Python 速查表代码版 #12 判断元素x是否在L中

In [21]: L In [31]: 3 in L
Copyright © 2021 Zhen Guo
Out[21]: [1, 7, 5, 3] Out[31]: True
列表

#1 创建一个列表 #8 移除第一个7 #13 元素x在列表L中第一次出现位置

In [12]: L = [1,2,3,4,5] In [22]: L.remove(7) In [33]: L.index(2)
Out[33]: 1
#2 访问单个元素 In [23]: L
In [13]: L[0] Out[23]: [1, 5, 3] #14 列表生成式，遍历L列表内元素，
Out[13]: 1 # 如果大于2求平方，最后得到一个列表
#9 批量增加元素
#3 访问前3个元素 In [24]: L.extend([2,4]) In [34]: [x**2 for x in L if x>2]
In [14]: L[0:3] Out[34]: [9, 25]
Out[14]: [1, 2, 3] In [25]: L
元组
Out[25]: [1, 5, 3, 2, 4]
#4 访问最后3个元素 #1 创建元组x，等于(1, 2, 3)
In [15]: L[-3:] #另一种方法 + In [1]: x = 1,2,3
Out[15]: [3, 4, 5] In [26]: L + [2,4]
Out[26]: [1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4] In [2]: x
#5 批量替换元素 Out[2]: (1, 2, 3)
In [16]: L[1:4] = [7,8] #10 移除最后一个元素
In [27]: L.pop() #2 使用一对括号创建元组x
In [17]: L Out[27]: 4 In [3]: x = (1,2,3)
Out[17]: [1, 7, 8, 5]
In [28]: L In [4]: x
#6 移除L[2]元素 Out[28]: [1, 5, 3, 2] Out[4]: (1, 2, 3)
In [18]: del L[2]
#11 对列表L排序 #3 访问元组索引等于1的元素
In [19]: L In [29]: L.sort() In [5]: x[1]
Out[19]: [1, 7, 5] Out[5]: 2
In [30]: L
#7 增加一个元素x Out[30]: [1, 2, 3, 5] #4 x解包后分别赋值给a,b,c，
In [20]: L.append(3) # 赋值后分别等于1,2,3
In [6]: a,b,c = x In [14]: keys = ('a', 'b', 'c') ...: D[(1,3,2)] = 10
...: D = dict.fromkeys(keys)
In [7]: a In [29]: D
Out[7]: 1 In [18]: for k in D: Out[29]: {(1, 3, 2): 10}
...: print(k)
In [8]: b a #10 通过键访问字典
Out[8]: 2 b In [31]: D[(1,3,2)]
c Out[31]: 10
In [9]: c
Out[9]: 3 #5 打印字典的值 # 若键不存在，get返回-1
In [21]: D = dict(d1=10, d2=20) In [30]: D.get((1,2,3),-1)
字典
Out[30]: -1
#1 创建字典方法1 In [22]: for k, v in D.items():
集合
In [10]: D = {'d1': 10, 'd2': 20} ...: print(k,v)
d1 10 #1 创建一个集合
In [11]: D d2 20 In [32]: S = {1,3,5}
Out[11]: {'d1': 10, 'd2': 20}
#6 打印字典的键值对(元组) In [33]: S
#2 创建字典方法2 In [23]: for k, v in D.items(): Out[33]: {1, 3, 5}
In [12]: D = dict(d1=10, d2=20) ...: print(k,v)
d1 10 #2 列表转集合，实现去重
In [13]: D d2 20 In [34]: L = [1, 3, 1, 5, 3]
Out[13]: {'d1': 10, 'd2': 20} ...: S = set(L)
#7 字典键转列表
#3 创建字典方法3 In [24]: list(D.keys()) In [35]: S
In [14]: keys = ('a', 'b', 'c') Out[24]: ['d1', 'd2'] Out[35]: {1, 3, 5}
...: D = dict.fromkeys(keys)
#8 对键排序 #3 检查某个元素是否在集合S中
In [15]: D In [25]: sorted(D.keys()) In [36]: 3 in S
Out[15]: {'a': None, 'b': None, 'c': None} Out[25]: ['d1', 'd2'] Out[36]: True

#9 字典键是元组 #4 增加1个元素
#4 打印字典的键 In [28]: D = {} In [37]: S.add(2)

In [38]: S
Out[38]: {1, 2, 3, 5}
#5 移除1个元素
In [39]: S.remove(5)
In [40]: S
Out[40]: {1, 2, 3}
#6 求S1和S2交集
In [41]: S1={1,3,2}
In [42]: S2={3,1,4}
In [43]: S1.intersection(S2)
Out[43]: {1, 3}
#7 求在S1不在S2中元素
In [44]: S1={1,3,2}
In [45]: S2={3,1,4}
In [46]: S1 - S2
Out[46]: {2}
#8 求S1和S2所有不同元素
In [47]: S1^S2
Out[47]: {2, 4}
#9 求S1和S2的并集
In [48]: S1 | S2
Out[48]: {1, 2, 3, 4}
循环
#3 列表和enumerate
#1 range方法 In [53]: L = [1, 3, 5]
In [49]: for x in range(6): ...: for i,v in enumerate(L):
...: print(x) ...: print(i,v)
0 0 1
1 1 3
2 2 5
3
4 #4 zip 方法
5 # zip组合L1和L2，x,y是对应元素组成的元组
# 打印返回元组
In [50]: for x in range(1,6):
...: print(x) In [54]: L1, L2 = [1,3,5], [2,4,6]
...: for x,y in zip(L1,L2):
1 ...: print(x,y)
2 1 2
3 3 4
4 5 6
5
#5 for 和 sorted
In [51]: for x in range(1,6,2): # 对列表去重后排序，再依次打印
...: print(x) In [55]: L = [10, 3, 5,3]
1 ...: for i in sorted(set(L)):
3 ...: print(i)
5 3
5
#2 for和字典 10
In [52]: D = {'f1': 10, 'f2': 20}
...: for k,v in D.items(): #6 for 和 reversed
...: print("D[{}]={}".format(k,v)) # 反转列表L内元素，再依次打印
D[f1]=10 In [56]: L = [10,3,5,3]
D[f2]=20 ...: for x in reversed(L):
 ...: print(x) ...: try:
3 ...: ai = int(a)
5 ...: print('输入了一个整数 %d #8 for 和 continue
3 ，input 结束' % (ai,)) In [58]: def f(nums):
10 ...: break ...: for num in nums:
...: ...: if num <= 0:
...: except: ...: continue
#7 while 和 break 结合 ...: print("%s is not a Integer" ...:
# 检测输入是否为整数，直到输入整数， % (a,)) ...: print('得到一个大于0的数 %d'
# 执行break退出while循环 % (num,))
# 测试
In [57]: while True: please input an Integer: 1.2 In [59]: f([-4,-10,-1,3,-9])
...: a = input('please input an 1.2 is not a Integer 得到一个大于0的数 3
Integer: ') please input an Integer: 1
...: 输入了一个整数 1 ，input 结束 Copyright © 2021 Zhen Guo