Combinational Logic Exercises

Ex1.
(a) 11010112 = 1.26 + 1.25 + 0.24 + 1.23 + 0.22 + 1.21 + 1.20
= 107 10
(b) 101101112 = 1.27 + 0.26 + 1.25 + 1.24 + 0.23 + 1.22 + 1.21 + 1.20
= 183 10
(c) 10100.11012 = 1.24 + 0.23 + 1.22 + 0.21 + 0.20 + 1.2-1 + 1.2-2 + 0.2-3 + 1.2-4
= 20.8125 10
(d) 20910 = ?2

dividend divisor quotient remainder

209 2 104 1
104 2 52 0
52 2 26 0
26 2 13 0
13 2 6 1
6 2 3 0
3 2 1 1
1 2 0 1
0 → Stop
⇒ 20910 = 110100012
(e) 123.3310 = ?2
123.3310 = 12310 + 0.3310

dividend divisor quotient remainder

123 2 61 1
61 2 30 1
30 2 15 0
15 2 7 1
7 2 3 1
3 2 1 1
1 2 0 1
0 → Stop
⇒ 12310 = 11110112

0.33 x 2 = 0.66 , natural parts = 0

 0.66 x 2 = 1.32, natural parts = 1
0.32 x 2 = 0.64, natural parts = 0
0.64 x 2 = 1.28, natural parts = 1
0.28 x 2 = 0.56, natural parts = 0
………………………………………………………………

So, 123.3310 = (1111011.01010….)2

Ex2.
(a) 25 = 24 + 23 + 20
= 0001 1001
2’s complement = 1110 0111
(b) 120 = 26 + 25 + 24 + 23
= 0111 1000
2’s complement = 1000 1000
(c) 82 = 26 + 24 + 21
= 0101 0010
2’s complement = 1010 1110
(d) 42 = 25 + 23 + 21
= 0010 1010
⇒ -42 = 2’s complement = 1101 0110
(e) 6 = 22 + 21
= 0000 0110
⇒ -6 = 2’s complement = 1111 1010

(f) 111 = 26 + 25 + 23 + 22 + 21 + 20
= 0110 1111
⇒ -111 = 2’s complement = 1001 0001

Ex3.
(a)F = W·X·Y·Z(Ẃ ·X·Y·Z+W· X́ ·Y·Z+W·X·Ý ·Z+W·X·Y· Ź )
=0

(b) F = A·B + A·B·Ć ·D + A·B·D· É + Á ·B·Ć ·E + Á · B́·Ć ·E

= A·B (1+ Ć ·D + D· É ) + Á ·Ć ·E (B + B́)
= A·B + Á ·Ć ·E
(c) F = M·R·P + Q·Ó · Ŕ + M·N + O·N·M + Q·P·M·Ó
= M·R·P + Q·Ó · Ŕ + M·N + Q·P·M·Ó
Ex4.
(a) F = X́ ·Y + X́ ·Ý ·Z
Truth table:

x y z F(x,y,z)
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
(b) F = Ẃ ·X + Ý · Ź + X́ ·Z
Truth table:

w x y z F(w,x,y,z)
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0

(c) F = Ẃ ·X + W·(Ý + Z)
Truth table:
 w x y z F(w,x,y,z)
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
(d) F = A· B́+ B́·C + C· D́ + C· Á
Truth table:
A B C D F(A,B,C,D)
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0
(e) F = V·Ẃ + X·Ý ·Z
Truth table:
 V W X Y Z F(V,W,X,Y,Z)
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0

(f) F = ( Á + B́·C·D) · ( B́ + Ć + D· É )
Truth table:

A B C D E F(A,B,C,D,E)
 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0

´ ·( X́ + Ý )
(g) F = W·Z
Truth table:
W X Y Z F(W,X,Y,Z)
0 0 0 0 1
 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
(h) Truth table:
A B C D F(A,B,C,D)
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0

(i) F = ( Á + B + Ć ) · ( Á + B́ + D) · (B + C + D́ ) · (A + B + C + D)
Truth table:
A B C D F(A,B,C,D)
 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
Ex5.
(a) F=∑
X,Y
(1,2)

= x́ ·y + x· ý

(b) F=∏
A, B
(0,1,2)

= (a+b) · (a+b́ ) · (á +b)

= a·a·á +a·a·b+a·á · b́+a·b·b́ +a·á ·b+a·b·b+á ·b·b́ +b·b·b́
= a·b

(c) F= A∑
, B, C
(1,2,5,6)

= á · b́·c+á ·b·ć +a·b́ ·c+a·b·ć

= b́ ·c· (a+á )+b·ć (a+á )
= b́ ·c + b·ć

(d) F=W∏
, X ,Y
(0,2,3,6,7)

= (x+y+z) · (x+ ý +z) · (x+ ý + ź ) · ( x́ + ý +z) · ( x́ + ý + ź )

Use K-map:
0 0 0
0 0
⇒ F = (x+y+z)· ý = x· ý +z· ý

(e) F = X́ +Y·Z
 (f) F = V+W ´· X́
= V + Ẃ + X
Ex6.
(a) F=W ,∑
X ,Y , Z
(1,4,5,6,7,9,14,15)

K-map:
00 01 11 10
00 1
01 1 1 1 1
11 1 1
10 1
⟹ F = Ẃ X+ X́ Ý Z+XY

(b) F=W ,∑
X ,Y , Z
( 0,1,6,7,8,9,14,15)

K-map:
00 01 11 10
00 1 1
01 1 1
11 1 1
10 1 1
⟹ F = XY + X́ Ý

(c) F= A , ∑
B, C , D
( 4,5,6,13,15)

K-map:
00 01 11 10
00
01 1 1 1
11 1 1
10
⟹ F = Á B D́ +BĆ D+ABD

(d) F= A , ∑
B, C , D
(4,5,6,11,13,14,15)

K-map:
 00 01 11 10
00
01 1 1 1
11 1 1 1
10 1
⟹ F = Á BĆ +ABD+ACD+BC D́

Ex7.
P<Q
⟹ P2 < Q 2

P2 = Q 2 ; P 1 < Q 1
P2 = Q 2 ; P 1 = Q 1 ; P 0 < Q 0
⟹ Output = Á2 B 2+ ( Á 2 B́2 + A2 B 2 ) Á 1 B1 +( Á 2 B́2+ A 2 B2 )( Á 1 B́1 + A1 B 1)( Á0 B0)

Ex8.
 F = X́ Ý + X́ Ź
G = X́ Ý Z + X Ź
H = X́ Ý + Ź

Ex9.
(a)
Equation NXOR: Z = X́ Ý +X·Y = X́ Ý +X·Y+X X́ +YÝ = ( X́ +Y)(X+Ý )
´ +´ X +
= X́ +Y ´ Ý

(b) 1-bit comparator : Y1 = X́ Y = X́ Y + X X́ = X́ (X+Y) = X + X´ ´+Y

Y2 = XÝ = XÝ + YÝ = Y + X´ +Y
´

´ +´ X +
Y3 = X́ Ý + XY = X́ +Y ´ X Ý
´ Ý = X́ Y +
Ex10.
Truth table:
D C B A a b c d e f g
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

a = Á Ć+ AC + B Ć+ D
b = Á B́+ AB+ Ć + D
c = A+ B́+C+ D
d = Á B+ Á Ć+ B Ć+ A B́ C+CD
e = Á B́ Ć D́+ A B́ D+ Á BC D́
f = Á B́+ Á C+ B́ C+ D
g = B Ć + Á C+ B́ C+ D