Okay, let's see, share my screen.

Get our slides up.

Okay, so we've got new kids on the block. And the reason I say New Kids on the Block is because we
don't really see the United States or Japan getting into the whole imperialism.

Business what they certainly do here with the age of New Imperialism, we start to see the United States,
you have a documentary that talks about manifest destiny and its expansion westward.

This quote here by then Senator William Seward, he would become Abraham Lincoln Secretary of State,
but he says I'm open up a highway through your country.

From New York to San Francisco, but your domain under cultivation and your 10,000 wheels of
manufacturer in motion.

The nation that draws most materials and provisions from the earth and fab great fabricates the most
and sells the most productions.

And fabrics to foreign nations must be and will be the great power of the earth so Seward here is saying
that the United States has an abundant resource in natural resources and Industrial Light.

And if we put I say we, as if I'm there. If the United States puts that energy in motion, then the United
States will be not only a great power, but the greatest power.

So, put another way, is Seward is seeing that the United States can harness its commercial abilities and
what the United States will establish, at least in the minds of many.

They will establish a commercial empire. That's key. Folks, you'll probably see it on a test.

United States is trying to establish a commercial empire. So, not an empire of colonial domain, like we
saw with the carving up of Africa or the taking of colonies and Southeast Asia, but rather an empire with
just.

Enough just the right enough in the minds of the politicians just the right enough.

Colonial.

Possessions to maintain the commercial empire, and I'll make sense of that a little bit more as we get in
but anyways. So even as early as.

We understand or politicians, understand that manifest destiny is going to make the United States, you
know, shine from sea.

to shining sea, but that that's not supposed to end at the Pacific Ocean that commerce will continue
across the Pacific Ocean.

So, at the same time here that we have this idea of expansion in the United States we see an
opportunity for the United States to open up, Japan and we learned from.

The previous lessons that the British fought the Opium War Made China sign a humiliating treaty, the
Treaty of nam King and Japan was very well aware of this.
So we Matthew Perry, who basically goes to Japan because he wants a port basically wants to refueling
port.

For American ships, who are making their way to China because the United States businessman. Thanks,
that there's going to be a lot of money made.

In China now Japan knows what had happened between China and Great Britain during the Opium War.
And so, United States shows up. Matthew Perry shows up and there's a big debate in Japan, geez. What
should we do.

Those look like big guns. We don't really want them here. Do we tell them to go away. Will we be
captured and and.

You know weekend, the way China was so there becomes this this big debate. Well, eventually the
Japanese Perry leaves and then he comes back with more ships and bigger guns.

And the Japanese decided, you know what, we will have a treaty with the United States, we will open
ourselves up.

And then you have this wonderful, wonderful. One of my favorite articles on the turn Japan 1900 that
explains how this Meiji Restoration goes into effect, it's, it's this orgy of absorbing all things Western and
it's truly amazing. They use.

Like human export experts, you know, they basically import human experts knowledge becoming power
if they didn't have the abilities to build a Navy. Then they were going to buy the Navy.

Railroads are constructed throughout the country constitutional parliamentary government is adopted.

There was even a brief time where they thought, oh, we should change our official language to English.
Um, it's just an orgy. I'm not going to say more about it because you've got a great reading and you're
reading on.

Deals with this expansion of imperialist Japan as well. So I don't want to belabor the point, except for to
say that.

Russell Japanese war where essentially the Japanese win and you can well imagine throughout Asia.

And the peoples are saying, Oh my gosh, Japan is so awesome. They'd be a Caucasian race and they are
heroes, of course you know 20 years later, they will all hate Japan. There's not a lot of love in Asia for
the Japanese.

History. I'm not going to say that they don't like the Japanese people, but the.

Past.

past actions of Japan still linger in people's memories today. But anyway, so I wanted to make that
mentioned Teddy Roosevelt actually wins the Nobel Peace Prize, because he mediates the peace.

between Russia and Japan. The reason he does that is because he doesn't want Japan to, you know, do a
final knockout blow, if you will, with Russia.
Certainly look like Japan was about to do that. Fun story here is that the United States finally builds a
Navy. We really didn't have a Navy to speak of since the Civil War. So we put a lot of resources over the
last 20 years and it's if we have 16 battleships they're nice and shiny.

And they go on a world tour. He sends them around the world and calls them the messengers of peace.
They're all white. So sometimes they're called the Great White Fleet.

And I'm Russia had had terrible loss. A terrible Navy law naval loss against the Japanese, the Japanese
orchestrated a surprise attack.

On the Russian Navy. So the members of Congress weren't very excited to send our brand new navy
around the world. Teddy Roosevelt wanted to make sure that the Navy stopped off in Tokyo.

And so they were hemming and hawing and kind of putting up a fight. Teddy Roosevelt said, You know
what, guys, I'm rich.

I have enough money to send that Navy across halfway around the world. And if you want them back.
You will appropriate the money to bring them back. So they did go around the world. This is Teddy
Roosevelt.

Speaking softly but carry a big stick at its best. So the United States signs are treated with Japan. Now
we're thinking about trading and all of this is going on and we have the probably the most famous of the
American poets Walt Whitman.

In 1860 on the occasion of the first Japanese diplomats to come to the United States. He writes, I change
the world.

On my Western See I champ. The new empire grander than before. As an envision it comes to me I
chant America, the mistress I chant a greater supremacy.

I chant projected 1000 blooming cities yet in time on those groups of Sea Islands.

I chant commerce opening. So again, I'm going to say it again, the United States sees herself as a
commercial empire. It's a new empire, a new kind of empire, a new kind of imperialism. Okay, so even
Walt Whitman sees that the Pacific is is ripe for the taking.

Okay, I'm not going to go much here about the Spanish American War. Again, it's covered in your
textbook. But I do want to make mention of two important things.

One is the teller amendment United States does declare war against Spain, we're doing. So to help the
Cubans get their independence.

And so the teller amendment is to that declaration of war US Congress says, Okay, here's your
declaration of war, President McKinley, but that declaration includes an amendment, named after
senator taller that says.

When the war is one we will not take Cuba as territory, we are not in this war for territorial gain of Cuba.
The war is far is being fought will be fought for Cuban independence. So that's an important point. Now
we win. It's a splendid little war 16 weeks.
Admiral doing a shows up in the Philippines and sinks, the Spanish Armada you know in a day. Actually, I
think it was really in the morning, you know, one guy dies is heatstroke something to that effect.

I'm certainly taking Cuba was a little took a little bit more effort Teddy Roosevelt was there and he had a
bunch of his friends.

Everybody was wearing wool coat. It was kind of gross, but nevertheless, the whole thing was over, and
it was a splendid little war as one British diplomat called it.

The Treaty of Paris ends that war. Now, the United States will pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines.

And again, you've got a great little article Yankee go home and take me with you that talks about the
Philippines, the Filipinos got their independence from the United States in 1946 the Treaty of Paris also
gave seated Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States and.

Spain breeze Cuba. Okay, well, we have the, the Philippines. And the question here is what to do with it.
We've got the peoples of Puerto Rico, what do we do with it.

We don't really want the Cuban people to have complete independence, because of these ideas of social
Darwinism. And, you know, they're not white Anglo Saxon Protestant all of these things are very
concerning.

To congressman kind of makes you throw up a little bit in the back of your throat. Thinking about how
they thought back then, but that is how they thought so.

Essentially the Cubans end up becoming a protectorate of the United States.

Um, I like the last bullet point Cubans felt they had merely changed masters and the plant amendment
to the Cuban Constitution, essentially, let the United States intervene whenever it soft fit.

And then Puerto Rico This is insular just means island Puerto Rico is a insular territory and again there's
these questions. What do we do.

And the Supreme Court is going to get involved with what's called the Insular Cases. Now, this is what's
really important with Puerto Rico and again with the Philippines. I'm holding. Hold on.

Yeah, none of that's terribly important.

Okay, well, we'll just sorry about that. Um, here we go, this is, this is how it works. Okay, Bear. Bear with
me and this is the last thing that I will say,.

Up until the Spanish American War when the United States fought a war and gained territory that
territory was incorporated into the United States of America under the Constitution.

The territory was organized in such a way that each territory had a representative non voting number.
But nevertheless, a representative in Washington DC at the House of Representatives and it is.

Not presumed it is that these territories will become states. Okay, so.

Mexican American war 1840s large chunk of Mexico, all of a sudden becomes part of the United States,
where we are here in Arizona. As part of that.
It gets organized into the New Mexico Territory. Eventually, the New Mexico Territory becomes your
New Mexico Territory and the Arizona Territory and eventually in 19.

What was it 1912 that the two Territories become states. Okay, so if I was here in Phoenix before the
Mexican American war, then I'm a Mexican citizen.

And then after the Mexican American war. I'm now part of the United States. I'll be in a territory and I
have the opportunity to become an American citizen, you know, without really doing anything.

And so the idea here is that United States is never an imperial power as she grows from the 13 colonies,
all the way to.

You know at the time 48 states right before we get Alaska and Hawaii on at that time. We've never
been. The idea is that the US has never been in imperialist power because.

The peoples that come under her domain are automatically American citizens. And not only that, they
have protection of the Constitution. And not only that, they will eventually become part.

Of equally representative represented states as part of the United States. So the supreme court gets
involved here because its inhabitants of Puerto Rico right there, defined as, as citizens of Puerto Rico.

We, the lawmakers don't want the Puerto Ricans to be American citizens and the lawmakers at this time
don't want the Puerto Ricans to become an American state.

And it's all based on race. I mean, that's the reason is they don't want people have, you know, darker
skin tone to be part of the United States. They don't think that the Constitution should extend that far.

But in US history. It always had extended so that's why the supreme court gets involved and and what
the Supreme Court says is that the Constitution did not have to apply.

So it didn't fully apply to the recently acquired territories and that boys and girls is how the United
States became a true imperial power. Now, there's a lot of indigenous people right and.

African slaves in the United States. So you saw the manifest destiny video that would certainly take issue
with the idea that the United States wasn't imperial power before the Spanish American War. And I
would say that they're absolutely right. But in the mindset of the policymakers.

They were not and so once the Supreme Court rules in these Insular Cases then everybody Scott, you
know, a guilt free mind and says, Oh, well, okay.

You know, that's fine. So, um, I have here a quote I haven't attributed it to but.

Eric folders in American historian and he said, so the result of these Insular Cases and the result of the
Spanish American War.

Is that the two principal central to American freedom, since the Revolutionary War one no taxation
without representation.

And to government based on the consent of the governed, were a band abandoned when it came to the
nation's new possessions, and indeed that is true. So to summarize, the United States is a commercial
empire and.
In one cannot ignore the fact that the United States is also an imperial power as well. Okay.||