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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 220 (2016) 338 – 345

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Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ECE 2016
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.507
Jana Poláková et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 220 (2016) 338 – 345 339

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Assumptions determined based on semi-structured interview based on which the farm owner diversified:

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Jana Poláková et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 220 (2016) 338 – 345 343

 
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Development of farm´s diversification activities in the years 2001 to 2014

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Evaluation of the fulfilment of prerequisites for the realization of diversification strategies according to set parameters

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