Menstruation- Periodic blood, shedding of the uterus

- occurs in cycles

Types of Menstrual Disorders

1. Pre menstrual syndrome- any uncomfortable symptoms during cycle; due to changes of
hormones during menstrual cycle. Not enough Vit. B6, calcium and magnesium(prevent menstraul
cramps). High stress, lack of exercise and too much caffeine (causes vaso conctriction) can worsen
symptoms.
Risk Factors:
-Fam history
- Late 30’s
- mental health prob.
- high stress
- love B6, calcium and magnesium
- high caffeine

2. Amenorrhea- absence of mestruation

Types:
Primary- Has not had menstruation until the age of 15
Secondary- Normal mesnstruation stopped for more than 3 months

Etiology:
1. Natural Amenorrhea- cause by pregnancy
2. Pregnancy
3. Breast feeding
4. Menopause
5. Contraceptives
6. Certain meds: Antipsychotics (hyperprolactenemia),chemotherapy, antidepressants,
antihypertensive and allergy meds.
7. Lifestyle: Low body weight, excessive exercise, stress
8. Hormonal imbalance

3. Dysmenorrhea- pain in mesntruation

Primary- common menstrual cramps
Secondary- caused by the disorder of the woman reproductive organs

Risk Factor:
Younger than 30
Puberty started at 11

MAnagement:
- Ibuprofen as soon as the bleeding start
- hot compress
- Rest
- Avoid smoking
- Massage lower back

4. Menorrhagia- can lead to anemia; heavy bleeding in menstruation

Etiology:
- Uterine fibroids
- Cancer of the cervix or uterus
- Particular types of birth control
- bleeding disorder
- PID
- Aspirin
- Menopause
- Childbirth
 - Fibroids or polyps

Risk Factors:
-Anovulation
- older women

Signs and symptoms:

- Doubling up on pads
- long lasting menstruation
- blood clots of quarter size
- lacking of energy
- shortness of breath

Infertility- a woman can not get pregnant

Primary- absence of live birth
Secondary- difficulty to conceive again

Nursing Management:
1. Adding whole grains, fruits, veg.
2. Limkiting processed foods with added sugars
3. Promote reg. Exercise
4. No smoking
5. Maintain weight
6. Folic acid

Cervicalscreening-check the health of the cervix