PART4

GONVOTERNMFOERNT SALPEROPERTY
 INTRODUCTION

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This module is constructed to cater the curriculum of

Special
Science Elementary School (SSES). It helps you acquire more knowledge
about yourself and understand the wonders of your
surroundings
Let us try to explore and discover the marvels of science
through
this module. Allow us to show you the amazing way scientists work with
the ideas

As you move through the pages of this module you will find engaging
questions implored by scientist earlier on PROPER CARE OF THE
SKELETAL AND MuscULAR SYSTEMS. We
encourage you to find
ways to answer these questions by providing you varied activities.
They
are designed for you to follow scientific
procedures and will lead you in
searching for the answers to your own inquiries.

Page | 1
T

this module you will become more sale

We expect that through sel
and make your learning more meaningfu
seeking in science

SSES CURRICULUM
LEARNING COMPETENCY
.Practice proper care ofthe skeletal system.

.Demonstrate concern and kindness towards

differently-abled
person.

YOUR LEARNING TARGETS

You may have been
scared upon seeing a
skeleton.
You may have
watched movies where
skeletons were made to
Scare people, this time we
are going to study on how to
take care Our skeletal
system.
Good Day! 'm Sir
King andI will guide you in
this module.
At the end of this
lesson you should be able to:

1. Identify common injuries and diseases

that can harm the skeletal
2. Describe
systems.
ways of preventing skeletal
injuries.
3 Demonstrate first aid
measures for bone

Page | 2
 Before you continue, answer
out how
the pre-test below to find
how to
much you know about
proper care of
the skeletal
practice
system.

YOUR PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on

your paper.
1. What willyou do to a person who has deformed body parts?
A. Look down on him/her
B. lgnore him/her
C. Laugh at him/her
Treat him/herwith respect and kindness
2. Which of the following foods keep the bones and muscles strong?
Amilk, eggs, cheese
B. bread, mongo, rice
C. noodles, chocolates, candies
D. beans, cake, meat
3. Why do you maintain good posture while sitting, walking, runningg
and sleeping?

A. To prevent oneself from accident

B To keep the body function well
C. To be happy
D. To look good

Page | 3
 6 Buy esoy

care of your bones? weaket

4. How can you take good
drinks
or carbonated
A. Drink cola

B. Sleep late at night

(C) Exercise regularly
D. Play games at the computer the whole day.
5. What injury of the bone ocGurs when a ligament is twisted or torn

a joint?
away from
A. Dislocation

B. Fracture

Sprain
D. Open fracture
6. What is applied to a patient who is injured before medical help can
be obtained?
(A) first aid
B. Massage
C. Heat compress
D. Surgery
7. Which of the following when applied lessens the pain in the
injured
bone?

Use a splint
B. Apply a cold compress with an ice bag.
C. Press the injured area
D. Apply oil on the injured area
8. Ryan feels pain on his backbone. There is an abnormal curvature of
his backbone. What kind of disease does he suffer?
A. Arthritis
B. Kyphosis

(c)Scoliosis
D. Osteoporosis

Page | 4
9. Allng Rosa is 81 years old. Her arms and legs are becoming thinner,
also weak.
Weaker and fragile. Most often her spine and pelvis are

What kind of bone disease does she have?

AOsteoporosis
B. Kyphosis
C. Rickets
D. Bone tumor
of calcium and
10. Which vitamin is responsible for the absorption
phosphorus?
A.Vitamin A
B.Vitamin C

CVitamin D
D.VitaminE

Check your work with the

answer key on page 24. Did you
a perfect score?
get
Congratulations! But if you
didnt the right answers
get all
don't be sad, there are more
exercises in the next page.

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 CD
YOUR LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A.ENGAGE
Study the pictures.
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What do the pictures show? Why do they have such kind of bone
injuries or diseases?
Let's find out.
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GO EXPLORE is a
do-it-yourself

series of
activities, in order
for you to
better.
understand the lesson
Let's Go
B.EXPLORE
ACTIVITY 1
the
diseases that can harm
Directions: ldentify common injuries and
and
words that best describe the pictures
Skeletal systems. Complete the
the clues.
1. FháCIURE
Spe
atura achure
Clue: it is a break in the bone
20dE 3
2. DISLOCATION
Clue: It occurs when a bone in the joint is displaced
or has moved out of its proper position.
3.0SIEOfOBOSIS
Clue: It is a common disorder caused by the
thinning and weakening of bones usually
experienced by elderly people. The bones
become brittle and weak.
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 D

therapist was av
him to rent
therapist was availed of to exercise and massage his legs. The doctor told
him to rest for a few days to give time for the bones to heal. He
recommended a diet rich in minerals and vitamins such as shell foods
fish and fruits. Bones are made primarily of mineral calcium. When it was
remove the cast, Mark thanked the doctor for taking care of him.
Finally, he was advised to do some exercises by swinging his legs up and
down for some minutes a day to regulate the circulation of the blood.

1. What is affected when the spinal column is injured?

LEGS
2. What mineral helps build strong bones?

CALCIIM
3. What can help circulate blood to the bones?

EXERCISE

ACTIVITY3
PROTECTING THE SKULL
Directions: Read the selection and answer the questions that follow.

In the past, when people went to war, they used spears or long
knives. They also used shields to protect themselves. Later on, they used
armors made of metal. Even today soldiers go to combat using helmets.

Today, there are some instances when a head gear is necessary.

In a construction site, there are restricted areas called "hard hat' areas. In
these areas, workers are expected to wear head gears for protection,

debris or other hard objects.

especially from falling
man who met a
a story of a young tragic death when
There is also
on smashed at a tree. His head was badly
was riding
the motorcycle he

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pIe jsiy awos
onuaNe
1
Jo
Aunlu uy (N
An injury of the bone brings discomfort to the injured patient. Here are

Some first aid tips which can ease the pain while waiting for medical

attention.
Materials: elastic bandage or soft cloth, 1/8 illustration board or any
hardbound paper

Fracture
1. Let the injured person sit or lie down.
2. Apply a cold compress to the injured part to reduce swelling and
relieve pain.
3. Wrap a bandage or soft cloth around the affected area.

Dislocation:
1. Let the person sit lie down to avoid further
or
injury.
2. Do not try to pull or message the affected area. It may worsen the
condition of the injured person
3. Apply a cold compress to the injured part to reduce swelling and
relieve pain
4. Seek medical attention immediately
Sprain:
1. Let the person sit or lie down.
2. Apply a cold compress to the sprain to reduce
swelling and relieve
pain
3. If the wrist or elbow is
injured, place it in a sling.
4. Apply an elastic bandage that is not so tight on the sprained joint.
5. Let the injured ankle/foot rest for 2 to 3 days

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C.EXPLAIN
Answer the following questions
1. What are the common bone injuries?
A. b p o
B. dtacu
2. What particular body parts can be injured when you play games
or sports? What other activities are prone to
injuries?

3. What are the common bone

diseases?

4. What will
you do if you get injured while playing?

5. How can we
prevent ourselves with skeletal
injuries?

D.ELABORATE
Injuries and diseases of bones occur
quite often.
These may
be caused by accidents and
stress to which the bones are
The other reason is exposed.
congenital which means the bone disease is
acquired at birth.
 COMMON INJURIES OF

SPRAIN occurs

that
is an injury
A sprain or torn
twisted
is
ligament
when a
most easily
The
from a joint.
away ankles,
are the knees,
injured joints
fingers, and wrists.

a bad fall or
result from
may
A sprain area. lts
slippery
one
slides o n a
when
black-and-
and
pain, swelling
are
symptoms affected
of the
discoloration of the skin
blue

area.

FRACTURE

Simple
compound
crack or a break in a
iracture
fracture
A fracture is a

be across the
bone. The break may

width of the bone or along its length.

be open or
The kinds of fracture may
simple closed
Compound fracture or

fracture.
Britannica, Inc.
2 0 1 4 Encyciopdia
fracture occurs when the broken bone is
An open or compound
chance
skin causing an open wound. It brings with it a
pushed through the
of infection and also
serious bleeding.
not pushed through the
In a simple fracture, the bone is
closed or

broken bone are not damaged.

skin. The tissues surrounding the

Severe pain, swelling and tenderness at the affected area are

encountered by the person who had fracture.

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 N

D
5

(D

D
D
D

TI

In
case of
1. bone
Apply disloc
a
cold
and
In case of bone dislocation, do the following:
area to lessen the pain.
1. Apply a cold compress over the injured
area in place
Use a splint for support and to keep the injured
treatment.
doctor for proper
. Bring the injured person to a
treatment should be
first aid
ih case of a fracture, do the following
done while waiting for a doctor.
the
the injured person,
if possible. Avoid moving
1. Do not move
injured area
cold cloth on the injured
2. Apply a cold compress with
an ice bag or
But do not apply this on an open fracture.
area to lessen the pain.
disinfectant to prevent
3. Ifthe fracture of bone breaks
the skin, apply a
infection. Cover the wound with sterile dressing
broken bone. You can make a splint with
4. Use a splint to support the
or other hard but smooth material like
a folded newspaper,
handkerchief, or a bandage.
person to a doctor or
to an orthopedic hospital.
5. Bring the injured
Doctors use x-rays to determine the
extent of the damage of the bone,
a cast is put around the area. This
muscle. If a bone is fractured,
joint or
movement of the broken ends of the bone allowing it to heal
is to prevent
for several weeks.
AILMENTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
COMMON DISEASES OR
Both young and old people may be affected by the diseases or disorders
of the bones.
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RICKETS
Rickets is a rare disease.
children which is characterized h
oy
several bone deformities.
Children with rickets are usually
bow-legged, with Curved spine and
flat heads. Hey have weak muscles and soft bones.
Such disease is caused by lack of vitamin D. Vitamin D i
is
responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus through the
intestine.
Plenty of milk and other food rich in calciIum should be given to a
person with rickets
Exposure to the early sunshine which is known as "sunshine
vitamin" will also help cure rickets.
ARTHRITis
Arthritis is a disease of
the joints and is common to
older people. This happens
when the cartilage between
bones and a joint especially
in the hip or knee are
destroyed. Severe pain,
stiffness, and
swelling joints occur to the persons with arthritis.
of
Rheumatoid arthritis is another form that affects the wrist and
knuckles, but it may happen in any joint. This is characterized by hot,
painfulred and swollen
joints.
Page | 166
 disease that
Norma Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a bone
Spina
This is an abnormal
affects the backbone.
backbone which is painful.
curvature of the
childhood and
Scoliosis occurs at early
When
often among girls than boys.
more
result. Treatment of
discovered and treated early, it can have good
exercises to
of a back brace and special
Scoliosis includes the use
stabilize a moderate spinal cure for young people.
hunchback, is
Kyphosis, also called
is
a forward bending of the spine. lt
deformation of the
characterized by any
bones on the upper part of the spine
so
that the person is bent forward. Diseases
like tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and
syphilis cause kyphosis.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis IS another a
disorder of bone formation in which
the bones become thinner, weaker
This is caused by loss of
and fragile.
calcium and decrease in the bone
protein. Women over 60 years old
have osteoporosis as a result
usually
of decrease in hormone levels. Most often the spine and the pelvis are
attacked by the disease.
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 p a r t i c u l a r l y

lack of
prote:
tein:
e s t r o g e n n
diet, intake
of and
be p o o r h o r m o n e
may o s t e o p o r o s i s
disease diet,
of this Balanced treat
will help
Causes
inactivity.
and exercise
Vitamins
calcium
and r e g u l a r
extra
a b n o r m a l
growth of cells
Bone Tumor
tumor is an
A bone tumor may be
A bone
b one
bone.
within a noncancerous
(malignant)
or
or
cancerous
(benign).
should be attended
skeletal system
diseases of the
The injuries and t is always
functions of the body.
affect the
because they function
immediately
bones in order to keep the body
and healthy
good to have strong
well.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
PROPER CARE OF THE
c a r e of your bones and
It is very important that you practice proper
muscle so they can function well and you stay healthy. Here are some
ways to make your bones strong and healthy.
Eat the right kind and amount of food.
You can keep your bones strong and healthy by eating foods rich in
calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin C and D. Milk, eggs, cheese, fish
broccoli, and meat contain calcium and phosphorus which are needed for
the growth of bones and muscle function. They are also for strong bones,
teeth
and muscles. Vitamin C. can be obtained from citrus
fruits
tomatoes, potatoes, and green leafy vegetables. Fortified milk, eggs, tuna,
Page | 18
IIver, ana su g
Exercise regularly. forms of
some
are
and swimming
running, playing, It also
VVaiking,
movement of your joints.
maintain the
Exercise helps build bone
exercise.
exercise c a n
help
endurance.
Regular
aevelops your body prevent
bone loss
people, it
can
mass among children.
Among older
Rest and Sleep Well
and play, you need
to rest.
too much work
When you are tired from
is rested.
You sit or lie down so your body
muscle cells
time to
and
kind of rest to give your bone
Sleep is a
repair and to grow.
for at least 8-10
hours a day.
Children need to
have enough sleep
Maintain Good Posture
and your feet flat
your shoulders back,
When you sit up straight, put
But when you slump your
have good sitting posture.
on the floor, and you have
muscles will be tense. And you
shoulders or slouch in a chair, your
a bad posture.
a n object
standing, sitting, and lifting
Proper posture while walking,
makes the body function
well. It also
times. It
should be observed at all
self-confidence and poise.
gives you
Observe Safety Measures.
bone injuries when you
prevent accidents that cause
You can
Page | 19
 measures.

certain safety
practice
dry
1. Keep the floor always
rules
2. Follow traffic
or staircase always clear and clean
3. Keep the hallway
4.Avoid standing or moving while inside a moving vehicle

YOURKEY CONCEPTS

Your bones and muscles can suffer from

injuries or diseases. Skeletal
injuries and diseases include bone fracture, sprain, dislocation,
rickets,
arthritis, osteoporosis, scoliosis, kyphosis and bone tumor. These
and diseases affect the
injuries
functioning of the skeletal
system. So it is very
important that you care and protect the parts of your
body.
In study, aerobics delivered the greatest gains in leg,
a new
spine,
and heel bone density, while hip bones
improved more with
weight training. In other words, do some of both
types of exercise.

Everyone should be informed of the basic elements of

maintaining
bone health and preventing bone disease. Paying attention to the
basics-appropriate physical activity, nutrition, and smoking-is critical
for everyone, especially those who have, or who are at risk of developing,
osteoporosis.

Page | 20
 TRY THIS OUT!

Read the situation and answerthe question that follows.

to
DOKnoy suffers from scoliosis. No one in the school wants play
with him. One day, he was crying. You want to help
him. How should
you deal with a person who has bone deformities like Boknoy?

owd ank t u kda t an n.lurk al

|Kpkau te thu gud abot poknouo canditu

Now that you have learned some

common injuries and diseases of the skeletal
system, you have to be very careful of your
movements. It is so difficult when you have
fractured arms or legs because the whole
body is affected. Therefore, practice proper
care of your body.
People who have deformed body parts
and are differently able should be treated with
respect and kindness

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 E.EVALUATE
Directions: Write TRUE ifthe statement is correct and Fa
in the blank.
LSE
if incorrect

1. Osteoporosis is also called hunchback

2. Kyphosis is a forward bending of the spine

3. Scoliosis occurs at early childhood and more often

among girls than boys.

4. A Sprain is an injury that occurs when a ligament is

twisted or torn away from a joint.

HU 5. Dislocation occurs when a bone moves away from its
normal position at a joint.

cala 6. A closed simple fracture occurs when the broken

or

bone is pushed through the skin causing an open

WOund.

daloe 7. In an open or
compound fracture, the bone is not
pushed through the skin. The tissues
surrounding the
broken bone are not
T
damaged.
8. Children with rickets are usually bow-legged, with
curved spine and flat heads. Hey have weak muscles
and soft bones.

HU 9. Osteoporosis is another disorder of bone formation in

which the bones become thinner, weaker
and fragile.
10.A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a
bone

Page | 22
II. Directions: C h o o s e the correct answer from t h e word list t o

complete each statement.

Rickets
Calcium cold compress X-rays

Sleep
noncancerous

Rheumatoid arthritis
Scoliosis
Exercise splint

foods rich in
T O u Can keep your bones strong and healthy by eating

caleuum_ phosphorus, and vitamin C and D.

movement of your joints.
2. wCLe helps maintain the
muscle cells time to
3. Sleep is a kind of rest to give your bone and
repair and to grow.

4. Seeuesin occurs at early childhood and more often among girls

than boys
5. Khumniuec. ardhuto is another form that affects the wrist and
knuckles, but it may happen in any joint.

6. RicAon is a rare disease of children which is characterized b

several bone deformities.

7. A bone tumor may be cancerous

(malignant)
0MempAmCAHUD benign).
8. Doctors use_-HALDto determine the extent of the damage of the
bone, joint or muscle.

9. For bone dislocation, use a Dolunt for support and to keep the
injured area in place.

10 Apply a cod cmpu with an ice bag or cold cloth on the

injured area to lessen the
pain. But do not apply this on an oper
fracture.

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 Congratulations! We are
WOOHOO almost done. You may check
your answer rom "answer key"
on page 23.

FUNFACTS

Did you know that....

Healing process takes 12 weeks or less for bones in the or
arm

leg among children and teenagers. Compound fractures can

be
more serious. Doctors sometimes insert
pins into the bone to hold
the broken parts together.

Warning to those who drink carbonated soft drinks like cola.

Many
studies report that carbonated soft drinks increase
bone loss.

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