1.

The court looked into the situation "Shulof "shall stand surety as for his own
debt," according to the "Conditions of Sale." If he bids on behalf of another
person, he is jointly and severally responsible for the purchase with that
person." Finnish law applied to the transaction.
In other words, by bidding in the auction, Shulof agreed to the terms of sale
and the transaction's application of Finnish law. According to the court,
since Finland had substantial contact with the transaction and held Shulof
individually (jointly and severally) responsible for the debt, this did not
breach New York regulation.

2. The court concentrated on the transaction's comprehensive connections with

Finland. The plaintiff was a Finnish resident, the sale, payment, and delivery
all took place in Finland, and Shulof was a sophisticated businessperson who
voluntarily traveled to Finland to participate in the auction.

3. Fundamentals of Public Policy is an introductory course that looks at

policymaking as a problem-solving and political mechanism. The parties'
preference of law provision is not always respected by the courts. It's vital to
know ahead of time whether or not a choice-of-law clause would be applied
so that the contract can be written accordingly.