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THUỶ TRIỀU.
1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU.
2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN
THUỶ TRIỀU.
3.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU DÙNG
TRONG HÀNG HẢI.
4.TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO.
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2.TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO.


 GIÁO TRÌNH THUỶ TRIỀU.(PGS.TS LÊ
ĐỨC TOÀN).T1
 ADMIRALTY MANUAL NAVIGATION-
BR45.T2
 AMERICAN PRACTICAL NAVIGATOR.T3
 NAVIGATION FOR SECOND MATES.T4
 NAVIGATION FOR MASTERS.T5
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TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO.


 ADMIRALTY TIDE TABLES( NP201-204).
T6-T9.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU.

1.1.Lý thuyết thuỷ triều.

1.1.1.Lực hấp dẫn.


F=k*M1*M2/R2
k hằng số hấp dẫn.
M1,M2 khối lượng các thiên thể.
R khoảng cách giữa các thiên thể.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.1.2Lực ly tâm.Các điểm trên bề mặt trái
đất đều chịu tác động của lực ly tâm.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.1.3.Hai thiên thể có lực gây triều lớn nhất lên trái
đất là mặt trời,mặt trăng.Lực gây triều của các
thiên thể khác rất nhỏ.

1.1.4.Hệ thống trái đất & mặt trăng.


Mặt trăng chuyển động quanh trái đất theo quỹ
đạo elip.
Hệ thống trái đất & mặt trăng quay quanh
tâm quay của hệ.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.1.5.Hệ thống mặt trăng,trái đất ,mặt trời.
1.1.6.Do tương quan giữa trọng lượng,
Khoảng cách,lực gây triều của mặt trăng
bằng 2,17 lần so với mặt trời.
1.1.7.Dao động thuỷ triều sẽ có biên độ cực
đại tại xích đạo,cực tiểu tại cực.
Thực tế thuỷ triều diễn ra rất phức tạp.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.2.Các chế độ thuỷ triều.

1.2.1.Chế độ nhật triều.


1.2.2.Chế độ bán nhật triều.
1.2.3.Chế độ triều hỗn hợp.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


 So the point A on the surface must
rotate an additional 12 degrees
 (~50 mins) to reach the tidal bulge (i.e.
high and low tide occurs about 50 mins
later each day).
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.3.Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thuỷ triều.

1.3.1.Xích vĩ của mặt trời,mặt trăng.


1.3.2.Vị trí tương đối của trái đất,mặt trăng
Mặt trời.Spring tides,neap tides.
1.3.3.Cận điểm,viễn điểm.Perigee,Apogee.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.3.5.Triều sớm,triều muộn.primming,
Lagging.
1.3.6.Khu vực cạn.Thời gian triều dâng
ngắn hơn,thời gian triều rút dài hơn.Nước
lớn kép,nước ròng kép.
1.3.7.Khí áp.34mb/0.3m.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


1.3.8.Gió.Ảnh hưởng đến giờ,độ cao thuỷ
triều.
1.3.9.Thuỷ triều giả.Seiches.
1.3.10.Sóng thần.Storm surges.
1.3.11.Sóng động đất.Tsunamis.
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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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1.LÝ THUYẾT VỀ THUỶ TRIỀU


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2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN


ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.

 high water.
 low water.
 Stand.
 Range.
 Semidiurnal type of tide .
 Diurnal tide .
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2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN


ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.

 Mixed tide .
 spring tides.
 neap tides.
 perigean tides.
 apogean tides.
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2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN


ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.
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TIDAL HEIGHTS - DEFINITIONS

Charted
height

MHWS
MHWN

Depth of water
MLWN
MLWS
Drying
height
Chart Datum
Charted depth
(sounding)
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TIDAL HEIGHTS - Dartmouth

6.0m

MHWS
MHWN

4.9m Depth of water


3.8m
MLWN
MLWS 2.0m

0.6m
Chart Datum 1.1m

3.0m
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2.CÁC THUẬT NGỮ LIÊN QUAN


ĐẾN THUỶ TRIỀU.
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3.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU


DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.

 Thông tin thuỷ triều trên hải đồ.


 Bài toán thời điểm,độ cao thuỷ triều.
 Bài toán qua cạn.
 Bài toán qua cầu.
 Thông tin về dòng triều.
 Phương pháp hằng số điều hoà đơn giản.
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TIDAL DIAMONDS & DATUMS

Tidal streams referred to HW at PLYMOUTH


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TIDAL DIAMONDS & DATUMS

3 hours before
HW
Springs
2.9 kn
Neaps
Stream setting 1.5 kn
towards
318(T)
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TIDE TABLE
GMT

0456 5.8 m HW Range


18 4.1
1205 1.7 m LW metres
TH
1727 5.9 m
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TIDE TABLE
Add an hour for
British Summer Time

0556 5.8 m
18 1305 1.7 m
TH
1827 5.9 m
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TIDAL CURVE
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TIDAL CURVE
Use curve to find:
Height of tide at Dartmouth at 1415

Look up time and height of HW Dartmouth and height of LW


HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m
Is it Neaps or Springs? Close to Springs
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TIDAL CURVE

HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

HW height 4.8m entered here

LW height 0.7m entered here


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TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

Draw a line joining the points


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TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

Write time of HW in box below

1815
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TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

Write subsequent hours in boxes

1415 1515 1615 1715 1815


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TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

Draw vertical line from 1415


to spring curve

1415 1515 1615 1715 1815


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TIDAL CURVE
HW Dartmouth 1815 BST 4.8m LW 0.7m

Draw horizontal line from


curve to diagonal line

1415 1515 1615 1715 1815


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TIDAL CURVE
Height of tide at 1415 = 2.9m

Draw perpendicular to HW line

1415 1515 1615 1715 1815


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RULE OF TWELFTHS

1st hour 1/12

2nd hour 2/12

3rd hour 3/12

4th hour 3/12

5th hour 2/12

6th hour 1/12


HW +1h +2h +3h +4h +5h LW
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SECONDARY PORTS - TIMES & HEIGHTS


Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0000 0600 0000 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1200 1800 1200 1800
Differences FOWEY
- 0010 - 0015 - 0010 - 0005 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.2

Standard Port PLYMOUTH


Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1
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INTERPRETING THE 'DIFFERENCES BLOCK'


Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1

Time 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Diff
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INTERPRETING THE 'DIFFERENCES BLOCK'


Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1

Time 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Diff +25 +45 +25
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INTERPRETING THE 'DIFFERENCES BLOCK'


Standard Port PLYMOUTH
Times Heights in Metres
High Water Low Water MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS
0100 0600 0100 0600 5.5 4.4 2.2 0.8
1300 1800 1300 1800
Differences TORQUAY
+ 0025 + 0045 + 0010 0000 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.1

Time 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Diff +25 +29 +33 +37 +41 +45 +42 +39 +36 +34 +31 +28 +25
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INTERPOLATION

Torquay 30th May When is HW in the morning?


Standard Port Plymouth (Devonport) HW 0320 UT
Difference approx +35 mins HW Torquay 0355
0600
0500
0400
0300
0200
0100
+0025 +0030 +0035 +0040 +0045
Time Differences (min) Torquay
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TIDAL STREAM ATLAS

4 hours after
HW PORTSMOUTH

Atlas gives
Direction &
Rate
of tidal stream
for each hour
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TIDAL STREAM ATLAS

4 hours after
HW PORTSMOUTH

Short and thin


arrows show
weak stream

Thick and long


arrows show
strong stream
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TIDAL STREAM ATLAS

Stream
03,05
Slack
Rate of stream
0.3 kn at Neaps
0.5 kn at Springs

Rate of stream
1.2 kn at Neaps
12,23
2.3 kn at Springs
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HOURS RELATED TO HIGH WATER


Time of High Water = 1200
HW - 2½ hrs 0930
HW - 2
HW - 1½ hrs 1030
HW - 1
HW - ½ hr 1130
HW HW 1200
HW + 1 HW + ½ hr 1230

HW + 2 HW + 1½ hrs 1330
HW + 2½ hrs 1430
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Mean Range
PLYMOUTH COMPUTATION OF RATES
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs

4m

3m

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Mean Range
PLYMOUTH
COMPUTATION OF RATES
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs

4m Rate of stream at Neaps = 2.3 knots


(from tidal stream atlas or diamonds)
3m

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Mean Range COMPUTATION OF RATES


PLYMOUTH
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs

4m
Rate of stream at Springs = 4.6 knots
3m (from tidal stream atlas or diamonds)

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Mean Range COMPUTATION OF RATES


PLYMOUTH
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs

4m

3m

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Mean Range COMPUTATION OF RATES


PLYMOUTH
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs

4m Today’s Range 4.2m


Rate = 4.1 knots
3m

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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Mean Range COMPUTATION OF RATES


PLYMOUTH
TIDAL STREAM RATE (in tenths of a knot)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
6m

5m
Springs Springs
Today’s Range 5.4m

4m Rate = 5.2 knots

3m

Neaps Neaps
2m

1m
Tenths of a Knot 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
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3.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU


DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.

 Phương pháp hằng số điều hoà đơn giản,sử


dụng 6 sóng thành phần.
 H=FM2xHM2xCOS(AM2xt+GM2)+FS2xHS2xCOS(A
S2xt+GS2)+FK1xHK1xCOS(AK1xt+GK1)+F01xH01x
COS(A01xt+G01)+D4COSd4+D6COSd6.
 F hệ số thủy triều.
 H biên độ.
 A góc thủy triều.
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3.CÁC BÀI TOÁN THUỶ TRIỀU


DÙNG TRONG HÀNG HẢI.

G góc vị trí.
 M2 bán nhật triều mặt trăng.(29độ/giờ)
 S2 bán nhật triều mặt trời.(30 độ/giờ)
 K1 nhật triều mặt trăng,mặt trời.(15 độ/giờ)
 01 nhật triều mặt trăng.(13.9 độ/giờ)

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