Interpretive Reading Ebook

Interpretive Reading for University Student
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................................... 3
Chapter 1 Short Story ........................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2 Poetry ................................................................................................ 14
Chapter 3 The Oratorical Speech ........................................................................ 22
Chapter 4 The Monodrama .................................................................................. 31
Chapter 5 The Play.............................................................................................. 37
Appendix 1 Cinderella Play Script ....................................................................... 44
Appendix 2 Sangkuriang Play Script ................................................................... 48
Appendix 3 Vocabulary Enhancement ................................................................ 52
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CHAPTER ONE:
SHORT STORY
Interpretive Reading
1.1. Selecting a story

1.2. Analysis
1.3. Planning
1.4. Presentation
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CHAPTER ONE: SHORT STORY

Objectives:
Ø To understand the elements of interpretive reading
Ø To learn how to analyze a narrative and plan for effective interpretation
Ø To learn and apply vocal techniques that will aid in the effectiveness of the reading
Time: Eight to ten minutes
INTERPRETIVE READING
Interpretive reading is the effective communication of thoughts and or feelings of an

author to the listener. The purpose of an interpretive reader is to communicate
through voice the work of an author. The interpretive reader's goal is to so enthrall
the audience with a story that the audience isn't even aware of the reader. The
reader makes the story come alive.
1.1. SELECTING A STORY

There are many sources of material for interpretive readings. Essays, short stories,
poetry, and drama are a few types of writing that can be used. However, for this project we
will discuss only narratives - stories that relate an incident or series of incidents. Anthologies
and collections of writings are good sources of narratives; your local library should have a
good selection.
A key to the success of any interpretive reading is the story itself. Select material that
will appeal to your audience. Your story should stimulate your listeners and offer insight into
human nature. The following questions will help you determine if the story you are selecting
lends itself to interpretive reading:
§ What is the author's intention?
§ ls the plot or theme universal enough to be of general interest to your audience?
§ Is the plot or theme clear?
§ Are the style and form of the story appropriate to the content?
§ Is the story too obvious or too complex for clear oral interpretation?
§ Is there a dynamic progression in the development of the story?
§ At what point does the story climax?
§ Will the story maintain the interest of your audience?
The sample of a short story that can be chosen are Snow White, the German Fairy
Tale, and Rara Jongrang, Indonesian Local Story. Read the samples of story below and
analyze them.
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Snow White
Brothers Grimm
Once upon a time there lived a lovely princess with fair skin and blue eyes. She was so
fair that she was named Snow White. Her mother died when Snow White was a baby and her
father married again. This queen was very pretty but she was also very cruel. The wicked
stepmother wanted to be the most beautiful lady in the kingdom and she would often ask her
magic mirror, “Mirror! Mirror on the wall! Who is the fairest of them all?” And the magic mirror
would say, “You are, Your Majesty!” But one day, the mirror replied, “Snow White is the fairest
of them all!” The wicked queen was very angry and jealous of Snow White. She ordered her
huntsman to take Snow White to the forest and kill her. “I want you to bring back her heart,” she
ordered. But when the huntsman reached the forest with Snow White, he took pity on her and set
her free. He killed a deer and took its heart to the wicked queen and told her that he had killed
Snow White. Snow White wandered in the forest all night, crying.
When it was daylight, she came to a tiny cottage and went inside. There was nobody there,
but she found seven plates on the table and seven tiny beds in the bedroom. She cooked a
wonderful meal and cleaned the house and tired, finally slept on one of the tiny beds. At night,
the seven dwarfs who lived in the cottage came home and found Snow White sleeping. When she
woke up and told were away, Snow White would make delicious meals for them. The dwarfs
loved her and cared for her. Every morning, when they left the house, they instructed her never
to open the door to strangers.
Meanwhile, in the palace, the wicked queen asked, “Mirror! Mirror on the Who is the
fairest of them all.” The mirror replied, “White is the fairest of them all!” She lives with the seven
dwarfs in the woods!” The wicked stepmother was furious. She was actually a witch knew how
to make magic potions. She now made a poisonous potion and dipped a shiny red apple into it.
Then she disguised herself as an old peasant woman and went to the woods with the apple. She
knocked on the cottage door and said “Pretty little child! Let me in! Look what I have for you!”
White said, “I am so sorry, old lady, I cannot let you in! The seven dwarfs have told me not to
talk to strangers!” But then, Snow White saw the shiny red apple, and opened the door. The
wicked witch offered her the apple and when she took a bite poor Snow White fell into a deep
sleep. The wicked stepmother went back to the palace and asked the mirror, “Mirror! Mirror on
the wall! Who is the fairest of them all?” The mirror replied, “You are, Your Majesty!” and she
was very happy.
When the seven dwarfs came home to find Snow White lying on the floor, they were very
upset. They cried all night and then built a glass coffin for Snow White. They kept the coffin in
front of the cottage. One day, Prince Charming was going past the cottage and he saw Snow
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White lying in the coffin. He said to the dwarfs, “My! My! She is so beautiful! I would like to
kiss her!” And he did. Immediately, Snow White opened her eyes. She was alive again! The
Prince and the seven dwarfs were very happy. Prince Charming married Snow White and took
her to his palace and lived happily ever after.
Source: http://shortstoriesshort.com/story/snow-white/amp/
Rara Jongrang: The Legend of Prambanan Temple
A long time ago in the kingdom of Prambanan, there lived an ogre king named Baka. He
looked scary yet possessed godlike supernatural power. With small surrounding kingdoms all
submitting to him, he ruled an immense size of territory. Despite his ghastly physical
appearance, King Baka had a very beautiful human daughter. Rara Jonggrang was her name and
she was so dear to the king.
Far away from Prambanan, there was also a kingdom as big called Pengging. The
kingdom had been known to have a strong warrior named Bandawasa. His power came mainly
from his weapon, a club called Bandung. Besides, he had the ability to call a troop of spirits in
a blink of an eye whenever he needed help.
There came a time when the king of Pengging wanted an expansion. He commanded
Bandawasa together with other warriors to conquer Prambanan.
“Bandawasa! Ready your soldiers to attack Prambanan!” instructed the king.
“Yes, King! I will do it right away," answered Bandawasa with a bow.
Bandawasa was heading to Prambanan along with his soldiers. They ran amuck into the
palace right away after they arrived. King Baka reacted instantly by ordering his military to
block Bandawasa’s troop. A blood-shedding war was inevitable with Prambanan troop
massacred. King Baka himself got killed by Bandawasa’s weapon. Since the great victory, the
cold-blooded commander was given a new calling, Bandung Bandawasa.
After the war, the king of Pengging trusted the new conquest to Bandawasa. He was
assigned to take care of Prambanan and whatever in it, including King Baka’s family. “This is
my gratitude to you, Bandawasa. I hope you’re happy,” said the king.
“It’s an honor, my King, thank you for your generosity. I promise to do my best to keep
it for you,” answered the commander.
Bandung Bandawasa now resided in the royal palace of Prambanan. On the very first
day of his occupation he was already mesmerized by the beauty of Rara Jonggrang. He wanted
her to be his wife.
“O, Princess Rara Jonggrang! You are a goddess. I want you to be my wife,” said
Bandung Bandawasa.
Instead of answering him, Rara sat in silence, panic, and fear. The truth was she hated
Bandung Bandawasa so much for murdering her father. At the same time, she was too timid to
refuse the proposal because however strong she was, the man was no match for her. After a
while, an idea popped up in the princess’ head.
“Well, Bandung Bandawasa, I will marry you. But I have a condition,” said Rara
Jonggrang. “What is it, my dear princess?” asked Bandung Bandawasa.
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“Before you can marry me, I want you to build me a thousand temples and two wells. I
will give you one night to do all that,” answered Rara Jonggrang.
Sure he was able, Bandung Bandawasa agreed with the princess. When the night fell, he
called on his unseen troop of spirits to help him out. Shortly after, thousands of them came up
to build the temples and wells like Rara Jonggrang wanted. They worked very quickly that by
the middle of the night there were nearly a thousand temples done; only three temples and two
wells left to build.
Rara Jonggrang had been watching them working and now started to feel uneasy. “They
are almost done by now. What do we do?” asked Rara Jonggrang to one of her lady-in-waiting.
“Poise, Princess. There must be a way-out," cheered the maid.
Rara Jonggrang went on thinking strenuously and finally found an idea. She would make
it like it was daybreak to make the spirits stop working before completing the temples.
“Wake up your friends, maid! Quick! Tell them to burn the hay and pound the rice! Oh,
and pour flowers in the streets too!” Rara Jonggrang shouted.
“Right away, Princess!” answered the maid whilst rushing into the palace to get her
friends up.
The royal servants did their princess’s command well. Before long, a reddish beam shone from
the east where they burnt the hay. Some of them then began to pound the rice—something
people usually did in the morning. The smell of the flowers could be felt faintly and meanwhile,
the roosters started crowing.
Bandung Bandawasa’s troops were taken aback to realize that the sun was about to rise.
Afraid of getting burnt by the sunshine, they hurried to get off and leave the work. They were
all gone whereas there was only one temple more to a thousand. Few big rocks were scattered
at the place.
“Hey!! Where are you going!? It wasn’t morning yet!" shouted Bandung Bandawasa at
his troop.
The spirits did not care about the work anymore. Left alone, Bandawasa tried to build
the last temple himself. However, he failed because the morning really came when he had not
finished it. Rara Jonggrang was relieved. She went up to him and said, “What happened,
Bandawasa? It seems you have fallen short.”
Bandawasa realized that the princess had cheated him. He was furious that he released
his anger by turning Rara Jonggrang into a statue.
“You’ve been unfair to me, young lady. Now you’ll be the thousandth temple,” said
Bandawasa wrathfully.
Rara Jonggrang became a statue, a very beautiful one. Until today, the statue is still there
in a big room inside Rara Jonggrang Temple in Prambanan Temples Complex. The other
temples around it are known as Sewu Temple. Sewu is a Javanese word for a thousand.
Source: http://ceritarakyatnusantara.com/en/folklore/82-Rara-Jonggrang-The-Legend-
of-Prambanan-Temple#
Read the stories above several times, and read what other writers and critics say
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about it. Read the author's biography. These additional sources of information will help you
better understand the piece and will help you to decide if the story is appropriate for
interpretive reading. Your selection could be a story, a chapter of a book, or a section of a
story. Once you have selected your story, you can begin your interpretation.
Interpretation involves three steps:
1. Analysis
2. Planning
3. Presentation
1.2. ANALYSIS
To successfully interpret an author's work, you must first understand the overall
meaning of the story. What is the author trying to say? Where does he or she say it? Once
you've identified the general purpose of the story, you can proceed to break it down into parts
and determine the meaning and purpose of each part.
Although you may understand the general meaning of the story, parts of it may not be
clear to you. The author may use unfamiliar words or phrases. Look them up in the
dictionary. Occasionally you'll find a word or phrase whose definitions don't quite fit in the
context of the sentence. In these cases, you usually can combine your knowledge of the
author and your knowledge of the entire story to arrive at the actual meaning of the sentence.
Once you have analyzed each part of the story, put the parts together again and look
at the story once more as a whole. What is the author saying? How is our attention attracted?
How does the author build up to the climax? How does the story conclude?
Although understanding of the meaning is an important aspect of interpretation, it
alone doesn't make an effective interpretive reading. In addition to meaning, you must be
able to communicate the emotions and attitudes of the author. After you've determined the
meaning, analyze the story for emotions and attitudes. What different emotions are present
in the story? At what point is the emotional climax? At what other places do emotions peak?
What is the attitude of the author toward the subject? Is the author sarcastic, bitter, serious,
humorous, envious, respectful, or angry? Break down the story into its parts and analyze the
emotions and attitudes evident in each part. Then look at the story as a whole again. How do
the emotions and attitudes flow throughout the story?
1.3. PLANNING
Now that you understand the meaning, emotions, and attitudes of the story, you can
concentrate on communicating the story to your audience. This involves planning.
You communicate the story to your audience through your reading voice. Your goal
is to so enthrall the audience with your story that your audience isn't even aware of you. To
accomplish this, you must use your voice effectively. You must apply these basic speaking
techniques as you read your story: vocal variety, tempo, rhythm, inflection, and pause.
Vocal variety refers to variations in the volume and pitch of your speaking voice. A
monotonous, sing-song type of delivery bores the audience. Voice volume should be varied
to add emphasis or dramatic impact to your reading. Pitch also should be varied to convey
emotion. Low pitch indicates gloom or foreboding; a high pitch indicates joy or excitement.
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Tempo is the rate of speech at which you read. Tempo should vary throughout the
story as mood and thought change. In tragedy, or serious drama, the tempo is slow. In a
comedy the tempo is faster.
Rhythm in literature is the same as rhythm in music - it depends on the recurrence of
stress and accent. The English language is composed of words with varied accents. Words
with more than one syllable have at least one accent. When we combine words into sentences,
the words retain their individual accents, but the sentence also takes on an accent. In the
sentence "John rode the bus to school," an accent is placed in accordance with the meaning
the reader wants to convey. For example, by placing the accent on 'John,' the reader indicates
that John rode the bus, not someone else. If 'bus' is accented, the reader indicates that John
didn't ride his bicycle or go to school in some other way. The accents bring out the meaning
of the sentence.
Inflection is a gradual pitch change while producing a single sound. For example,
when you say, "Where did you go?" the 'O' in 'go' receives a rising inflection. Inflection puts
meaning into a word or sentence. Upward inflections carry the listener forward and add
tension. A downward inflection indicates finality.
The pause is one of the most valuable tools in interpretation. It's generally used in two
ways to generate anticipation in your audience for what is coming, and to allow the audience
to reflect on a point just made. Longer pauses should be used if the thought expressed is
difficult or unfamiliar, or when the reader is trying to impress a point upon the audience. A
longer pause also shows uncertainty. In emotional scenes, a long pause indicates the speaker's
inability to continue, or it gives the speaker time to regain composure. Whenever you use a
pause, it should be packed with meaning and its length should vary as the material demands.
Punctuation can serve as a guide to inserting pauses in your reading, but you also should
consider the author's meaning and purpose. More information on pauses and punctuation in
oral reading appears in the appendix of this manual.
You've now analyzed your story, its meaning, and emotions. You've also learned how
to use your voice to convey the story. Now you must practice reading the story aloud,
incorporating everything you've learned into your reading. Following are some tips to
remember as you practice:
§ Try to maintain the interest and excitement you had when you first read the story.
§ Be careful not to start the story at such a high pitch of interest that you can't build to the
climax.
§ Read the story aloud to your family or friends who have not heard it, and ask for their
reactions. Should the story move faster or slower? ls it confusing?
§ Tape record your story and play it back. What areas need improvement?
1.4. PRESENTATION
It's now time to read before your audience. Walk slowly to the front of the room. If
you'll be using a lectern, place your open book on it. If you would rather hold your book,
place it in the open palm of one hand. Don't clutch it with both hands - you'll look tense and
nervous. Hold the book low enough so it doesn't hide your face, and tilt it slightly toward
you. Stand straight, shoulders back, but relaxed.
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Pause before you begin to speak. This gives you time to compose yourself and attract
the audience's attention. Begin your story with a brief introduction to your material (no longer
than 45 seconds), including the author, title, and the part you'll be reading. Give any
necessary background material (time, place, characters, action) that the audience will need
to understand the story. You also may include why you selected this particular story to read.
A good introduction should prepare the audience mentally and emotionally for what you
want it to think and feel.
In narrative reading, you'll want to establish eye contact with your audience and
occasionally have a faraway look in your eyes if you want to stimulate the imaginations of
your listeners. Admittedly, it's hard to have eye contact with your audience if you're reading
from a book. To have eye contact, you must be so familiar with your material that you will
need only to look at the page occasionally to get the next idea. Know your material so well
that you'll easily find your place when you return your gaze to the book.
When you've finished your reading, pause before leaving the speaking area. This
allows your audience time to respond to your performance. Then walk slowly to your seat.
YOUR ASSIGNMENT
Select, analyze, plan, rehearse, and present a narrative that you
believe will appeal to your audience. If your selection is too long, edit
as appropriate. Prepare an introduction to your story, too. Use your
voice to convey the meaning of the story and the emotions portrayed
in it.
SUMMARY
Your successful interpretation of an author's story depends on your understanding of its
overall meaning. Identity the story's general purpose, then break it down into parts and
determine the meaning and purpose of each part. Then focus on communicating the story
through your reading voice. Use vocal variety, tempo, rhythm, inflection and pauses to
convey the story's emotions and actions.
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EVALUATION GUIDE: SHORT STORY
NOTE TO THE EVALUATOR: The purpose of this talk was for the speaker to present a
narrative using vocal techniques that help the audience to understand and enjoy the
selection. The speaker was to convey the author's meaning and emotions. It is suggested that
you read the entire project and the appendix before the presentation.
1. Was the theme understandable and the storyline clear?

2. To what degree did the speaker achieve the author's purpose in projecting the meaning
and emotions of the message?
3. How did the speaker emphasize the words which were important in revealing the
narrative's meaning and emotions?
4. How did the speaker build to the story's climax?
5. Did the introduction and transitions (if any) help you to better understand the narrative?
6. Was the speaker able to establish and maintain eye contact with the audience?
7. Did the speaker appear to be spontaneous during the presentation?
8. What could the speaker have done differently to improve the presentation?
9. What did you like about the presentation?
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Interpretive Reading Evaluation: SHORT STORY
Student Name :
Student’s Registration Number :
Class :
Level 4 (4
Level 1 (1 point) Level 2 (2 points) Level 3 (3 points) Points
points)
Selection of Selection is Selection could be more Selection is Selection is

Reading inappropriate for challenging for appropriate for challenging for
speaker's skill speaker's skill level. speaker's age and speaker's age
level. skill. and
skill.
Introductio Introduction
Introduction does Introduction gives Introduction
n effectively
not include enough sufficient introduction describes purpose, creatively
information for for audience to characters, and introduces
audience to understand selection context of selection selection to
understand reading enhance
selection listeners
experience
Voice, tone, and
Voice Volume, Voice and reading style Volume, tone,
timing
pronunciation or are adequate. have variety and timing, inflection,
vocal variation characters reflected in and language
needs reading. used are
to show
improvement. expression and
feeling of
characters.
Manner and Appearance, body Appearance and Conduct and Appearance and
Appearanc language or mannerisms are appearance mannerisms are
e gestures need appropriate. contribute of
to effectiveness presented with a
improvement. presentation. professional
demeanor and
personal style.
Closing well Closing is
Closing Closing is missing Closing is clear and
organized creative
or unclear. organized. and effective. and contributes
to and
a unified
cohesive
presentation.
Effectivene More practice is Audience interest is Effort is shown to Multiple
ss
needed to maintain maintained. enhance audience techniques are
audience interest. interest and used to artfully
involvement. and successfully
create audience
interest.
Total Points
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CHAPTER TWO:
POETRY
Reading Poetry Aloud
2.1. Finding the Meaning

2.2. Reading Poetry Aloud
2.3. Presentation
14
CHAPTER 2: POETRY
Objectives
Ø To understand the differences between poetry and prose
Ø To recognize how poets use imagery, rhythm, meter, cadence, and rhyme to convey the
meanings and emotions of their poetry
Ø To apply vocal techniques that will aid in the effectiveness of the reading
Time: Six to eight minutes
INTERPRETIVE POETRY
Poetry can be one of the most challenging forms of literature to interpret.
Poetry is highly imaginative and highly charged with emotion-much more so
than prose. A poet doesn't give a complete and detailed description of a scene
or incident as the writer of prose does. Poets feel that a lot of words weaken a poem.
Instead, the poet takes some detail and by suggestion causes us to fill in the other
details with our imagination. The poet uses images to pack as much as possible into
a few words. Sometimes, too, the poet ignores logic and factual truth and uses
symbolism instead of realism. All of this can make interpretation more difficult.
2.1. FINDING THE MEANING

Interpretation of poetry involves the same basic steps as interpretation of prose: analysis,
planning, and presentation.
To interpret a poem, you first must understand the thought and imagery in it. What
thought or idea is the poet conveying in the poem? Once you understand this, you can break
down the poem into stanzas or sentences and determine the thoughts expressed in each.
To enhance the flow and rhythm of the poem, poets often use long, complicated
sentences that can be confusing. In these cases, it's helpful to restructure the sentence in your
own mind to is normal order-subject, verb, object, etc.-and arrange clauses and phrases to
modify the appropriate parts of the sentence. You'll then understand the meaning of the
sentence and will be able to read the original sentence, inserting pauses and using inflections
to group the words and phrases so their meaning is clear. For example, analyze this poem,
Ozymandias, by Percy Bysshe Shelley:
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Ozymandias,
by Percy Bysshe Shelley
I met a travelet from an antique land

Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert.
Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive (stamped on these lifeless things),
The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
Nothing beside remains.
Round the decay of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
Reading the poem through, you can see that the poet met a traveler who came upon
the remains of a statue of a long-ago king in the desert. The traveler is describing what he
saw. The opening sentence is clear and uncomplicated. The second sentence, however, is
long, convoluted, and contains several phrases set off by colons, semicolons, parentheses,
commas, and quotation marks. "Near them" refers to the "legs of stone:' "On the sand" refers
to the legs of stone and to the object (the statue's face) which lies near them. "Half sunk"
refers to the "shattered visage" (face), which lies near the legs of stone. Paraphrased, the
sentence would read, "A shattered visage lies on the sand, half sunk in it, near the legs of
stone:'
" ... whose frown, and wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command;' describes the 'visage,"
and are emotions which the sculptor understood well and which still survive. The
parenthetical remark "stamped on these lifeless things;' gives a double meaning to "yet
survive:' The passions are still present today, and they have survived both the artist's hand
that mockingly portrayed them and the heart of the king that fed them.
And on the pedestal these words appear:
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:

Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
The quoted lines are the inscription that appears on the base of the statue. The
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inscription indicates the arrogance of the king and his dictatorial style.
In the last sentence of the poem the words "boundless and bare" refer to the sands, not to the
"colossal wreck" of the statue.
Here is another sample of poetry that is written by Indonesian Author.
The Love Song of Saut Speedy Gonzales

By: Saut Situmorang
love is a Burmese cat running across the road & was shot at by APEC leaders’ security
members
love is the tampon that you mistook for a Chinese herbal tea-bag
love is red & fiery like a member of a Communist party
love is never boring except in a Hollywood movie
love is in the air & like a fart it is always interesting & smelly
love is a full course of Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault with a sprinkle of Alfred
Hitchcock
love used to be blind & childish & very Greek
love is now multicultural & global with English as its medium of expression
love is real like a cruise missile launched from an American USS-Imperialism
love is sexy & lovely like a multicoloured used condom recycled to the Third World
countries
love is an Indonesian clove cigarette you smoke during a Mozart concert
love is high culture like a backpacker running out of toilet paper in the jungle of
Indonesia
love is never vegetarian & not going to be one either
love is alcoholic & full of nicotine
love is poisonous & very very addictive
are you ready for love?
Source: http://www.tupeloquarterly.com/the-language-of-our-dreams-a-
conversation-with-indonesian-poet-saut-situmorang-curated-by-ming-di/
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2.2. READING POETRY ALOUD

In planning and rehearsing your interpretive reading, you should realize that reading
poetry aloud differs from reading prose aloud. Poetry makes greater use of rhythm, meter,
cadence, and rhyme.
• Rhythm is the regular recurrence of stress and accent. Rhythm adds to the emotions
being expressed in a poem.
• Meter is the systematic rhythmic pattern of lines arranged in stressed and unstressed
syllables. Meter helps to establish rhythm and enhances the emotional content of the
lines. Meter can change.
• Cadence is a pattern of sound and silence - words sandwiched between pauses. Often
cadence is marked by punctuation.
• Rhyme is a correspondence of sounds in two or more words - cat and rat, for example.
Rhyme usually is found at the end of lines, but internal rhyme may exist between a word
in the line and one at the end. Rhyme is pleasant to listen to and it accentuates the rhythm
of the poem.
A common error in reading poetry aloud is the tendency to allow the rhythm, meter,
cadence, and rhyme to carry you away, resulting in a sing-song, jingle effect that ruins the
mood and feel of the poem. Many people feel that they must drop their voice at the end of
each line. This isn't always so. Poetry must be read in phrases, not in lines. For example, in
the first sentence of the above poem, you may be tempted to drop your voice and pause after
saying "land," at the end of the first line. That isn't necessary, and could confuse your
listeners. You should drop your voice and pause briefly after "said" in the second line and
after "desert" in the third line. You may find it helpful to read poetry as if you were reading
prose.
2.3. PRESENTATION
When reading your poem before your audience, don't look at the audience as often as
you would when reading prose. Direct eye contact may inhibit the audience's response. Also,
speak slower than you would when reading prose. Imagery is more difficult to assimilate
than a story. The audience needs time to hear the words, create the images, and respond.
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Your Assignment
Select, analyze, plan, rehearse, and present a poem that you feel
would be of interest to your audience. (You may find the poems of
Emily Dickinson, Willa Cather, Rudyard Kipling, and Robert
Frost appealing.) Prepare an appropriate introduction of no more
than 45 seconds. Use your voice to convey the mood, meaning,
and emotions of the poem.
SUMMARY
Poetry can be difficult to interpret because a poet often relies on symbolism, imagery and
suggestion to convey its message instead of clear description. Identify the poem's general
purpose, then break down the poem into stanzas or sentences and determine the thoughts
expressed in each. Poetry makes greater use of rhythm, meter, cadence and rhyme than prose,
so be careful to avoid delivering it in a singsong manner.
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EVALUATION GUIDE: POETRY
NOTE TO THE EVALUATOR: In this project, the speaker's task was to present a poem, using
vocal techniques to capture the imagery and rhythm of a poem and to convey its meaning
and emotions to the audience. It is suggested that you read the entire project and the
appendix before the presentation.
1. How was the speaker able to express the thoughts and emotions of the poem?
2. Did the speaker understand the poem? Was the speaker able to envision the pictures
painted by the poet?
3. Did the speaker make effective use of pauses, rhythm, and cadence?
4. Did the speaker avoid a "sing-song" rhythm?
5. What kind of eye contact did the speaker have with the audience? Was it appropriate
for the type of presentation?
6. Was the speaker well prepared and familiar with the material?
20
Interpretive Reading Evaluation: POETRY
Student Name :
Class :
Level 4 (4
points)
Selection could be
Selection of Selection is Selection is Selection is
more
level. skill. and
skill.
Introductio
Introduction does Introduction gives Introduction effectively Introduction
n
selection listeners
experience
Voice and reading
Voice Volume, Voice, tone, and timing Volume, tone,
style
to show
feeling of
characters.
Appearanc language or mannerisms are appearance contribute mannerisms are

e gestures need appropriate. to effectiveness of presented with a
demeanor and
personal style.
Closing is
Closing Closing is missing Closing is clear and Closing well organized
creative
to and
a unified
cohesive
presentation.
Effectivene
More practice is Audience interest is Effort is shown to Multiple
ss
create audience
interest.
Total Points
21
CHAPTER THREE:
THE ORATORICAL
SPEECH
Reading the Oratorical Speech
3.1. Basic Speech Structure

3.2. Presentation
22
CHAPTER 3 THE ORATORICAL SPEECH

OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the structure of an effective speech
• To interpret and present o famous speech
Time: Eight to ten minutes
READING A SPEECH TEXT

One type of interpretive reading is the oratorical speech or declamation. A declamation
is a memorized rendition of an address or part of an address by a well-known orator. For
example, you may have heard someone read Daniel Webster's speech, "Liberty and Union"
or Abraham Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address:'
3.1. BASIC SPEECH STRUCTURE

To effectively interpret a speech, you need to know the speech's structure. The basic
structure, with which you're already familiar, is introduction, body, and conclusion. This
basic structure can be further broken down into Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization,
and Action. The speaker first gets the listeners' attention, then creates a feeling of need,
satisfies that need, makes the listeners visualize the satisfaction, and finally urges the
listeners to action. In short, the opening attracts attention and gives some background. The
body contains information on need, satisfaction, and visualization. The conclusion compels
the audience to action.
A good example of a famous speech is Lincoln's "Second Inaugural Address'.'
SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
Fellow countrymen: At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office,
there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement
somewhat in detail, of a course to be pursued, seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the
expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called
forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and
engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of
our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself;
and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the
future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.
On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously
directed to an important civil war. All dreaded it-all sought to avert it. While the inaugural
address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union
without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking
to dissolve the Union, and divide effects, by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war; but
23
one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept
war rather than let it perish. And the war came.
One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally
over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar
and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was, somehow, the cause of the war. To
strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents
would rend the Union, even by war; while the government claimed no right to do more
than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.
Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has
already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or
even before, the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a
result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same
God; and each invokes his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should
dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's
faces; but let us judge not, that we not be judged. The prayers of both could not be
answered - that of neither has been answered fully.
The Almighty has his own purposes, "Woe unto the world because of offenses! For
it must needs be that offenses come; but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh."
If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offenses which, in the providence
of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through his appointed time, he
now wills to remove, and that he gives to both North and South this terrible war, as the
woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from
those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to him? Fondly
do we hope fervently do we pray- that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away.
Yet, if God wills that it continues until all the wealth piled by the bondmen's two hundred
and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with
the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years
ago, so still it must be said, "The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether'.'
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God
gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's
wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan
- to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and
with all nations.
In this speech, Lincoln uses the opening to establish his relationship with the audience.
In the body he emphasizes that slavery caused the war, and that the North and the South both
believe they are right. The body closes with the idea that God has his own purposes for the
war. In the conclusion, Lincoln reiterates his desire to end the war. Many of the sentences in
his speech are long. Yet they are well constructed and when read with the proper rhythm and
inflections, are easily understandable.
3.2. PRESENTATION
There are some ways that can be done to make an effective speech.
24
The first is from John W. Rirchardson stating that there are some effective ways of
reading a Speech, as follows:
1. Use the Ronald Reagan’s Method. Our former president was a master of reading from
a script. His secret… He would look down at the written word and
quickly memorize the first sentence. He would then look up at the audience and read
the sentence from memory. He would then look down, memorize the next sentence, and
then look back up at the audience and deliver. He would never speak while looking
down. With practice, he carried this off as if he had no notes at all.
2. Use a Teleprompter. Presidents and other politicians use teleprompters all the time. The
secret is to make them invisible by looking past them at your audience. Making eye
contact with your audience builds rapport, so with practice, you’ll be able to see the
words and your audience too. The further away the Teleprompter is the less your eyes
will move reading the text. CuePrompter.com is a free site that will quickly turn your
computer or iPad into a teleprompter. Just paste in your text into the onscreen box, set
your speed, and viola, you have a the text scrolling in a very smooth fashion. Using this
with an iPad is wonderful, because you can place your iPad on the lectern and have it
prompt you without being intrusive. The ProPrompter app for the iPad gives you
additional flexibility since you don’t need a web connection to use it.
3. Use the Second Grade Teacher Method. We have all had books read to us as a kid by
our parents or teachers. They just open the book, read the text, and then show us the
pictures. While this may not be the preferred method, it does work in a pinch when
presenting to small groups. It is especially effective if you you treat your adult audience
like second graders, by saying class… pay attention and other phrases only a librarian
would be proud of.
Overall: whichever reading method you use be sure to enhance your presentation by
using vocal variety, generous gestures, and making eye contact with your audience during
pauses. The big secret to making this work is to practice, practice, practice. Once you get the
hang of it, your audience will hardly notice you reading at all.
Source: https://fireuptoday.com/how-to-read-a-speech/
The second one is from Andrew Dlugan, as follows:
When is it okay to read a speech?
It is strongly encouraged for you to read your speeches as rarely as possible, even
though there are occasions when it is acceptable, or even expected. These include:
§ You are speaking at a highly formal occasion (e.g. a commencement speech)

§ You are delivering a particularly emotional speech (e.g. a wedding speech, a eulogy)
§ You are forced to read word-for-word by lawyers or campaign managers(e.g. a
corporate statement; a political speech)
25
§ A speechwriter has written your speech.

§ Life prevented you from preparing adequately. (Don’t let this happen often… your
speech really would go better if you prepare.)
§ Within a larger speech, you are reading a passage from another work (e.g. a poem; a
book excerpt).
§ You are a brand-new speaker, and you haven’t developed the confidence yet to go
without a script.
The drawbacks of reading from a script
Once you are committed to reading your speech (or a portion of it), it is helpful to
consider the drawbacks so that you can attempt to compensate for them.
Negative effects of reading include:
§ Your eyes are on your page, and not connecting with your audience.
§ Your eyes are on your page, and not reading feedback from your audience.
§ Your head is tipped down, which inhibits your vocal projection.
§ You are locked into the words, not as free to introduce a conversational style.
§ You risk skipping words or lines, and sounding foolish.
§ Your vocal variety tends to be limited, as you concentrate on simply “getting the
words out” instead of worrying how they sound.
Creating the best printed speech
Whether you are writing your own speech, or writing one for someone else to deliver,
there are several strategies for creating an optimal page, including:
§ Don’t hand-print or write your speech. I don’t know a person in the world who writes
or prints as neatly as Times New Roman font. Even slight imperfections in your
penmanship make you work harder than necessary when reading. Type it in and print it
out.
§ Print with a large font size — larger than you would typically use. For example, I
typically print documents with 9 or 10 point font. When I have to read during a speech,
I make sure it is 12, 14, or 18-point font. Larger typography makes it easier to read, and
easier to find your place as you look up and then back down again.
26
§ Print using multiple narrow columns. It is harder to read wide columns of text (your
eye is strained to “wrap” to the next line), so format it into two or three columns.
§ Use subheadings. You won’t read these, of course, but using subheadings can help to
structure the speech on the page, and is a good signal to take an extended pause.
§ Use line breaks to mark pauses, even within sentences. The idea is to divide the
sentence into bite-sized chunks. Between each chunk, insert a slight pause, which is
marked by the line break. Skilled speakers can use this technique to create a balanced
cadence that overcomes some of the drawbacks of reading.
§ Use ellipses to mark pauses, … or perhaps words that should be drawn out for effect.
§ Use italics or bolding to mark words, phrases, or entire sentences that require
extra emphasis. Pick one style and use it consistently, so as not to confuse yourself or
your speaker. I suggest not using underlining for this purpose as it will often truncate
the bottoms of letters making them harder to read.
§ Use italics or bolding or color to mark linked words, which may be separated by
several other words or sentences. Consider this a form of super-emphasis.
§ Put instructional annotations in the margins.
What can you do with your body?
The printed page acts a bit like handcuffs, restraining your gestures and locking your
body position in non-optimal ways. Still, there are a few things you can do to improve the
situation.
§ As much as possible, position your printed page high and away from your body.
(i.e. if you are using a lectern, make sure it is nott set too low, and try to read from the
upper part.) This will keep your gaze closer to your audience, and also allow better voice
projection.
§ Don’t forget about gestures. It is hard to incorporate them, but do your best to avoid a
completely lifeless body.
§ Use expressive facial gestures while you read. Though it may seem counter-intuitive
to use facial gestures even when you are facing downward, forcing yourself to generate
appropriate facial gestures will bring your vocal variety alive.
27
Final Tips
§ Minimize reading your speeches. For most settings, your delivery will be much more
effective if you free yourself of the page. If you can only memorize a few sentences,
then memorize your opening and closing words.
§ Don’t accept the “I didn’t have time to learn it” excuse from yourself repeatedly.
You owe it to yourself and to your future audiences to break free of the page.
§ All of these techniques above can be utilized to prepare yourself for rehearsals.
Working from a well-annotated printed speech, you will find it easier to practice and
gradually learn the speech. You should also be editing and revising as you rehearse.
Source: http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/reading-your-speech/
Your Assignment
For this project, you are to select, rehearse, and present a famous
speech. Employ all of your interpretive reading skills to bring the speech
to life. You are encouraged to use gestures/body movement to enhance
your presentation. If possible, dress in costume.
Prepare a brief introduction of no more than 45 seconds for your
presentation
SUMMARY
Presenting a speech given by someone else can be challenging. In this project, you must use
all of your interpretive reading skills to bring to life someone else's speech. This most likely
will involve establishing a relationship with the audience, convincing them that your
viewpoint is the best one. You must move them with your passion and sincerity.
28
EVALUATION GUIDE: ORATORICAL SPEECH
NOTE TO THE EVALUATOR: For this project, the speaker was to present a famous speech,
using voice and gestures/body movements to express the original speaker's meaning and
emotions. It is suggested you read the project and the appendix before the presentation.
1. Did the speaker reveal the original speaker intelligently, significantly, and with
adequate feeling?
2. Was the speaker comfortable with the speech?
3. How did the speaker establish rapport with the audience? Did the speaker address the
audience, not the book?
4. Did the speaker inspire the audience?
29
Interpretive Reading Evaluation: ORATORICAL SPEECH
Student Name :
Class :
Level 4 (4
points)

level. skill. and
skill.
n effectively
selection listeners
experience
Voice, tone, and
timing
to show
feeling of
characters.

demeanor and
personal style.
organized creative
to and
a unified
cohesive
presentation.
Effectivene
ss
create audience
interest.
Total Points
30
CHAPTER FOUR:
THE MONODRAMA
Reading Monodrama Text
4.1. Almost an Actor

4.2. Know the Character
4.3. Presentation
31
CHAPTER 4 THE MONODRAMA

OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concept and nature of the monodrama
• To assume the identity of a character and to portray the physical and emotional aspects of this
character to an audience
Time: Five to seven minutes
READING A MONODRAMA TEXT

The monodrama is a form of interpretation in which one person tells or acts
out a dramatic story and assumes the one chief role. All attention is focused on this
person and situation. Usually the speaker appears to be talking to an unseen person, whose
unheard questions and statements seem to motivate the speaker’s words and actions.
However, in some situations the speaker is talking only to himself; this is called a soliloquy.
Whether the speaker has a listener or not, he is not merely making a speech. The speaker is
revealing innermost thoughts and feelings on some matter of personal importance, and thus
is highly emotional. Monodramas may be written in prose or poetry. Some examples include
Robert Browning’s “The Patriot” and “My Last Duchess” and Tennyson’s “Ulysses”.
Here is one of the free samples of monodrama script that can be used for reading
monodrama:
Bargaining
by Kellie Powell
Hannah: Ryan, there's something I have to tell you. (Pause.) I was born in 1931. I never
lied to you, I am 23. But I've been 23 since the year 1954.
I know, I know. It's impossible, right? No one lives forever? But, sometimes they do. In
1953, I got married. A few weeks after the wedding, I suddenly fell ill. My husband took
me to a hospital. I was there for almost a week. I was in so much pain. And no one could
say for sure what was wrong. One night, in the hospital, a stranger came to see me. He
told me, "Janie, you're going to die tomorrow." That was my name then, the name I was
born with.
This man, the stranger, he offered me a chance to live forever. He said, "You can die
tomorrow, or you can live forever. Stay young forever." Well, of course my first thought
was, the devil has come to tempt me. He wasn't the devil. And of course, I don't believe
in the devil anymore. There are powerful beings on this earth, but man created Satan. And
God, for that matter. My point is, this man offered me a chance to live. And I took it.
32
I will live forever. I will never age. I cannot be harmed, not physically. I can't be hurt by
bullets, or knives, or fire, or even explosions. I can't be hurt by diseases - in fact, I can't
even catch a cold.
When my husband was 45, he died in a car accident. At his funeral, the stranger came to
see me again. He asked me if I wanted to... give up my gift, and... die. I thought about it.
But I said, no. I wasn't ready. I knew there was more for me. I have centuries and centuries
ahead of me. These first hundred years... are like a drop in the ocean...
My husband never knew about me, and he didn't have a choice. I don't want to go through
that again. I don't want to fall in love again for twenty years. Twenty years is... gone in
the blink of an eye. I'm looking for someone to love forever. Most people, when they say
forever, they mean... well, they don't really mean forever. But I do. I'm in love with you,
Ryan. And I'm asking you to share forever with me.
Source: http://www.ace-your-audition.com/support-files/hannah.pdf
3.1. ALMOST AN ACTOR

Monodramatic readers border on being actors in some respects. They portray a single
character through identification with the character by voice, gestures, and mannerisms. If the
person represented is a villain, the reader must make his speech sound villainous. If the
person represented is a king, the reader must make himself sound royal. Monodramatic
readers draw upon all of their observations, past reading, and imagination to make the
character come to life. Some even use makeup, costumes, and props to add impact to their
reacting. Others memorize their lines and don't use books or lecterns in their presentations.
3.2. KNOW THE CHARACTER

Successful presentation of a monodrama begins with complete understanding of the
material being presented. Analyze your selection for its meaning and emotions, plot and
climaxes, as outlined in Project One of this manual. Then turn your attention to the character
who is speaking.
Is the person strong or weak, timid or confident? Angry or sad? Does the character
express true emotions or conceal them? To whom, if anyone, is the character speaking? What
kind of relationship exists between the two people.
Once you've established the mental and emotional aspects of the character, you're
ready to work on the vocal and physical aspects. What vocal elements-rhythm, inflection,
pitch-would most accurately and quickly suggest the character to your audience? What
gestures/body movements best reflect the physical characteristics of the person? Be sure to
read the appendix for tips on using gestures/body movement in interpretive reading.
3.3. PRESENTATION
When reading a monodrama, don't look directly at your audience. In these situations, your
listeners are overhearing something that they were not meant to hear. Don't acknowledge
their presence by looking at them.
33
Your Assignment
Select, analyze, and present a monodrama. The monodrama may be in
prose or poetry. Use your voice and body to convey the mental, emotional,
and physical characteristics of the person who is speaking. Prepare an
introduction (of no more than 45 seconds) to your selection. If possible,
memorize your selection. If you can't do this, at least try to refer to the book
as little as possible as you speak. You may use props if you feel they will
add to the impression you want to make on your audience.
SUMMARY
In a monodrama, the speaker portrays a single character, striving to bring that charac-
ter to I ife through voice, gestures and mannerisms. Usually the speaker appears to be talking
to an unseen person who seems to motivate the speaker's words and actions, but in some
situations the speaker may be talking only to himself. Analyze your selection for meaning
and emotions, study the character's personality and relationships with others, then determine
which vocal elements and body movements would best reflect the character to your audience.
34
EVALUATION GUIDE : MONODRAMA
NOTE TO THE EVALUATOR: In this project, the speaker was to present a monodrama,
assuming a character who reveals his innermost thoughts and feelings on some matter of
importance. All attention is focused on the speaker, and the speaker may seem to be talking
to a second, unseen person whose unheard questions and statements seem to motivate the
speaker's words and actions. The speaker was to use voice and body to convey the mental,
emotional, and physical characteristics of the person who is speaking. It is suggested you
read the project and the appendix before the presentation.
1. Was the character clearly defined by the speaker?

2. Did the speaker effectively express the conflict in which the character was involved?
3. How effectively did the speaker use voice and gestures/body movements?
4. Did the speaker successfully avoid eye contact with the audience?
5. With what parts of the monodrama did the speaker appear most comfortable?
6. Did the speaker display any distracting mannerisms?
35
Interpretive Reading Evaluation: MONODRAMA
Student Name :
Class :
Level 4 (4
points)

level. skill. and
skill.
n effectively
selection listeners
experience
Voice, tone, and
timing
to show
feeling of
characters.
demeanor and
personal style.
organized creative
to and
a unified
cohesive
presentation.
Effectivene
ss
create audience
interest.
Total Points
36
CHAPTER FIVE:
THE PLAY
The Play
5.1. Adapting the Material

5.2. Presentation
37
CHAPTER 5 THE PLAY

OBJECTIVES:
• To adopt o play for interpretive reading
• To portray several characters in one reading, identifying them to the audience through voice changes
and movement
Time: 12 to 15 minutes
THE PLAY
The play is a story told in the form of action and dialogue. Plays usually are presented
on stage, with lighting, costumes, scenery, makeup, actors, and props. However, the
interpretive reader of a play ignores all of these items and merely suggests the essence of the
play through voice, body, emotion, and imagination.
Any play you select for presentation should have a good story that attracts attention and
moves along quickly. The story should be suspenseful, too. It should rise steadily to the climax
and quickly close. The story also should involve only a few characters, for ease of com-
prehension. After all, you will be reading the parts of all of the characters, distinguishing them
by different voices and actions. If there are too many characters, you and the audience will
become confused.
5.1. ADAPTING THE MATERIAL

Most plays are two to three hours long-far too long for one person to present. This means
the play must be cut to a manageable length, yet still make sense.
Since much of the play is cut out, the audience won't understand the part being presented
unless you provide some introductory material. Introduce each character you will be presenting
and give one or two sentences of description for each. Also describe the setting of the play and
any action that has taken place earlier. Then move easily into the play.
You won't read everything in the script to your audience. You won't name each character
before she speaks, although the name always appears before each new passage of dialogue in
the scripl. You must identify the different characters through your voice. Use a different pitch
and tempo for each character, making sure the pitch and tempo match the type of character
speaking. For example, a young, happy girl should have a higher pitched voice and speak more
rapidly than an older man.
Be careful not to overdo your differentiations. Your goal is to 'suggest' different
characters, not to actually become them.
You won't read most stage directions (those words in parentheses in the script) either.
Stage directions describe a character's movements or expressions which would enhance the
scene if acted. In some cases, though, stage directions should be read.
Robert: Mary, I cannot tolerate such lies any longer!
(Robert leaves, slamming the door behind him).
Robert's exit should be noted because of its effect on the scene. However, you may want
to paraphrase the directions to smooth the transition.
38
Be careful not to make one-character sound more interesting or more important than
called for in your story. Don't let a minor character steal the scene or destroy the emotional
impact of a scene. Reflect the feelings of the characters in the way you read their lines. Increase
the emotion as you approach the climax of the story.
Practice reading the play aloud over and over, until you are comfortable with the character
changes and transitions. Tape record your reading and play it back to see if the mood and
emotional impact you're striving for is achieved.
§ Are your characters clearly delineated?
§ Does your vocal interpretation of each character detract from the story?
§ Is the action understandable?
The followings are the samples of the play scripts that can be used.
Cinderella Play Script
39
Source: http://www.lwbooks.co.kr/dn/play_script.pdf
See the full script on appendix 1
Tangkuban perahu
Indonesian Folktale
Once upon a time in West Java lived a wise king who had a beautiful daughter. Her
name is Dayang Sumbi. Dayang symbi has a husband named Tumang. Tumang was actually
a prince, he was spelled by a bad witch into a dog.
Several months later, they had a son. His name is Sangkuriang. He is handsome and
healthy boy. He didnt know that his father is the dog. Sangkuriang likes hunting very much,
he often went hunting to the woods using his gun. When he went hunting, Tumang always
go with him.
One day, Dayang Sumbi wanted to eat a deer’s heart, so she asked her son to hunt
for a deer.
Dayang Sumbi : “Oh my dearest son, today, suddenly I feel like eating a deer’s
heart. Will you go hunt it for your mom?”
Sangkuriang : “Of course, mom. It’s my pleasure to do it. I will go hunt to the
wood right now. Bye-bye, Mom. Let’s go, Tumang!”
Then Sangkuriang went to the wood holding his gun and with his faithful dog,
Tumang. But, after several days in the wood, Sangkuriang couldn’t find any deer. They
were all disappeared. Sangkuriang was exstremely tired and desperate. He sat below on the
tree and talk to himself.
Sangkuriang : “What should I do right now? I couldn’t find any deer after
several days hunting. What should I do now?!”
He looked at Tumang. His faithful dog is laying beside him right now. Tired. Then
Sangkuriang holds his gun and shot Tumang right in its heart.
Sangkuriang : “Sorry Tumang, its doesnt seem right, but I have to find an animal
heart to replace the deer’s heart”
Source:http://endriopangestu.blogspot.com/2014/03/teks-drama-tangkuban-perahu-
sangkuriang.html
See Appendix 2 for the full script.
40
5.2. PRESENTATION
When reading a play, don't look directly at your audience. In these situations, your
listeners are overhearing something that they were not meant to hear. Don't acknowledge their
presence by looking at them.
Your Assignment
Select, rehearse, and present a play or portion of a play. (You may find
the plays of James M. Barrie and Eugene O'Neill of interest.) Edit the
material as necessary to fall into the given time frame, following the
guidelines in the appendix at the back of this manual. Your play should have
no more than three different characters. Use your voice and gestures/body
movement to suggest each character to your audience. Be sure to review the
tips on gestures/body movement and reading in the appendix. Prepare an
appropriate introduction of no more than 60 seconds.
SUMMARY
The interpretive reader of a ploy reads the parts of more than one character, using
different vocal qualities and body movements to distinguish be1ween them. Select o play or
portion of a ploy that involves only o few characters or you may confuse the audience. Practice
the reading until you can smoothly change characters.
41
EVALUATION GUIDE: THE PLAY
NOTE TO THE EVALUATOR: The speaker was to present a play, or portion of a play, using voice
and gestures/ body movement to suggest the different characters. It is suggested that you read the
project and the appendix before the presentation.
1. Were the characters vocally, physically, and emotionally distinct? Were character
changes smooth and quick?
2. Did the pitch or tempo of any character distract you?
3. Was the plot of the play clear? Was the play properly cut so it flowed smoothly? Were
transitions clear?
4. How did the speaker build to the climax of the play?
5. Did the speaker have eye contact with the audience? Was eye contact appropriate for
the presentation?
42
Interpretive Reading Evaluation: THE PLAY
Student Name :
Class :
Level 4 (4
points)

level. skill. and
skill.
n effectively
selection listeners
experience
Voice, tone, and
timing
to show
feeling of
characters.

demeanor and
personal style.
organized creative
to and
a unified
cohesive
presentation.
Effectivene
ss
create audience
interest.
Total Points
43
Appendix 1. Cinderella Play Script
44
45
46
47
Appendix 2. Sangkuriang Play Script
Tangkuban Perahu
Indonesian Folktale
****
Once upon a time in West Java lived a wise king who had a beautiful daughter. Her
name is Dayang Sumbi. Dayang symbi has a husband named Tumang. Tumang was actually
a prince, he was spelled by a bad witch into a dog.
Several months later, they had a son. His name is Sangkuriang. He is handsome and
healthy boy. He didnt know that his father is the dog. Sangkuriang likes hunting very much,
he often went hunting to the woods using his gun. When he went hunting, Tumang always
go with him.
One day, Dayang Sumbi wanted to eat a deer’s heart, so she asked her son to hunt
for a deer.
Dayang Sumbi : “Oh my dearest son, today, suddenly I feel like eating a deer’s
heart. Will you go hunt it for your mom?”
Sangkuriang : “Of course, mom. It’s my pleasure to do it. I will go hunt to the
wood right now. Bye-bye, Mom. Let’s go, Tumang!”
Then Sangkuriang went to the wood holding his gun and with his faithful dog,
Tumang. But, after several days in the wood, Sangkuriang couldn’t find any deer. They
were all disappeared. Sangkuriang was exstremely tired and desperate. He sat below on the
tree and talk to himself.
Sangkuriang : “What should I do right now? I couldn’t find any deer after
several days hunting. What should I do now?!”
He looked at Tumang. His faithful dog is laying beside him right now. Tired. Then
Sangkuriang holds his gun and shot Tumang right in its heart.
Sangkuriang : “Sorry Tumang, its doesnt seem right, but I have to find an animal
heart to replace the deer’s heart”
Sangkuriang really didn’t want to disappointed his mother so he killed Tumang.
Sangkuriang didn’t know that Tumang is actually his father. Sangkuriang went home and
bring Tumang’s heart to give it to his mother.
48
Sangkuriang : “Mom, here it is. Deer’s heart. I have been looking for it for several
days. All deers were all disappear suddenly. Then I found this only
one deer this morning.”
Dayang Sumbi : “Awww.. thank you so much, my dearest son. Anyways, where is
Tumang? I don’t see him around with you.”
Sangkuriang : “Ermmm…”
Sangkuriang : “… please, don’t be mad at me if I’m being honest to you. I really
couldn’t find any deer at the jungle. And… and I don’t want to
disappoint you. So I killed…. Tumang.”
Dayang Sumbi : “WHAT? WHAT DID YOU SAY, SANGKURIANG? YOU
KILLED TUMANG? YOU KILLED HIM, HUH? YOU KILLED
HIM?”
Dayang Sumbi was very upset that she couldn’t handle her emotion so she hit
Sangkuriang at his head. Sangkuriang was wounded. There was a big scar on his head.
Dayang Sumbi also revelled him.
Dayang Sumbi : “YOU ARE SUCH A USELESS SON. STUPID!! NOW, STAY
AWAY FROM ME! LEAVE ME ALONE! GET OUT FROM
THIS HOUSE! GO!!!!!!!”
*Dayang sumbi leaves the room*
Days by days, weeks by weeks, months by months, years by years. Many years
passed and Sangkuriang has grown up to a very strong and attractive young man. But, he
still has a scar on his head which was being hit by his mother. Sangkuriang wandered
everywhere, one day he arrived at his own mansion but didn’t realize it. There, he met
Dayang Sumbi.
Sangkuriang : “Wow.. How beautiful is that woman. I need to know her. But…
her face looks so familiar, but ah never mind.”
Sangkuriang : ”What’s your name, miss ? “
Dayang Sumbi : “My name is Dayang sumbi, sir, and what is your name sir ? “
Sangkuriang : “My name is Sangkuriang
At the time, Dayang Sumbi was given an eternal beauty by God, so she is forever young.
Both of them, didn’t recognize each other. They fell in love at the first sight. They chat and
share about stuffs until the sun goes down.
Dayang Sumbi : "I think there's a scar on your head?"
49
Sangkuriang : "Really?"
Dayang Sumbi : "Yes. Can you tell me why it wound? "
Sangkuriang suddenly remembered little of her past.
Dayang Sumbi : "What was the cause of the wound?"
Sangkuriang : "That hit by my own mother."
Dayang Sumbi : "Huh? Hit?"
Dayang Sumbi almost fainted because too upset that she is now realized that this
man was her son.
Dayang Sumbi : “Oh my God! Hey you’re my son!”
Sangkuriang : “What? Mom? You’re not my mom, she’s old now! Haha.. You
must be kidding me.”
It was impossible for them to marry, Dayang Sumbi told him about that but he doesn’t
believe it. He wished to marry her soon. So, Dayang Sumbi gave a very difficult condition.
She wanted sangkuriang to build a yacth in a night, she said, she needed that for
honeymoon.
Dayang Sumbi : “It is impposible for us to marry! You are my son, Sangkuriang.
See that scar on your head? I hit you long time ago, remember?
We can’t..”
Sangkuriang : “Me? Your son? Like seriously, if you were my mom, you would
be way older than me.”
Dayang Sumbi : “No… you are my son, Sangkuriang. I am your mommy. Dayang
Sumbi!”
Sangkuriang : “No way! You must be kidding me!”
Dayang Sumbi : “Okay if you don’t believe me, fine. I will marry you.. BUT.. build
me a yacth, in a night !”
Sangkuriang : “Okay, if I finished it in a night, you must marry me !”
*Genie comes out from a door*
Sangkuriang : “Genieeeeee !! Genieeeee”
Genie : “I am here master”
Sangkuriang : “Oh, Genie. I need your help, my future wife wants me to build a
yacht for her in a night.”
Genie : “Ha.. So easy master. I could make it in less than a night.”
50
Then he started building the yacth. It was almost morning when he nearly finished it.
Meanwhile, Dayang Sumbi kept watching on them. She was worried, the she made lights
in the east by waving an orange sarong and she made the rooster wake up. The genie thought
that it was already done. It was time for it to leave Sangkuriang alone. Without its help he
couldn’t finish the yacht.
Genie : “what….. I gotta go, master. The sun is going up. Bye bye”
Sangkuriang : “Nooooo, dont leave me!”
Dayang Sumbi : “Oh.. I’m really sorry to say but… you failed. I am sorry but I
can’t marry you, Sangkuriang. It’s morning already and.. you
haven’t finished the yacht I asked you.”
Sangkuriang was very angry and he kicked the yacht, and the yacht turned out to be
Mount Tangkuban Perahu. It means, the upside-down yacht, because from a distant it looks
like so.
-The end-
51
Appendix 3. Vocabulary Enhancement
A. Animal Idioms
Idiom Meaning Example Sentence
unable to sit still or remain calm

ants in one's Lisa had ants in her pants the day
out of nervousness or
pants before her interview.
excitement
I learned about the birds and the

(the) birds
sex education bees when my baby brother was
and the bees
born.
I'm going to have a cat nap while

cat nap a short sleep
you're cooking dinner.
It looks like the cat's got your

cat's got said about someone who doesn't
tongue, Lucy. Are you always this
one's tongue speak (usually due to shyness)
quiet?
I was going to take a ride on Geoff's

to decide not to do something
chicken out motorcyle, but I chickened out
out of fear (usually just before)
when he gave me a helmet to wear.
Arthur clammed up when I asked

clam up become quiet suddenly
him about his family.
My sister is such a copy cat. First

a person who does the same
copy cat she bought the same car as me, and
thing as someone else
now she's applying to my school.
I sleep in the basement during the

dog days very hot days
dog days of August.
dropping like My roses are dropping like flies in

dying/giving up quickly
flies this early frost.
Ever since he got his new drill set

a person who is excited about
eager beaver my husband has been an eager
doing certain work
beaver around the house.
I knew something fishy was going

fishy odd, suspicious on when I saw all of my friends' cars
in my mom's driveway.
52
My teacher had a cow when she

get extremely upset (often over
have a cow realized nobody had done the
something minor)
homework.
hold your Hold your horses! I'll be done in the

wait and be patient
horses washroom in a minute.
Holy cow! I can't believe you ate

holy cow! Wow, I'm surprised!
everything on your plate.
If you're going to horse around,

horse around play roughly
please go outside.
get the lion's My aunt got the lion's share of the

get the greatest percentage
share inheritance.
I don't think Marsha is coming out

in the dog
in trouble with another person tonight. She's still in the dog house
house
for forgetting Aaron's birthday.
If you pick the groceries up when

kill two birds
you drop George off for his shift,
with one get two things done at once
you will kill two birds with one
stone
stone.
The gas station is kitty corner to the

kitty corner diagonal direction
library.
let the cat out Who let the cat out of the bag
reveal a secret
of the bag about the surprise party?
I heard something (usually

(a) little bird A little bird told me that you are
secretive or unknown) from
told me thinking of quitting your job.
someone (not named)
My grandma made a beeline for the

make a
go straight for something smoking room as soon as she got
beeline
off the airplane.
Our one-year-old is saying bad

monkey see, silly/unintelligent people tend to
words now. I told my husband,
monkey do copy each other's actions
"Monkey see, monkey do!"
We have a nest egg that we might

nest egg money saved for the future have to use if Jim goes on sick
leave.
53
I pigged out on pancakes so I don't

pig out eat a lot of something
have room for lunch.
raining cats I forgot my umbrella, and it was

raining heavily
and dogs raining cats and dogs.
fierce, competitive struggle for I'm ready to leave this rat race and
rat race
power, position etc retire in Mexico.
I asked my brothers not to tell my

parents that I went out, but I could
smell a rat begin to suspect trickery etc
smell a rat as soon as I opened the
door.
straight from I know Jenny is pregnant, because I

the horse's directly from the original source heard it straight from the horse's
mouth mouth.
If you really think you deserve a

take the bull face a challenge or danger
promotion, you'll have to take the
by the horns boldly
bull by the horns.
until the cows I could eat pizza and ice-cream until

for a very long time
come home the cows come home.
B. Body Idioms
Give me a minute to finish my

all ears fully listening work and then I'll be all ears to
hear about your project.
Today's the big game, eh? Break a

break a leg good-luck
leg!
My sister didn't get cold feet until

cold feet nervous just before a big event
she put her wedding gown on.
cost an arm and These cakes are delicious, but they

be very expensive
a leg cost an arm and a leg.
cry your heart I cried my heart out when my best

cry very hard
out friend moved away.
meet, stand up to unpleasant I stayed out all night. When I

face the music conseqences, for example eventually got home I had to face
criticism or punishment the music from my wife.
54
(my) flesh and I have to hire Mia. She's my own

relative
blood flesh and blood.
Thanks for listening to me

get something
tell someone your problems complain about my boss. I just
off one's chest
needed to get this off my chest.
give a hand, I can give you a hand when you

help (someone) do something
lend a hand move if you like.
have one's Amy has her head in the clouds if

be unaware or unrealistic about
head in the she thinks she's going to pass her
something
clouds exams without studying.
My brother is head over heels for

head over heels deeply in love
his new girlfriend.
The kids gave Anthony a head start

head start an earlier start in the bicycle race because he was
the youngest.
I was in over my head when I

in over one's taking on a task that you can't
agreed to babysit the triplets and
head handle
the dogs.
take care of, watch in order to I'll keep an eye on the dinner while
keep an eye on
protect you're on the phone.
keep one's chin Keep your chin up. I'm sure you'll
try to be cheerful
up make some friends soon.
learn by heart, I learned my multiplication tables

memorize
know by heart by heart in the fourth grade.
let one's hair Go to the cottage and let your hair

relax, have fun
down down this weekend.
Don't worry, I won't tell your

(my) lips are
promise to keep a secret mother how much you spent. My
sealed
lips are sealed.
makes my It makes my blood boil when

makes me very angry
blood boil people don't tie up their dogs.
I heard that they might be opening

neck of the
nearby location or region a post office in our neck of the
woods
woods soon.
55
My uncle's an old hand at car

(an) old hand an experienced person repair. He'll know what the
problem is.
My daughter wants a tatoo. I told

over my dead not unless I'm dead and can't
her she'd get one over my dead
body stop you
body.
The party organizers deserve a pat

pat on the back recognition or a thank-you
on the back for a job well done.
We don't know if the weather will

play something
do something without a plan be good enough for camping. We'll
by ear
have to play it by ear.
I was just pulling your leg. I'm not

pull one's leg joke or tease someone
really a police officer.
The rule of thumb is that the

rule of thumb basic rule (not always followed) students wear black pants and
white shirts.
The couple don't see eye to eye on

see eye to eye agree
how to train their pets.
(by the) skin of I passed my exam by the skin of my

just barely
one's teeth teeth.
help someone a lot, with I stuck my neck out for Bessie

stick your neck
possible bad consequences for when she was thrown out of her
out
oneself house.
I need three spoonfuls of sugar in

sweet tooth a love of sugar or sweet things
my tea. I have a sweet tooth.
thick in the I'm a bit thick in the head when it

not very intelligent
head comes to reading a map.
wash one's I'm washing my hands of Mary's

stop dealing with an issue or
hands of addiction. She is going to have to
problem
something get some professional help.
C. Colour Idioms
56
beet red dark red (usually to My sister's face turned beet red when
describe face) I caught her singing in front of a
mirror.
black and blue bruised and beaten We found the poor guy black and blue
near the train tracks.
black and white straight forward, very The rules we gave the kids were black
clear and white. No answering the phone or
the door.
black out faint I always black out at the sight of blood.
black sheep the odd or bad member My oldest brother was the black sheep
of the group in our family. He dropped out of
school at fifteen.
born with a silver born into a rich family Keiko hasn't worked a day in her life.
spoon in one's She was born with a silver spoon in her
mouth mouth.
catch red handed catch someone in the act The kids were caught red handed
of doing something stealing chocolate bars.
wrong or illegal
golden the perfect chance The models' conference was a golden

opportunity opportunity for me to sell my beauty
products.
grass is always you always want what I always wanted to go to university,

greener on the you don't have but now I wish I had time to get a job.
other side Grass is always greener on the other
side.
grey area, gray something without a Writing personal email in the office is a
area clear rule or answer grey area that needs to be discussed at
the next meeting.
the green light permission The builders were given the green light
to begin the tower.
green with envy very jealous I am green with envy over Julio's new
wardrobe.
(have a) green be skillful in the garden You can tell by her flower garden that
thumb Sheila has a green thumb.
57
have the blues be sad or depressed I always have the the blues during the
winter time.
in the dark unaware Antoine left his wife in the dark about
their honeymoon destination until
they got to the airport.
in the red in debt When we were in the red we almost

had to sell the house.
once in a blue very rarely We only go out for dinner once in a

moon blue moon.
out of the blue unexpectedly I got a phone call from a long lost
cousin out of the blue last week.
red tape official or bureaucratic There is still some red tape to deal
tasks with in terms of the inheritance.
red eye an airplane flight that I caught the red eye so that I would
takes off after midnight see the sunrise over the mountains.
roll out the red treat someone like When relatives come to town my
carpet royalty grandmother rolls out the red carpet.
rose coloured unrealistic view Paula imagines Hollywood with rose

glasses coloured glasses.
see red be very angry I saw red when that guy grabbed my
sister's purse.
tickled pink very pleased and My mom was tickled pink when my
appreciative father brought roses home for her.
true colours real self Suzanne doesn't show her true colours
when we have guests over.
white lie an innocent lie to protect We told Grandma that her cake was
another person's feelings delicious, which was actually a white
lie.
with flying colours with distinction I passed my road test with flying
colours.
Clothing Idioms
58
at the drop of a without needing any My Grandma will babysit for anyone
hat advance notice at the drop of a hat.
(have a) bee in something that is Milan has had a bee in his bonnet all
one's bonnet annoying someone day, but he won't tell me what's wrong.
below the belt beyond what is fair His comment about Manfred's
or socially acceptable handicap was below the belt.
bursting at the not fitting anymore I ate too much. I'm bursting at the
seams seams in these jeans.
caught with unprepared My students caught me with my

one's pants down pants down on Monday. I forgot about
the field trip.
(have a) card have a secret or I think Josh has a card up his sleeve
up one's sleeve reserve plan cause he wants me to wear a dress to the
fast-food restaurant.
buckle down work extra hard It's almost exam time, so I need to
buckle down this weekend.
burn a hole in money that one is Let's go to the mall after school.
one's pocket tempted to spend There's a hundred dollar bill burning a
hole in my pocket.
dress to kill, dress in nice or sexy My cousin was dressed to kill on her
dress to the nines clothes birthday.
fit like a glove fit perfectly (tight to Anita's prom dress fits me like a
one's body) glove.
fine-tooth in great detail, The police looked for fingerprints

comb extremely carefully with a fine-tooth comb.
fly by the seat do by instinct, not I had never taught art to kids before.
of one's pants by plan I had to fly by the seat of my pants.
handle with treat delicately Please handle my grandmother's tea

kid gloves set with kid gloves.
59
D. Food Idioms
apple of one's eye a person that is adored Baby Jessica is the apple of her
by someone father's eye.
(have a) bun in the be pregnant I don't think Jan will come to the bar
oven because she has a bun in the oven.
bad egg a person who is often in I don't want my little brother

trouble hanging around with the bad eggs
on the street.
big cheese very important person I thought I was just going to

(VIP) interview the secretary, but they let
me talk to the big cheese himself.
bread and butter necessities, the main Just explain the bread and butter of
thing your report. You don't have to go
into details.
bring home the earn the income My husband has had to bring home
bacon the bacon ever since I broke my leg.
(score) brownie things done or said that I scored brownie points with my
points make someone else like teacher by bringing her a cup of
you better coffee.
butter someone up be extra nice to someone We'll have to butter Angie up

(usually for selfish before we tell her the news about
reasons) the broken vase.
(have one's) cake want more than your fair Rick wants to have his cake and eat
and eat it too share or need it too. He wants to be single but he
doesn't want me to date anyone
else.
carrot top person with red or Simon is the first carrot top I've ever
orange hair gone out with.
cheesy silly I love reading cheesy romance

novels because I don't have to think.
cool as a cucumber very relaxed I thought I was afraid of flying, but I

was cool as a cucumber all the way
to England.
60
cream of the crop the best We hired the cream of the crop to
entertain us at the Christmas party.
(don't) cry over get upset over something The mirror is broken and we can't
spilled milk that has happened and fix it. There's no need to cry over
cannot be changed spilled milk.
cup of joe cup of coffee Let's stop for a cup of joe before we
head to work.
(not my) cup of tea something you enjoy Opera isn't exactly my cup of tea.
(usually used negatively)
egg someone on urge someone to do The gang tried to egg us on but we

something didn't want to fight.
freeze one's buns off be very cold I froze my buns off at the ice rink.
full of beans have a lot of (silly) energy The kids were full of beans after the
circus.
gravy train extremely good pay for The unionized grocers have been
minimal work enjoying the gravy train for twenty
years.
(have something) receive without working The professor's daughter had her
handed to someone for something college diploma handed to her on a
on a silver platter silver platter.
hard nut to crack difficult to understand Angelo is a hard nut to crack when
(often a person) something is bothering him like this.
hot potato a controversial or Choosing a location for our new

difficult subject store is a hot potato right now.
in a nutshell simply In a nutshell, I'm having a bad day.
nuts about like a lot I'm nuts about classical music these
something, someone days.
out to lunch crazy or mad Harry has been out to lunch ever
since he lost his job.
one smart cookie a very intelligent person Your daughter is one smart cookie.
She reads much higher than her
grade level.
61
peach fuzz small amount of hair Except for a bit of peach fuzz, the
growth baby came out bald.
piece of cake very easy The exam was a piece of cake.
put all of ones eggs rely on one single thing Even though I'm majoring in Art, I'm
in one basket taking a maths course because my
Dad says I shouldn't put all of my
eggs in one basket.
souped up made more powerful or The car was souped up with shiny
stylish rims and a loud stereo.
sell like hot cakes bought by many people The new Harry Potter books sold
like hot cakes.
spice things up make something more I wanted to spice things up in the

exciting office, so I bought some red and
gold paint.
spill the beans reveal the truth On Monday, I'm going to spill the
beans about my travel plans.
take something with don't consider something Take Mandy's advice with a pinch of
a pinch (grain) of salt 100% accurate salt. She doesn't always do her
research.
use your noodle use your brain You're going to have to really use
your noodle on this crossword
puzzle. It's an extra difficult one.
E. Geography and Weather Idioms
Andrea was on cloud nine when she

(on) cloud nine extremely happy
bought her new car.
I had to dig deep to find my old

dig deep look hard for information
report cards.
The clothes at the thrift shop are dirt

dirt cheap very inexpensive
cheap.
Lucile is really down to earth for a

down to earth natural or real (personality)
woman with so much money.
62
I can't talk to Nancy about my

fair-weather a person who is only a friend
boyfriend problems. She's only a
friend in good times
fair-weather friend.
The kids had a field day at the water

a field day a very enjoyable time
slide park.
My grades started going downhill

go downhill get progressively worse
when I got a part-time job.
continue in the same way as Nobody trained me at work. I just

go with the flow
others went with the flow.
I'm exhausted. I think I'll hit the hay

hit the hay go to sleep
early tonight.
It's getting late. We had better hit

hit the road leave
the road.
keep one's head have just enough money to It's hard to keep my head above
above water live water with all of these medical bills.
Who knows which way the wind will

know which way know how things will turn
blow? I just hope Jesse gets one of
the wind blows out
the jobs he's applied for.
make a mountain make a small problem seem The car only got a tiny dent. You're
out of a molehill big making a mountain out of a molehill.
The doctor said my heart is doing

out of the woods clear of danger better, but I'm not out of the woods
yet.
I knew I was over the hill when I

over the hill past middle age
started needing glasses to read.
Whenever I had a dance recital, my

rain on someone ruin somebody else's
older brother always rained on my
else's parade happiness
parade.
They didn't bother inviting Charles

a loner or person who won't
stick-in-the-mud to the party because he's alway a
join in
stick-in-the-mud.
(as) quick as Wow! Your shower was as quick as

very fast
lightning lightning.
63
the tip of the a small part of a large The lost tickets were just the tip of
iceberg problem the iceberg.
I'd love to go out for dinner, but can

take a raincheck accept at a later date
I take a raincheck?
under the I was feeling under the weather so I

ill
weather went back to bed.
If my Dad finds out I had a party I'll

up the creek in trouble
be up the creek.
The skiier in the green coat won by a

win by a landslide win by a lot of points
landslide.
overhear something about

(get) wind of My Dad has a new girlfriend. I got
someone or something
something wind of it over dinner tonight.
(often gossip)
F. Phrasal Verbs List
Verb Meaning Example
Brian asked Judy out to

ask someone out invite on a date
dinner and a movie.
I asked around but

ask many people the
ask around nobody has seen my
same question
wallet.
Your purchases add up to

add up to something equal
$205.32.
You'll have to back up

back something up reverse your car so that I can get
out.
My wife backed me up
back someone up support over my decision to quit
my job.
The racing car blew up

blow up explode after it crashed into the
fence.
64
We have to blow 50
blow something up add air
balloons up for the party.
Our car broke down at the

stop functioning
break down side of the highway in the
(vehicle, machine)
snowstorm.
The woman broke down

break down get upset when the police told her
that her son had died.
Our teacher broke the

divide into smaller
break something down final project down into
parts
three separate parts.
force entry to a Somebody broke in last

break in
building night and stole our stereo.
The firemen had to break

break into something enter forcibly into the room to rescue
the children.
wear something a
I need to break these
few times so that it
break something in shoes in before we run
doesn't look/feel
next week.
new
The TV station broke in to

break in interrupt report the news of the
president's death.
My boyfriend and I broke

break up end a relationship up before I moved to
America.
The kids just broke up as

start laughing
break up soon as the clown started
(informal)
talking.
The prisoners broke out of

break out escape jail when the guards
weren't looking.
develop a skin I broke out in a rash after

break out in something
condition our camping trip.
This sad music is bringing

bring someone down make unhappy
me down.
65
My grandparents brought
bring someone up raise a child me up after my parents
died.
My mother walks out of

start talking about a
bring something up the room when my father
subject
brings up sports.
He drank so much that he

bring something up vomit brought his dinner up in
the toilet.
phone many We called around but we

call around different weren't able to find the
places/people car part we needed.
I called the company back

call someone back return a phone call but the offices were
closed for the weekend.
Jason called the wedding

call something off cancel off because he wasn't in
love with his fiancé.
ask for an answer or The professor called on

call on someone
opinion me for question 1.
We called on you last

call on someone visit someone night but you weren't
home.
Give me your phone

call someone up phone number and I will call you
up when we are in town.
You are still mad. You

relax after being
calm down need to calm down before
angry
you drive the car.
I don't care for his

not care for someone/something not like (formal)
behaviour.
get to the same You'll have to run faster

catch up point as someone than that if you want to
else catch up with Marty.
arrive and register We will get the hotel keys

check in
at a hotel or airport when we check in.
66
You have to check out of

check out leave a hotel the hotel before 11:00
AM.
look at carefully, The company checks out

check someone/something out
investigate all new employees.
Check out the crazy hair

check out someone/something look at (informal)
on that guy!
She cheered up when she

cheer up become happier
heard the good news.
I brought you some

cheer someone up make happier
flowers to cheer you up.
If everyone chips in we
chip in help can get the kitchen
painted by noon.
Please clean up your

clean something up tidy, clean bedroom before you go
outside.
I came across these old

come across something find unexpectedly photos when I was tidying
the closet.
The top and bottom come

come apart separate apart if you pull hard
enough.
My nephew came down

come down with something become sick with chicken pox this
weekend.
The woman came forward

volunteer for a task
come forward with her husband's finger
or to give evidence
prints.
The art of origami comes

come from somewhere originate in
from Asia.
I am counting on you to
count on someone/something rely on make dinner while I am
out.
67
Please cross out your old

cross something out draw a line through address and write your
new one.
My doctor wants me to
cut back on something consume less cut back on sweets and
fatty foods.
We had to cut the old tree

make something fall
cut something down in our yard down after the
to the ground
storm.
Your father cut in while I

cut in interrupt was dancing with your
uncle.
pull in too closely in

The bus driver got angry
cut in front of another
when that car cut in.
vehicle
start operating (of The air conditioner cuts in

cut in an engine or when the temperature
electrical device) gets to 22ºC.
The doctors cut off his leg

remove with
cut something off because it was severely
something sharp
injured.
The phone company cut

cut something off stop providing off our phone because we
didn't pay the bill.
My grandparents cut my
cut someone off take out of a will father off when he
remarried.
remove part of
something (usually I cut this ad out of the
cut something out
with scissors and newspaper.
paper)
He's lucky to be alive. His

beat up, ransack
do someone/something over shop was done over by a
(Br.E., informal)
street gang.
My teacher wants me to
do something over do again (N.Amer.) do my essay over because
she doesn't like my topic.
68
It's time to do away with

do away with something discard all of these old tax
records.
Do your coat up before

do something up fasten, close you go outside. It's
snowing!
It's a fancy restaurant so

dress up wear nice clothing
we have to dress up.
Andrea dropped back to

move back in a
drop back third place when she fell
position/group
off her bike.
I might drop in/by/over

come without an
drop in/by/over for tea some time this
appointment
week.
take
I have to drop my sister
someone/something
drop someone/something off off at work before I come
somewhere and
over.
leave them/it there
I dropped out of Science

quit a class, school
drop out because it was too
etc
difficult.
I don't feel like cooking

eat out eat at a restaurant
tonight. Let's eat out.
We ended up renting a
eventually
end up movie instead of going to
reach/do/decide
the theatre.
My new dress fell apart in

fall apart break into pieces
the washing machine.
The picture that you hung

fall down fall to the ground up last night fell down this
morning.
separate from an The money must have

fall out
interior fallen out of my pocket.
(of hair, teeth)

His hair started to fall out
fall out become loose and
when he was only 35.
unattached
69
I need to figure out how

understand, find the
figure something out to fit the piano and the
answer
bookshelf in this room.
Please fill in the form with

to write information
fill something in your name, address, and
in blanks (Br.E.)
phone number.
to write information The form must be filled

fill something out
in blanks (N.Amer.) out in capital letters.
I always fill the water jug

fill something up fill to the top
up when it is empty.
We don't know where he

find out discover lives. How can we find
out?
We tried to keep the time

find something out discover of the party a secret, but
Samantha found it out.
I tried to get my point

communicate, make
get something across/over across/over to the judge
understandable
but she wouldn't listen.
I was surprised how well

get along/on like each other my new girlfriend and my
sister got along/on.
My grandfather can get

get around have mobility around fine in his new
wheelchair.
We worked so hard this

get away go on a vacation year that we had to get
away for a week.
Jason always gets away

do without being
get away with something with cheating in his maths
noticed or punished
tests.
We got back from our

get back return
vacation last week.
Liz finally got her Science

receive something
get something back notes back from my
you had before
room-mate.
70
My sister got back at me

retaliate, take
get back at someone for stealing her shoes. She
revenge
stole my favourite hat.
become interested I finally got back into my

get back into something
in something again novel and finished it.
We're going to freeze out

get on something step onto a vehicle here if you don't let us get
on the bus.
recover from an
I just got over the flu and
get over something illness, loss,
now my sister has it.
difficulty
The company will have to

overcome a
get over something close if it can't get over
problem
the new regulations.
finally find time to I don't know when I am

do (N.Amer.: get going to get round to
get round to something
around to writing the thank you
something) cards.
meet (usually for Let's get together for a

get together
social reasons) BBQ this weekend.
I got up early today to

get up get out of bed
study for my exam.
You should get up and

get up stand give the elderly man your
seat.
reveal hidden
His wife gave him away to
give someone away information about
the police.
someone
take the bride to the My father gave me away

give someone away
altar at my wedding.
My little sister gave the

give something away ruin a secret surprise party away by
accident.
give something to The library was giving

give something away
someone for free away old books on Friday.
71
I have to give these skates

return a borrowed
give something back back to Franz before his
item
hockey game.
My boyfriend didn't want

reluctantly stop
give in to go to the ballet, but he
fighting or arguing
finally gave in.
They were giving out free

give to many people
give something out perfume samples at the
(usually at no cost)
department store.
I am giving up smoking as
give something up quit a habit
of January 1st.
My maths homework was

give up stop trying
too difficult so I gave up.
My brother tried to go
go after someone follow someone
after the thief in his car.
I went after my dream

try to achieve
go after something and now I am a published
something
writer.
We are going against the

go against someone compete, oppose best soccer team in the
city tonight.
Please go ahead and eat

go ahead start, proceed
before the food gets cold.
I have to go back home

go back return to a place
and get my lunch.
leave home to go on We're going out for

go out
a social event dinner tonight.
Jesse has been going out

go out with someone date with Luke since they met
last winter.
Please go over your

go over something review answers before you
submit your test.
72
I haven't seen Tina for a

visit someone
go over long time. I think I'll go
nearby
over for an hour or two.
When I was young, we

suffer lack or
go without something went without winter
deprivation
boots.
My best friend and I grew

stop being friends
grow apart apart after she changed
over time
schools.
My roses grew back this

grow back regrow
summer.
When Jack grows up he

grow up become an adult
wants to be a fireman.
Elizabeth needs a new

pair of shoes because she
grow out of something get too big for
has grown out of her old
ones.
This bike is too big for him

grow big enough to
grow into something now, but he should grow
fit
into it by next year.
I handed my old comic

give something used
hand something down books down to my little
to someone else
cousin.
I have to hand in my essay

hand something in submit
by Friday.
to distribute to a We will hand out the

hand something out
group of people invitations at the door.
The police asked the man

give (usually
hand something over to hand over his wallet
unwillingly)
and his weapons.
stay positive Hang in there. I'm sure

hang in
(N.Amer., informal) you'll find a job very soon.
wait a short time Hang on while I grab my

hang on
(informal) coat and shoes!
73
Instead of going to the

spend time relaxing
hang out party we are just going to
(informal)
hang out at my place.
He didn't say goodbye

hang up end a phone call
before he hung up.
I had to hold my dog back

prevent from
hold someone/something back because there was a cat in
doing/going
the park.
Jamie held back his tears

hold something back hide an emotion at his grandfather's
funeral.
Please hold on while I

hold on wait a short time transfer you to the Sales
Department.
Hold onto your hat

hold firmly using
hold onto someone/something because it's very windy
your hands or arms
outside.
A man in a black mask

hold someone/somethingup rob held the bank up this
morning.
Keep on stirring until the

keep on doing something continue doing
liquid comes to a boil.
We kept our relationship

keep something from someone not tell from our parents for two
years.
Try to keep the wet dog

keep someone/something out stop from entering
out of the living room.
If you keep those results

continue at the
keep something up up you will get into a
same rate
great college.
I need you to be on time.

fail to support or
let someone down Don't let me down this
help, disappoint
time.
Can you let the cat in

let someone in allow to enter
before you go to school?
74
I have to look after my

look after someone/something take care of
sick grandmother.
Ever since we stole that

think less of,
look down on someone chocolate bar your dad
consider inferior
has looked down on me.
I'm looking for a red dress

look for someone/something try to find
for the wedding.
be excited about the I'm looking forward to the

look forward to something
future Christmas break.
We are going to look into

look into something investigate the price of snowboards
today.
be careful, vigilant, Look out! That car's going

look out
and take notice to hit you!
Don't forget to look out

be especially vigilant
look out for someone/something for snakes on the hiking
for
trail.
Can you look over my

look something over check, examine essay for spelling
mistakes?
search and find

We can look her phone
information in a
look something up number up on the
reference book or
Internet.
database
have a lot of respect My little sister has always

look up to someone
for looked up to me.
Josie made up a story

invent, lie about
make something up about about why we were
something
late.
We were angry last night,

make up forgive each other but we made up at
breakfast.
My sisters made me up
make someone up apply cosmetics to
for my graduation party.
75
confuse two or I mixed up the twins'

mix something up
more things names again!
His uncle passed away last

pass away die
night after a long illness.
It was so hot in the church

pass out faint that an elderly lady
passed out.
The professor passed the

give the same thing
pass something out textbooks out before
to many people
class.
I passed up the job

decline (usually
pass something up because I am afraid of
something good)
change.
Thanks for buying my

pay someone back return owed money ticket. I'll pay you back on
Friday.
be punished for That bully will pay for

pay for something doing something being mean to my little
bad brother.
I picked out three

pick something out choose
sweaters for you to try on.
indicate with your I'll point my boyfriend out

point someone/something out
finger when he runs by.
put what you are You can put the groceries

put something down holding on a surface down on the kitchen
or floor counter.
The students put the

insult, make substitute teacher down
put someone down
someone feel stupid because his pants were
too short.
We are putting off our trip

put something off postpone until January because of
the hurricane.
The neighbours put the

put something out extinguish fire out before the
firemen arrived.
76
I have to put the crib

put something together assemble together before the baby
arrives.
I don't think I can put up

put up with someone/something tolerate with three small children
in the car.
put Don't forget to put on

put something on clothing/accessories your new earrings for the
on your body party.
I ran into an old school-

run into someone/something meet unexpectedly
friend at the mall.
I accidentally ran over

drive a vehicle over
run over someone/something your bicycle in the
a person or thing
driveway.
Let's run over/through

run over/through something rehearse, review these lines one more time
before the show.
The child ran away from

leave unexpectedly,
run away home and has been
escape
missing for three days.
We ran out of shampoo

run out have none left so I had to wash my hair
with soap.
My letter got sent back to

return (usually by
send something back me because I used the
mail)
wrong stamp.
Our boss set a meeting up

set something up arrange, organize with the president of the
company.
The police set up the car

set someone up trick, trap thief by using a hidden
camera.
I want to shop around a

shop around compare prices little before I decide on
these boots.
77
act extra special for

He always shows off on
show off people watching
his skateboard
(usually boastfully)
You should sleep over

stay somewhere for
sleep over tonight if the weather is
the night (informal)
too bad to drive home.
We need to sort the bills

organize, resolve a
sort something out out before the first of the
problem
month.
continue doing
something, limit You will lose weight if you
stick to something
yourself to one stick to the diet.
particular thing
stop the energy The light's too bright.

switch something off
flow, turn off Could you switch it off.
We heard the news as

start the energy
switch something on soon as we switched on
flow, turn on
the car radio.
resemble a family I take after my mother.

take after someone
member We are both impatient.
He took the car brakes

purposely break into
take something apart apart and found the
pieces
problem.
I have to take our new TV

take something back return an item back because it doesn't
work.
My plane takes off in five

take off start to fly
minutes.
Take off your socks and

remove something
take something off shoes and come in the
(usually clothing)
lake!
remove from a place Can you take the garbage

take something out
or thing out to the street for me?
pay for someone to My grandparents took us

take someone out go somewhere with out for dinner and a
you movie.
78
I tore up my ex-
tear something up rip into pieces boyfriend's letters and
gave them back to him.
When I think back on my

remember (often +
think back youth, I wish I had studied
to, sometimes + on)
harder.
I'll have to think this job

think something over consider offer over before I make
my final decision.
We threw our old

throw something away dispose of furniture away when we
won the lottery.
decrease the
Please turn the TV down
turn something down volume or strength
while the guests are here.
(heat, light etc)
I turned the job down

turn something down refuse because I don't want to
move.
Your mother wants you to

stop the energy
turn something off turn the TV off and come
flow, switch off
for dinner.
start the energy, It's too dark in here. Let's

turn something on
switch on turn some lights on.
increase the volume Can you turn the music

turn something up or strength (heat, up? This is my favourite
light etc) song.
Our cat turned up after

turn up appear suddenly we put posters up all over
the neighbourhood.
I'm going to try these

try something on sample clothing jeans on, but I don't think
they will fit.
I am going to try this new

try something out test
brand of detergent out.
79
The kids used all of the

use something up finish the supply toothpaste up so we need
to buy some more.
We have to wake up early

wake up stop sleeping
for work on Monday.
You can warm your feet

increase the
warm someone/something up up in front of the
temperature
fireplace.
I always warm up by doing

prepare body for
warm up sit-ups before I go for a
exercise
run.
Most of my make-up wore

wear off fade away off before I got to the
party.
I work out at the gym

work out exercise
three times a week.
work out be successful Our plan worked out fine.
We have to work out the

work something out make a calculation total cost before we buy
the house.
80

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Interpretive Reading for University Student

Table of Contents ............................................................................................... 3

Chapter 1 Short Story ........................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2 Poetry ................................................................................................ 14

Chapter 3 The Oratorical Speech ........................................................................ 22

Chapter 4 The Monodrama .................................................................................. 31

Chapter 5 The Play.............................................................................................. 37

Appendix 1 Cinderella Play Script ....................................................................... 44

Appendix 2 Sangkuriang Play Script ................................................................... 48

Appendix 3 Vocabulary Enhancement ................................................................ 52

1.1. Selecting a story

CHAPTER ONE: SHORT STORY

Interpretive reading is the effective communication of thoughts and or feelings of an

1.1. SELECTING A STORY

Rara Jongrang: The Legend of Prambanan Temple

EVALUATION GUIDE: SHORT STORY

1. Was the theme understandable and the storyline clear?

Interpretive Reading Evaluation: SHORT STORY

Selection of Selection is Selection could be more Selection is Selection is

Reading Poetry Aloud

2.1. Finding the Meaning

2.1. FINDING THE MEANING

I met a travelet from an antique land

"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:

Here is another sample of poetry that is written by Indonesian Author.

The Love Song of Saut Speedy Gonzales

2.2. READING POETRY ALOUD

EVALUATION GUIDE: POETRY

Interpretive Reading Evaluation: POETRY

Appearanc language or mannerisms are appearance contribute mannerisms are

Reading the Oratorical Speech

3.1. Basic Speech Structure

CHAPTER 3 THE ORATORICAL SPEECH

READING A SPEECH TEXT

3.1. BASIC SPEECH STRUCTURE

A good example of a famous speech is Lincoln's "Second Inaugural Address'.'

SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS

The second one is from Andrew Dlugan, as follows:

When is it okay to read a speech?

§ You are speaking at a highly formal occasion (e.g. a commencement speech)

§ A speechwriter has written your speech.

The drawbacks of reading from a script

Negative effects of reading include:

Creating the best printed speech

What can you do with your body?

EVALUATION GUIDE: ORATORICAL SPEECH

Interpretive Reading Evaluation: ORATORICAL SPEECH

Selection of Selection is Selection could be more Selection is Selection is

Reading inappropriate for challenging for appropriate for challenging for

Appearanc language or mannerisms are appearance mannerisms are

Reading Monodrama Text

4.1. Almost an Actor

CHAPTER 4 THE MONODRAMA

READING A MONODRAMA TEXT

3.1. ALMOST AN ACTOR

3.2. KNOW THE CHARACTER

EVALUATION GUIDE : MONODRAMA

1. Was the character clearly defined by the speaker?

Interpretive Reading Evaluation: MONODRAMA

Selection of Selection is Selection could be more Selection is Selection is

5.1. Adapting the Material

CHAPTER 5 THE PLAY

5.1. ADAPTING THE MATERIAL

EVALUATION GUIDE: THE PLAY