Self-driving cars Essay

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Post author:Jhon Smith

Post published:February 24, 2021

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Introduction of Self-driving cars

Self-driving cars are autonomous vehicles that are capable of sensing the environment
and moving safely. Self-driving cars have sensors for perceiving the surroundings like
radar, GPS, lidar, and measurement units. It carries advanced technology with sensors
and it also identifies the navigation paths. Self-driving cars are safer than human drivers
and self-driving cars are attentive and braking system capabilities use to full in the
accident scene. Artificial intelligence made the leap steps towards the practical application
of different domains that include intelligent transportation. Self-driving cars are the
game-changer. The promise of cars comes with a lot of significant advantages for society
and for every individual. Human errors are the causes of vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars
bear the promise to reduce accidents through taking human factors. The ethics program
in the self-driving cars that are on the high interest and impact of the ethic on acceptance
of these cars. In the scope of the unavoidable accidents, a question post in the study, what
is the effect of different ethical frameworks that govern autonomous car decision-making
on the acceptance?

Figuring out how to make an ethical self-driving car is the thorniest challenge in artificial
intelligence. Acceptance of this autonomous machine is the major issue that decides the
success. Research devoted to qualitative aspects to pertain to the challenges and benefits.
Some research also focused on the explicit ethics of cars and the impact on acceptance.
Self-driving motors reveal that moral choices are not universal.

The proposal in this mechanical assignment help is on ethics to design self-driving cars to
balance the safety of other pedestrians with the interests of the car’s passengers. The
safety issue is very necessary not only for self-driving cars but also for the other cars on
the road. The ethical thought about self-driving motors focused on the tragic dilemmas
such as hypotheticals by which a car decides to run over a group of schoolchildren and
plunge off the cliff by killing its occupants. Self-driving cars make ethical judgments as to
when the driver slams on the brakes for avoiding hitting pedestrians by crossing the road
illegally.

Ethical framework
Ethics is the branch of philosophy and multiple ethical frameworks are proposed in this
study. The ethical frameworks represented as Deontology, Utilitarianism, Pluralism, and
Absolutism.

It is the normative ethical framework that considers the best action which maximizes the
function through considering negative and positive choices to pertain to the decision. The
introduction of the function calculates pleasure and pain that referred to hedonic calculus
and guide the decision-making. In this decision take to prevent the function and make
action plans that are good to provide safety of the cars.

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Deontology is the ethical framework that considers the rules which have absolute quality.
It rejects that matters are consequences of the action and focus on what matters a lot.
Deontology criticized as prioritizes the right over a good. The programs that crash the
algorithms of the self-driving cars are usually based on the deontological system to justify
the criminal cases (Nees, 2016).

Ethical relativism is the meta-ethical framework that argued the values, approaches, and
norms. It emerges that there is a range of the practice which consider morally acceptable
in societies. In the framework of the study, it is proposed that the practices of societies
over the issue also judged by moral standards. Ethical relativism also argues that ethics
are bound to culture and time that lead to the acceptance of the practices and values.
Ethical relativism brings the issues of the differences between the moral aspects which
depend on time and culture (Karnouskos, 2018).

The ethical absolutist knows moral rules, practices, and beliefs. Ethical pluralism argues
the universal values that consider the single set that interpreted the practices and rules. It
goes beyond western tradition and it appears to spread the approach in the ethical
differences to utilize the global issues.

The ethical framework has an impact on the acceptance of self-driving cars. There are
safety issues of self-driving cars and causes accidents where death and life decision made
by it. Many satellite issues are present like if people can trust self0driing cars to make a
decision and if cars make a good decision then human drivers actually. Mandatory ethics
should be enforced on self-driving cars than individual ethics. Machine-related aspects
are the key issues with autonomous cars as there is a need for integrating the ethics in
decision-making algorithms of autonomous cars. This is challenging in death and life
dilemmas and experimental ethics impact the acceptance of self-driving cars and cause
risks and issues for the users (Xu, Chen, Shi, & Zhan, 2020).

Discussion
The manufactures of modern autonomous cars do not address any key issues pertaining
to the ethical aspects of the automated decision-making techniques of cars with some
initial efforts in the research community. It makes the link between the ethical framework

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and the acceptance of the self-driving car. The safety issues of cars include:

Self-driving cars getting confused by the unexpected situations

Autonomous cars security from hackers.
Difficulty in interacting with human-driven cars.
System security from the hackers.

People are accepting self-driving cars under the idealized conditions than the realistic
scenarios at the initial deployment of technology. Self-driving motors reduce the traffic on
the roads and offer safety. The maps of self-driving cars are difficult to create and
sometimes it creates issues and causes safety issues. Self-driving cars require complex
social interactions that are tough for the robots. The sensors and trackers can be affected
by the bad weather. The manufactures need to go through the ethical issues of the self-
driving car. The accidents risks are possible in these types of cars. The security risks of
hacking are dangerous as someone can trace the track to hack the vehicle. Automatic cars
can easily hack by hackers so their privacy and security are very important.

The question that comes; what needs to be done if people can’t find the satisfactory
ethical system obeyed by self-driving cars? People should avoid the use the self-driving
motors if it doesn’t satisfy them. The developers are verifying the issues and trying to
remove the issues and forming an ethical system of self-driving cars. If it seems to be
dangerous and causes serious damage and has many risks, then it should be banned
before the makers find the accurate solution to overcome the problems of manufacturing
self-driving cars. They need to make the right action plan by using ethical frameworks.

Conclusion
Self-driving cars are expected to be on the streets and make decisions in critical situations
which involve the death and life of people. The decision-making processes of machine-
driven have an ethical dimension that is not investigated to impact cars’ acceptance. The
ethical framework impacts the proposed data to overcome the issues. The issues of self-
driving car programming the ethical issues. Self-driving cars are not allowed to be on
roads until the research makes the possible ethical solution. The ethical framework
investigated in the study to have the effect on the self-driving car acceptance implies the
action for involved stakeholders to decide the factor of success or failure of the self-
driving cars.

References
Karnouskos, S. (2018). Self-Driving Car Acceptance and the Role of Ethics. IEEE
Transactions on Engineering Management .

Nees, M. (2016). Acceptance of Self-driving Motors: An Examination of Idealized versus

Realistic Portrayals with a Self- driving Car Acceptance Scale.

Xu, G., Chen, Y., Shi, Y., & Zhan, F. (2020). The Determinants behind the Acceptance of
Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Review. Sustainability.

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