **?¥i" angle 6 for equilibrium of the spring, which, due to the roller guide, always remains horizontal and is unstretched when 0= 0° cos yan dcos 8, ar=2sin 0 bax = 500(2 sin 0) = 1000 sin 8 Bum 0; -2008, 220065) ~ Pe [20044 sin 8) + 2(200)2 sn 8) —F,2 cos 9) 5 {1600 sn 62000 sin coe 0) 80 = HC cos 8-405 45%) 674IL-1. When 0 = 20°, the 5 kN (=500-kg) uniform block compresses the two vertical springs 1 em. If the uniform links AB and CD each weigh 1 KN (© 100 kg), determine the magnitude of the applied ‘couple moments M needed to maintain equilibrium when 8= 20°, Free Body Diagram : Te systems as caly ove degre of feedom ened bythe independent coordiate 8 When Gundergoes@ positive Sou 80, en seen pt, 0037. Seige Bl,Trpha son oA A Ta eyo 1 1500(0.0579) = 131.86 N.Soboiing te above reas nt a, [4], we have Juss t2sNm Ane Bios WF -2(05T11-22, The crankshaft is subjected to a torque of M = 50 N-m, Determine the vertical compressive force F applied to the piston for equilibrium when 0= 60" roe Body Diggram : The system has oly one degre of feedom etned by the independent coordinate &. When 0 undergoes 3 postive displacement 8, ony the fre F and couple momeat M. ‘o work Virtual Displacement : Force Fis located from the fixed pois sng the posonal coordinate Using the law of cosines 21931) 08 00" - 8) a However, cos (90° ~ 6) = sin & Then Eg. [1] bosomes 2 9 6ycsin @ Differentiating this expression, we ave 2yc8ye—6Bye ia 0 6y- 608 9.80 a Vital Work Equation: When point Cunderoes postive viual spcement fore F does negative work The coupe momest -M docs poitive work whoa lnk A undergoes viral oon 32. a w Foie + MB: ‘Substinting B92] into [3 yeas ( , 6y. cos 8 { Fa 60-0 (Bea 6s" Since 80 0, then Fe ete equim poiton, = Sebati Ea. tne te o# 32~200K3) 008 30° ye 7368 om ro Ssbtinting te above ests nto 4 nd sting id M=SoN-cm, wekave 17.368) ~ 6 sin 60") FT Gese oor 80°76 a 68211-23. The assembly is used for exercise. It consist of four pin-connected bars, each of length L, and a spring of stiffness k and unstretched length a (<2 L). If horizontal forces P and -P are applied to the handles so that 0 is slowly decreased, determine the angle 0 at which the magnitude of P becomes a ‘rae Body Diagram Toe sym has oly oe See of ream ied by Se indepntent corte 8. When O undergoes posse dpe 0, she sp fore fad fore P do wor, Virual Displacements: Th sping fore fa fre P re oad ‘tom he td point Dad A wing prison coordinates yandx, reap, yates 8 bye-Lsn 050 uw Helin ® Se = Loe 058 a Virtual Work Equation: When pois A, C, B a Dunder positive ‘tal displaceren yan Bx, he sping frce ad force Pd ene west, SU=0, -26,5-2961=0 a ‘Sebstning as [1 an (2) m3] yee (25, sin Pen 8) 8 ° i From he omen. the sping seeches x= 2Len40—a Then he ping fore Fy = hr = K(2Leo a) 2c ka Subs this alae to U4 pits (AtLsin 6c 6 Deas 6~ 2Fot 6158 =0 Sie 150 0, then ” Fx #(teae-aeo) «0 4 683"11-24. Determine the weight W of the crate if the angle 6 = 45°. The springs are unstretched when 6 = 60". Neglect the weights of the members, Potential Function» The datums established a point A, Since the ceaiee of gravity of the ert i below the datum, its poteaal coergy is native, Hee, = (cos 9+ 205 = (6 cos 8) mand {he pring stetches x= 212 eos 8~ 2 cos 60") =(4 cos 8~ 2) w Equilibrium Postion : The systems equibviom if w Fe 2480 on sin 04240 sin +67 sin =O (1) A equilbrem poston, 0 = 45. Substituting this value ato 1g [i], we have 480 ot 5° sin 45° + 240 sin 45" 4 6W sin 45° = 0 We166N a411.28. Rods AB and BC have centers of mass located. ‘at their midpoints, fall contacting surfaces are smooth and BChasa mass of 100 kg, determine the appropriate mass of AB required for equilibrium. 125 con fF x=2S e088 3-125 co 9= 25 cos 0 y= 125 sn 8 5, = 0625 coe 98 B,= 125 coe 880 BU =; -m981)89,- 9818), =0 (981) 0.625 cos 59) ~ 9810.25 eos 850) = 0 L m9 81)0.625) 55 [mo.81) 981) 89-0 00 ks Ans 11-26. If the potential function for a conservative ‘one-degree-of freedom system is V= (Sx —2x*— 10) J, where x is given in meters, determine the positions for equilibrium and investigate the stability at each of these positions. V=8? 28-10 Hage (tr-aye=0 ye Osnd x= 0.167 m Ans £ xeo1em SYa450 sable Aas aim Sa4>0 sath 68511-27. If the potential function for a conservative ‘one-degree-of-freedom system is V = (12 sin 20 +15 cos 6) J, where 0° < 6 < 180", determine the positions for equilibrium and investigate the stability at each of these positions. 2 sn 20+ 15 eos 0 ca o 0; 24.08 20-15 sin O20 24 ~2 sit 8-15 sin @=0 48 sin! 0+ 15 in 8-240 Choosing he angle 0 < @< 180° enue snd on tas" A a8 sin 20-15 008 8 a S12<0 Unable 72>0 Stable Ans ns ‘Ans 11-28. If the potential function for a conservative one-degree-of-freedom system is V = (10 cos 28 +25 sin 6) J, where 0° < 6 < 180°, determine the positions for equilibrium and investigate the stability at each of these positions. Ve 100s 2025 sin @ For cgulibian | £Y -244<0, Unsuble 68611-29. If the potential function for a conservative one-degree-of-freedom system is V = (99* + 187) J, where x and y are given in meters, determine the equilibrium position and investigate the stability at this position, 11-30. The spring of the scale has an unstretched Tength of a. Determine the angle 6 for equilibrium when a weight W is supported on the platform. Neglect the weight of the members. What value W would be required to keep the scale in neutral equilibrium when 6 = 0°? Potential Function : Toe datas established at pat A. Since the ‘weight W is above te datum, its potential encry is posive. From the peomety, the spring sketches x= 2L sin Gand y = 2L cos & RL sia 8° + W(2L cos 6) Lit 04 204 coe 8 wv Equilibrium Postion: The systems in eqibeiem it SE = 0 Ss? sin cos 0-2WL: su sin 60s 8-2L sin © ap, a & 2a sin 20-20 Ein 0-0 Solving. ( ono onca( air Ane Stabili :To have nessa equiltrium at ea EE At? 00920-20008 0 eee Werke ‘Ans 68711.31. The two bars each have a weight of 80 N kg). Determine the required stiffness k of the spring so that the two bars are in equilibrium when 8 = 30°, The spring has an unstretched length of 1 m. = 2080) sin 0) (4.cos 0-17 w F160 008 0+ Ha cos 0 INA.) 6 ” 160 coe 30° ~ 44 coe 30" ~ 1 sin 30° = 0 k= 2812 Nm Ans 68811-32. The two bars each have a weight of 80N (= 8 kg). Determine the angle @ for the equilibrium and investigate the stability at the equilibrium position. ‘The spring has an unstretched length of I m. Potential Function : The datum is established at point A Since the center of gravity of the bass are below the datum, their potential energy is negative. Here, y, = 1 cos 8 m, y= 2eor 0+ Tove 0 3 coe Om and the spring stretches (cos )~ 1 =(4 cas 8-1) m fee ‘Fran, cos 9~ 19° 800 os & = 8003 c2s 8) 2400 cos! 8 1520 0s 0+ 150, Equilibrium Poston : The sytem isin equitsium it = 0, w a w a 4800 sin 0 os 0+ 1520 sia = 0 2400 sia 20+ 1520 sin @=0 Sotving. 0° of O=T1SH= 715° Ans ‘Stabitiy ev EE 480 co 204 1520 cn 0 #y oe 100 cos 0 + 1520 cos O° = 3280.60 ‘This, the gstem isan unstable quiibriam at = 0" Ans a pag = AB0D C8 M+ 150 as 7154" = 8187 >0 “Ths, the system is in stable equilbrium st 9= 715%" Ans 68911-33. The truck has a mass of 20 Mg and a mass center at G. Determine the steepest grade 8 along which it ean park without overturning and investigate the stability inthis position. Potential Function : The datum is established at point A, Sioce the centr of gravity forthe tracks ahove the dtm, ts potential energy is positive. Here, y= (LS sin 8+ 35 cos 8), VaV,= y= WIS sin 04 35 cos , es ira Potion The este sin quite it (© 500 kg) at its end. If the springs are originally unstretched when the bar is vertical, determine the required stiffness of the springs so thatthe bar is in neutral equilibrium when it is vertical aw wi scos 0-350 Since W #0, LS 0-35 6a 320 = 232 ane suai av 4 EE a werssin9-s5c08 “ 4 (1S sin 28.035 cos 28.20%) "9 _ ssiweco ‘Tous, he ek i unstable equim at = 23.2 Ana 11.34. The bar supports a weight of W= 5000.N- ¥=9e08 9 sia 0 26 sin 0 ang 8+ i + i sn w 2-45 000 sin 0+ 4225 sin 20) w Require, $F 20, 45 000 sin 0+ 14s sin Beas 8) sin 6=0, Ono" av. SF 2-45 000 cos 8 +145 cos 28) Newaleqaieiam equates 45 000 cos 0+ A5 cos 20) = 0 69011-38. The cylinder is made of two materials such that it has a mass of m and a center of gravity at point G. Show that when G lies above the centroid C of the eylinder, the equilibrium is unstable. Potential Function: The daar sestalsd at pint A, Since the enter of gravity ofthe eylindr is above the dtu potential nergy is poiive. Here, y= r+ d cos 8 Ve Vy= Wy gtr + dos wa quorum Postion : Te system isin equlibium it = 0 ev. SE =-med sin 620 sin 20 m0" Sabi av Ee xn cos 8 ay Gir, =e = med <0 “Ths, the cylinder is un unstable eaultriom at 0= 0° (QED) 11-36, Determine the angle @ for equilibrium and investigate the stability at this position. The bars each have a mass of 3 kg and the suspended block D has a mass of 7 kg. Cord DC has a total length of 1 m. 1500 a 1 y= Zain yy $14 2 ~c05 = 18-208 8 V= 29, Way, = WU sin O~ Wel ~2 2 0) & <1 cos 0-26 sin a w san un 6= ig = Bee <2 e-nr ‘Ans 2 -W sin 0~2Wp cos a on 20; SE <05¢-39 81) sia 121° ~ 140.81) cos 121%) a =-702¢0 Unstable ‘Ans11.37, The cup has a hemispherical bottom and a ‘mass m, Determine the position h of the center of ‘mass G so that the cup is in neutral equilibrium, Potential Puncion» The datums etblished point A. Since the center of gravity ofthe cup is above the datum, sponta enerey Ss postive Here, 9 w S emghsio sin 0-0 9-0" ‘Stabiliy :To have nesta equa asin 11-38. If each of the three links of the mechanism thas a weight W, determine the angle Ofor equilibrium, ‘The spring, which always remains vertical, is unstretched when = 0° cos 089 yeasind 6 yretavasin®, §,=2008 059 ye 2a+2asin ® §y,= 2ac0s 689 Fvtasin BU =0, WF) dy, + W5, = W5y=0 (= a sia Oy cs 0 80+ Wa cos 8 50+ Hida) cos 0.600 Assume 0 97,4068 #0 4W~tasin 0=0 aw) onsie'|) 69211-39, Ifthe uniform rod OA has a mass of 12 kg, determine the mass m that will hold the rod in equilibrium when @= 30°. Point C is coincident with B when OA is horizontal, Neglect the size of the pulley at B. Geometry sn wf snes [FF Ft Or len TF = om oo V0 - 40-6 aa 8 oa oa Potential Function: Te datums estabished st point 0, Since the center of gravity of the od andthe block are above the datum, ‘hei pote energy is positive. Here, sia Om. (8-(i0 ~ 410~ 6 sa 1 204 Y= M2 Won Wo = 981 913-0 = YiO~ Ga] #1177205 30 = 2043 m= 9.81 m7 ~ YID= 6 aa B+ $8.86 sin B Euiriam Peston: Te sysiecnis neti i x 2 gg(-f00~ 6s 748 20] sss260n0 Paine! us0 4 || | uo &) | 294m cost ene 45886 cos30"=0 bse "oon" ie a 11-40. The uniform right circular cone having a _mass m is suspended from the cord as shown. Determine the angle @ at which it hangs from the wall for equilibrium. Is the cone in stable equilibrium? Sin 8= 05 cn 6 1661 693I-41, The homogeneous cylinder has a conical cavity cut into its base as shown. Determine the depth d of the cavity so that the cylinder balances on the pivot and remains in neutral equilibrium, O00) f(x}o0re LV ~~ (507050) — ms0yad VacF~a) cos 00m) & =m 5-2) sin 9-0 (00° (euliteium postion) WF o08 ov wo Ato=0" was Bassas 028# ~ 1504+ 11 250=0 d= $1241 mm > 150 mm (NG) 4=879 me Ans11-42. A homogeneous block rests on top of the cylindrical surface. Derive the relationship between the radius of the cylinder, r, and the dimension of the block, b, for stable equilibrium. Hint: Establish the potential energy function for a small angle 8, ic., approximate sin 8 @, and cos @ = 1 - 07/2 Poentia Funcom: Toe datums etblshed at point 0. Since the ‘euler of gait for the block is above the datum, is potent >) energy is postive. Her, y= [+ 3) ous 0+ rOsin rn ; vewjawyrs $}em0+ 10 a0 fT For small angle 0 sin 0= @ and cos becomes 69511-43. The homogeneous cone has a conical cavity cut into it as shown. Determine the depth of d of the cavity in terms of h so that the cone balances on the pivot and remains in neutral equilibrium. 5 aie) = ri mh wa 1 1 fora aH Potential Function :The datum is estlished at point A. Siace te ‘center of gravity ofthe cone is above the datum. ss poten energy is postive. Here, y= (5 ~ 4) cos 8 =[fora- «Joo 1 = fis 00 f vew]b~ sic cos 9% MAR 3 caso trian Potion he esi ean t +9 wv Wa 3) s =? nono sin 9=0, O=0" aw Stabiliy To have neural equbium at 0» 0%, pr Wh 3d D cosor=0 my 4 oy on sist falrummestbe at the center gravity fornewal equa By subsitng 696*11-44, ‘The triangular block of weight W rests on the smooth comers which are a distance a apart, If the block has three equal sides of length d, determine the angle 0 for equilibrium. AF =AD sin 9 = AD sin (60 - Dea Sng ~ Hao ie oF Gin ors 9 ay (in 0" +0) sin or -0) “awe (0.5 cos 0-025 sit Wy w . = weostm4a) sin 0- SAS sin 8s 0 =05 sin 80s 9 =0 Require, sin =0 0-0" Ans and -asmiad~ (2es 9 =0 3) owcor'| | Ans \ 11-45. Two uniform bars, each having a weight W, are pin-connected at their ends. If they are placed over a smooth cylindrical surface, show that the angle 6 for equilibrium must satisfy the equation £08 sin’ 0 = al2r. 6711-46, ‘The uniform links AB and BC cach weigh 2.N (=02 kg) and the cylinder weighs 20'N (=2 ka). Determine the horizontal force P required to hold the mechanism in the position when 8 = 45°. The spring hasan unstretched length of 6 cm. ree Body Diagram : Toe system has only ove depres of fecedom, defined by the indepsodeot coordinate 0. When @ undergoes 2 Paste displacement 5, oaly the feces, the Weight of inks (GN), 205 force and force P do week Vinual Displacement : The position of points B, D and C are reasured fom the fixed point A wsing position coordinates ya Yond x respectively 1008 880 n 0s 9.59 2 20 cos ), See -20.sin 0 80 bi Vinal -Work Equation : When pont B, Dan Cuneo positive inal displacements 8), dj and Bc, sping force Fy that at t Polat C the weight of inks (2N) and 20-N force do negative work ile fre P does postive woek 80 =0; FyBic 2254) 208+ PBrc= 0 [8 Subatiang Bas (1, 2) an 3] at 4) yes (@0F, sin 9-207 sin 8-220 os 08 6 However, fom the sping formula, Fy = bx = 27200 cos 0) = 6 = dO cos 812. Substituting this vale into Ea [5] yeas (600 sin 8 cas 9-240 sn @~ 220 cs 20° sin 50=0 Since 884 0, then 800 sin 0 coe 0240 sin 0-20 cos 0-207 sin 0 0 08 = If eot = 12 ‘A qalitriam positon 5%. Then P= 40 cos 4S°—11 ct 48° 12-528 Ans 69811-47. The spring attached to the mechanism has an ‘unstretched length when 0=90°. Determine the position @ for equilibrium and investigate the stability of the ‘mechanism at this position, Disk A is pin-connected to the frame at B and has a weight of 20 N (=2 kg). Potential Function: Toe datas established at point C Since the eter of gravity of te dik is below the datum, its potential energy is native. Here, y =2(1.25 cos 0) = 25 cos Demand the Spring compresses x= (25 ~ 2 sin Oem. ee ee = 50 sia 8 100 sin 0 ~S0 cs 0+ $0 a Equilibrium Poston : Te sytem isin equitium it w 100 sin Beas 8-10 cos 0+ 505i = 0 50 sin 26-100 cos 8+ S0sin 8=0 ao Solving by til andere, ons" 100 coe 26-4100 sin 0+ 50 coe 0 ev : . Be 100508 75S + OD in 37.7% + 80 cor 3.77 125720 ‘Ths, the system is in stable equlrium at 8= 378° Ans 699"11-48, ‘The togele joint is subjected to the load P. Determine the compressive force F it creates on the cylinder at A as a function of 8. a 2hcos Ge= 2b sin 089 =Lsind By= Leos 088 BU=0. Pb) FEE=0 PL cs 0.50 Fl-2L sin 6 P cos 0+ 2F sin 9=0 ee Tend 11-49. The uniform beam AB weighs 100 N (10 kg). If both springs DE and BC are unstretched ‘when 6 = 90°, determine the angle @ for equilibrium using the principle of potential energy. Investigate the stability at the equilibrium position. Both springs always act in the horizontal position because of the roller guides at Cand E: Potential Punction:The datums established at point Since the eater of gravity of the beam is above the datum, is potetal coery is postive. Here, y=(G sin ® em the pring at Dsuetches, os 0) em ad the spring B compreses x= (6 cs Oem 1+¥, ie aEdets Wy (012 +H yan 9+18 9 z = 912 co? 0+ 3000 0 W ~_1524 sin 8005 0+ 300.005 0= 0 2 «52459 90504 30000 0° & 6 512 sin 204300 005 020 © «250204 300 0 sovin. ono x on94era94r jos sett ve sna cos28- 0 sn 8 2y . So] e-tsobcs 18-30 sn 9" Thus, the system is a stable eqllbrlam 2t 6= 90° Ans ev . . BL cg “i824 1800" — 300 in 9457 = 17987 <0 ‘Ts, the system iin unstable egllbrlam at 8=947° Ans 70011-50. The uniform bar AB weighs 10 N (= 1 kg). If the attached spring is unstretched when @ = 90°, use the method of virtual work and determine the angle 0 for equilibrium. Note thatthe spring always remains inthe vertical position due to the roller guide. ye tein By=1 cot 050 P= 200-1 sin) 6U =0; 105) + F5y=0 [0+ 2001 -sin cos 88-0 c08 020 snd 10-20sin 90° nar Ans U-S1, Solve Prob. 11-50 using the principle of potential energy. Investigate the stability of the bar ‘when it is in the equilibrium position. yetsino Vu 100) sin + $20x1~ 1 sia 8? w = 10608 0+ 2011 ~1 sn (1 cos Reguie, w o 10 cos 8 20-1 sin 9) cas or 10-20{1-1 sin =O 0090", of 0-30" ‘Ans 10 sin 0+ 201 1 sin OL sin &) + 20(-1 cos OKI €08 701"11-52. ‘The punch press consists of the ram Ry connecting rod AB, and a flywheel. If a torque of ‘M = SO.N-m is applied to the flywheel, determine the force F applied at the ram to hold the rod in the position 0 = 60°. ree Body Diagram : The sytem has only one degree of freedom efined by the independent coordinate &. When @ undergoes ostv isplacement 62 oly force Fand SON couple moment (o work Vinal Displacement: The fre F's ocated rom the fxed pint A asing the pion cowdinate x. Using the aw of cosines, 4m 04 = Ah +01 209101) cos @ a Ditersoiating the above expression, we have 0 = 2st, ~ O26 cos + 020 sin 060 024, tino . 84 ~ Ton coe 0= 2m, a % Viral - Work Equation : Whea point A undergoes positive vial displacement ry force F does negative work. The $0N:m couple ‘momeat des negative work whea the Mlywheel undergoes posiive ntl rotation 82 $020; -Féx,~5050%0 Bl Substiating Ba 2] into (3) yes (pltsegedir-s]ione Tow 0-2, Since 88 0, then 2s, sind D2 coe = 2,500 5002 c0s @— 2) 02, sn oy [At the equibcium posion, @ = 60", Substituting ito Ba. (1, 04 = x + 01 2(49101 cs 60" = 04405 ‘Sobstating the above results into By 8], we have 50.2 cos 60° — 210.4208)) _ 02104405) sin gor S12 N Ame 702