0007 XOHHW «nvmiAdionom oMMDoHHULeLOA Bod AH «ghds xisnavossonndu w xiarsAdy WoHROHOWHAL 9 ynrhdionon xrreorxdars onnvaodHAdioHox 1 19n98q” Attarfeed ou @HQOOL SOHQIh K SAdL XISHWOTAOWBLE XIGIAdN EM Wid AMHVIOdHLNIOL aoravy7' Oya commi ap ay Ye rae N- pacuenioe yeune 8 crepante, Ry ~ pacnetuoe conpotusnenue craau mpH pacroxeHnn 1 oxaTin, HaguayeHHoe no npeaeny Texysecru; Yn ~ Xoo>UUHEHT HAReKHOCTH Mo HasHaYeHHio (anx GomUMMNCT- . Ba OOwexTOB MpomBIULIeHHOrO HasHaYeHHs 7, = 0,95); Ye ~ Koad uuserrr yenosuii paGorst (em. Ta6a. 1.1); ly ~ npu aymasoreckolt Harpyske oro HanGonbunas pacteTHas aun: » nocKocTH (1) sum 43 maocKocrH (/,) dbepMet, MPH crarHie- cKoli narpyske Jey ~ pacteTHas s1HHa 8 nocKocTa depwet (/,) (mpHt crawteckoit Harpy3ke rHOKocTe H3 TAOCKOCTH *PepMal He orpaxHaHBa- eres), Suaienna pacveTHbix 20H npuBerent B Taba. 1.2; Ang ~ UpeneabHaa raGKocre (em. Ta6a. 1.3), 3uas tpeGyenme niomaae m paztye mepuim, no copramerry (cm. npux. 2) npHnuMator tpy6y, niomanb ceveHHs H paqHyc HHEpLyEH KO- ‘Topol papier WM B HaMMCHBUIeH CreneHH MpeBsaloT Tpe6yemele suaenus, Tip 3Tom avamerpst noscitsix Tpy6 ¢ YeNbIO yMeHBIEHHA rHOKOCTH CeayeT MPHAUMATS HAOONBILHMH, a aHaMeTpL TpY6 aaa SmeMenTOB peuleTKH JOTKHE HaXOmHTECR B Mpeneax 0,33... aHAMeT- 4 Pa nloscusix Tpy6. Tonmmua creHoK Tpy6 Takxke OrpakHuBaeTca H He owed Gite Meneune 3 MM {LIA NOsCOB H OT[OpHEIX aneweHTOD peuieT- at # 2,5 Mm ~ ans ocrambimnix onementTos pemerkst. Kpome Toro, OTHO- enne auamerpa tpy6s x Toxmue ([7) ¢ uenbio obccreseKHa MecT- Holi ycrouHBocrH caeaycT MpHnMMaTs ne GombUIe BeAMaHH, MpHBC- nemmnx B Ta6a. 1.4. Ta6anya Ll Koodiunnerras yenoanit paborst de x ‘Smemesrrat H coeanstena Konerpyxuutit Ye 1 2 3 1 |Cxamie snewenra epm nepexpural nom sana, ITpHOyHaMH, lox MoMeMIeRHsMH marasHKOB, KHUTOXpa~ HIM, APXHBOB H TA. MpH Bece nepeKpsrTHii, pasHoM un: Somanest apemesiolt warpyaxe 09 [7 PPactanymie onenenrst dep» cwapmn roncrpymuan | 0,95 3 [lantern noacos tpy6narax depm uamerpom D mpal HammisnO pacuesrponkat crepe pewleTkH B yanax xcuespucerrerasat e > 0,1D (apa nposepke mpoxniocT i yorolispocra Gea yuera vornGai0uuix MOMesTOB) 4 [TpyOuarsie onemenra xKoNcTpyxumi! TOmMHHOH 1, fuMeiomue » Topnax caapsite npuxpenreuus spire (wranp) x apyrinw rpy6uaram aeranam Tonmusoll me-| nee 2f HH K THCTOBMIM feTanaM TORMUBIOH MeHee 41, 3a HcKMONeHHeM MpHKpentennit x nanUaM, HMeIO- uum ¢ mporupononoxaioli cropous coockioe mpuxper-| Tene Tpy6ol Hai NeEMpHpyOMIyIO MpoKIAIK 08 5 [Snemenrs pemeren (croiixa) Sechaconosmux Gepm, Inpuxpernenmux R yanax K ZByM apyrust aewewTa |pemersat (packocas), mmciomum paste sHaKn youn (puc.1.3, 2) 0385 6 |Cxaruie tpySuarste oaemenra avamerpom Dn rom Hoff, uerouve crizvomenmute KOU: 09fa) co ceoboanbim hopmuposannen nepexoanoro| yaaerxa OT Kpyraoro CeMeHHA K CrLMOULeHHOMy; 6) c mpunyarremsuem dopmuposannem nepe- Hxoamoro yuacrxa ¢ yetoxost 1:6 [Ceapniae coeaunierma TpyOsaTux Saewenron Gea Hoaknaaworo Konbua a) Bcreix (pyc. 1.4, ); TIPHMEYAHHA: 1. Koshapunmernis yonosuit paSorsi, yerauopxomauie sn. 217, 44 6 omHonpemerno, He yaurreeaiotea, 2. Koodo uunent yerosuii pabors:, ycraxosnennuill Bn. 6, He pac- MpOCTpaHAeTCA Ha KPerLACHHA COOTBETCTBYIOMUAX 3HeMEHTOB B YAK, 3. Koohdmunenrsr yenosnii paGorst, ycranosneausie 8 1. 4 4 6, npH Mponepxe ycroHMaBocTH cxATBIX CrepxKHeli He yaRTHIBalOTER, Ta6auua 12 Pacueraue anmust aaemenros Gecipaconounsix hep 3 KPYTABIX H MpaMoyromBHEIX TPyS Pacuermas amma RPOUHX 2AeMeHTOB PeMeTH, co chaiomenniMit Konami Hanpapaenue npo- ‘onopierx OmbHOrO H3rHGAa | Packocos W OnOpHBIX IB mockocta depw | 7 Ha maockocr pepyi| hh Oboanaverns: J reomerpwueckas arma snemenra (paccroanme Mexay WeHTpaMt yanon); 1 = pacctoaune Mexay yalamn, saxpenaenmainn oT cement 13 nockocTa hepmet (1018 HIBKHeTO Tosca / ~ paccTOomHHe Mey pac ‘DOKKAMH NO HiDKHEMy TIOscy ipepMBI; IA BepxsierO oaca fy ~ mar BepTHKAMbHEIX cBAREH MexkaY epMamel HTH PACcTOSHHE MORAY Y312- ‘Mat ropHooHTamIENX casseii no BepxuuM noacam ep). TIPHMEYAHMA: 1. Benn 5 npeaenax anmi [) Hopmansias cua HMceT HeOmHHaKo- noe awasenue (Nj H.N2), To pacueTHas amuHa onperenseres no dopmy- ne leg = «(0,75 + 0,25: No / Ny), rae Ni > Na, pacer pH 2TOM BBs nommxeres na cry Ni 2. Tas Gecrpororierx nOKpsrTHii pacueTHas UTHHa 9NEMeHTOB BEpXHe- To nosea 3 mpaqoyronsunax TPY6 onpenenseres 110 cpopmyne (2.2), Ta6anua 13 TIpeaenbunie ru6xocra pacrmnyruix aacsesos ep ia KpYTaeNX HW HpAMOYTORBETENS TYG Yenosna pa6ors hepm [@epwa noaeepraerca HerlocpeqcTBeHHOMy lpoaeHicTBHIO AMHAMHHeCKHX Harpy3OK 350 Snare oGopyzoBaHo MocTOBSIMH Kpava~ Ia taxesioro pexuma pa6orst (n> 2- 10°) TIPHMEYAHHS: 1, B KoHerpyxunax, He noanepraroutixca annamuecknm Boaneiicr BHAM, THGKOCTh PACTAHYTHIX SAEMEHTOB CHEAYET NPOBEPATS TOMBKO B BepTHKaTbHOHt TOCKOCTH (kK AKHAMHUCCKHM BO3ICHCTBHAM OTHOCSTCA HAIpy3KH, YaHTUBACMMNe ¢ KOO>DHUREHTOM AMNAMAMHOCTH HAE MPH pActeTax Ha BBIHOCTHBOCTS).. 2. n= KOMHHCCTEO HHKTOS Jarpy>xenus Gepmbi B TeNeHHe Bcero cpoxa oxcnayaraunn,Bo ncex ocrammux cayyasx npeaenbas ru6xocrb pacraHyTux ameentos pasiia 400. TpenembHste THOKOCTH CKATMIX S7EMEHTOB On- peaeamores no hopmyne B- 60a, rae B= 180 ara cxarux crepxtielt Tosicos onopHwix packocos u onopuBx croeK; B= 210 am ocranbHbix crepaelt peweren; a =N/ AR, 7, Ho we Menee 0,5. 1.1.2. Mox6op ceuenuit uerrpansno-coxarux crepxHelt TloaGop cesenuii uewrpamsuo-caaTsx crepxnieli epm ocymecTs- aera B Cieaylouleli MocalegoBaTeNbHOCTH. Buayaze onpezenseres auamerp spy6u. (12) Tae ler wanGombmas pacserHas anmwa (}, wan )); ZT — mpeaemnoe oTHomexe zMamerpa Tpy6si x Tonupme creHKH (npusmmactes no ta6n. 1.4), ®opmy.ra (1.2) spaseTe nozyosMupisieckoll, H nosTOMy sHaNeHHs semen N, Ry v le Heo6xoaumo nogcrasnsTs coorseterseuHo » MH, MMla xm. . Sate onpegenseres Tomuumna TPy6st = DUE. (13) Tlomo6paunioe taxum oGpasom ceveHHe apageTeR ONTHMATDHEM To pacxoay Merana i cayaHT opueHTHpOM MpH BEIGOpe paamcpos TpyOs crepxHs no copramerty (npHa. 2): anaMerp TonmHa Crenxn tpy6st, mpmusroii no coprameHTy, ZOMKHM HMeTS Mun MANIBHBIC OTKIOHEHHA OT COOTSETCTBYIOMHX BCAHUHH, MOTYSCHEEIX no opsey.tas (1,2) w (1.3), Tipu nasniavennn covenmit oxaTsix snemeHtos eps Mo copramesty ‘caeayeT PYKOBOACTBOBATECR TEMH 2ke TPeGORAHMAMH, HTO H ZIM pacTs- HYTHX snemeHTOB (eM. c. 4, 5). Tipunsras no copramenry spy6a nposepseres wa npeaembuyio rH6- ‘KocTS H Ha OBuLyIo yeroHuMBOCTS: N cate, (4) by ty; o= 1 Se eA In re 9, - Kosdibunmest nporomuoro HarH6a, onpenensenasit no op- ayzam 8,9,10 nnn no ra6s. 72, mpusenerm 3 [1]; i ~ paguye mepinti Ta6auna 14 Tipezeabiute orvouenns anamerpos Tpy6 x roamuntam creHox (JT) Tipexenbuoe oHoulenne zMaMeTpa ‘K TOMMMHE creHKH TpyOs JT HeMEHTOR PeUeTICA cexarix | _pacranryrens 40, 90 90 } 295 ); 2H, ~ xoodduunenr, nprHmwaenauit panos 1, ecm i. B mporan- HOM caysae, Te. npH i =/,2T0r oodybuunesrr onpexeaseres nto dopmyne 12 Pac. 1.1. Beobaconosmnze yams hepa 10 xPYTABX TY 13Pu.1.1 (oxorarne) Becipaconormnue yan eps ws KpyraLnx 1py6 14 17-M, Ny; Hy=a* rae 7g = 0,8 np parker 8 paccwarpusaeMoM mprokatonen anemenre H 7.4; = 1 ~ MpH cxaTHH; Nj Mj— npogonsuoe yee u waruBaiouuii MomesT » paccwarpi- BAeMOM MpHMEIKAIOUIEM S7IEMEHTE 8 MLNOCKOCTH GepMB B MECTE pH ‘Murxaniia 9roro 3aeMeHTa K noscHolt Tpy6e; di(d) ~ avanerps Tpy6 mpusasxaromex sneMenTos B Gonsunmncrse cnysiaes M;= 0, w Tora 1 = 0,8 npu pacruxextat yy = 1 npx oxaran; Gi — yrox Mexy ocbIO Nlosca H OcEMH npHMBIKarOMIHX 2neateHTOR pemerxst; Wi =105- Bj, ccm B; i> 0.7 , rae B;=4;/D; D- auamerp roscnoii 1py by ~ KoodypueHT smanix pacnonoxcHHs xaxa0re oneMeuTa pemerKn no orowrenmo x pacemarpunaemomy. [pu i=j ey = 1. Mpa PACHONOKCHHH CMeKHOTO H paccMarpHBaeMoro SueMeHTA © OHO ¢roponts nosca 2Tor KoodypuMeHT onpeaesseros no opMyne 0.7; yj =L0S-;-(1+0158;), ecm : (1.13) rae 5=D/t,; ty ~ Tommana crenKu noscHol tpy6o1; $y =06 mp ey $0; Sy =1-0.4-(1-ey/D)* mpu OD; Gy — HAHMeHDUIee paccTOREMe BOT’ OCH MOKca MEKAY cBapHsN mBaMH, NpHKpenauOUMMMM K riOscy paCcMaTpHBacmnlll H cMeaHbAlt ‘SeMEHTD! PeuIETKAH. Tips pacnonoxertis cmexnioro H pacemanpHBacMoro S7eMeHTOB ¢ pas- AIX CTOpOH nosca KosdypUBeHT Ey OTpestenseTes mo xpyrol opmyne 1s $yay =cos?| SH |) SiC +0026) , (aay 2D } | 145,46; +5,68} Tae gy~ paccrostHe BaoM OCH nosica MexIy GopTaMH paccMarpunaeMoro W cMextioro aeMeHTOB (eM. pu. I.1, a). 370 paccromHe MoxeT Gorrs “onpeseneHo Kak rpadyeck#, Tax H aHamHTHYecKH: (crea = BF sega, i= BP } ey : 2y — HaMMeHBUIee pACCTOSHHE BANS OCH Mosca OT HEHTpa yaa 10 ceapHoro uma. 7.pj ~ Xoopmment axaanas nporoAbHil cH B nose. TIpx pac- S(Fj/ ARP: F)~ nanGonsunee sHayeHne npozombHoit CHM B Tiosce oT «HocKa 10 TISTKH) PaCCMaTpHBaeMOrO MpHMBIKaIOUIcrO SneMeHTa (K HOCKOBOM 'NACTH OTHOGHTER MONOBHHA CeveHHIx PpacKOca Co CTOpoHH TyNOrO YFP k MaTOMHOH, CooTBETCTEEHHO, — CO CTOPOHbi OcTpOrO yrna); ~ A~nnoulae ceveHHs TIORCA. Paccroanus cy, gy, Zj JOMYCKAeTCA ONPEACHATe rpadHveckst., Xapaxrepncrxy wecymel cnocoOkocTa cre nosca S’MoxaO onpeaenurs no dopmyie ‘TwKCHHH py = 1. Tipw exarHn ypj =1- S=13(1+0026)-12 -Ry Ye, (1.15) TAC 7¢ ~ KoodpummcHT yerouit paGorsi, pasueiit 1 mp pacseTHoM co- npormpaenun Ry < 375 MITa 4 passa 0,9 mp R, > 375 MITa. Tipu pacuere onopusix yanos (em. puc. 1.2) s Kaectse nosca pac cMarpusacrcs SneMeHT, npunmiKalouutii K onOpHoMy peOpy nO Boemy KoHTTypy cuoero cevenus. 16 Puc1.2. Onoprase yanot bepacse xpyrmx Tpy6 17Eom 6 ysne 8 MecTe MpHMsixaxus paccmarpHsaemoro snemeHTa wweetca Haxnanka (CM. pac. 1.1, x), TO MpH onpereneHuH HecyInel crtocoBsocT# noscxoll Tpy6us (S) cneayer npH pactwkexuH B paccmar- PHBAeMOM 2NEMeHTe BMCCTO TOAMUMHB CTeHKH Tosca (fq) HCTIOMSI0BaTb TOMMIMHY HakqaZKH (f,) H MpHBeqeHHy10 TOAMHHY (fy), ecm paccmaT- pHBaeMblli snemenT cxaT, [IpHeezcHaa TORMMHa MpHHMMacTCA paB- HOH fer = max + 0,25tmin, FAC tmax — OOMUIAA H fin ~ MCHEIIAA H9 TON YAH fy H fy. Jnana waKTAgKH HasHaYaCTCA TaxKHM O6pas0M, HTOGM OHA sucrynana ita 40...50 mm 3a mpenenst yana, a B nonepedHom Hanpas- IICHHM HAKIAIKA AOWKHA OXBATEIBATS TOTOBHHY NepHMeTpa NoscHOl ‘pyOw. Tipa pacsere yana c waknamxolt uenomayeTes pacteTHoe co- MMpOTHBACHHE MeTanla HAKAAAKA, B cayuae ecnu paccmarpusacmatit 21¢MenT nepecexactox ¢ ApyrH- MH cTepaxnaMn pemernn (om. pxc. 1.1, a, €), TO cneayeT MpoH3BOAHTb KoppexTHposky YcumHii, nepena¥ouAXcs ¢ SAeMCHTOB peMeTKH Ha NOR 'B mecte Hx KouTaxra. [Tpu 3Tom npeanonaraercs, WTO KOHTaKT HMceT MeCTO TONIBKO B MECTAX NPHBapKH anemcHTa pemerKH K noxcy. [ha paccmarpupacmoro anemewta 8 dopmym (1.11), (1.12) smecro Ny +sina, cneayer NOACTABIETS MpHBEEHHOE YCHAHE Pag = Nj-sinat; +By -Ny-sina , (1.16) rae Ni — yous 8 crepcis, mepecexaioHXcs ¢ paccMaTpHBAeMBM 316- MeHTOM (yCHIHA TIOZCTABIIOTCS CO 3HAKOM (21) tne Ay— xoopepuumerrr, onpenenxemntit » sannicumocrH oT KaTera cBap- moro mipa, Baa CBAPKH, ANAMETpA CBApONHOH MPOBONOKH H TONORCHHA pu ceapxe (em. ra6n. 34 {1]). Fp pyssoit csapke fy~= 0,7; Jy AnHHa ceapHoro isa (BHeuMTHit nepuMeTp MpuMarKaNHA Tpy6U pemerke K Tpy6e nosca). ‘Touma ceapuoro mea Moxer GuTe ompeaenena no npubmmKeHHoH bopmync dy = 2d/ sina 1,3d- sina. 1.3. Koncrpymponanue u pacuer sanoacKux 1 MOMTaKHEIX CTBIKOB TPyS BaponcKne craska Tpy6 OnMHAKOBOTO BHEMIKeTO AHAMETpa, OTIKHAIO- pecs TomupHolt crenky He Gane Hem Ha 2 Mo, MOryT ONT BHINOAHEHE m@ ocTaloMeMes MoaKIAaHOM Kou (puc. 1.4, a) WM ¢ mapitbiMH TOny= komuesnia HaxranKamn (puc, 1.4, 6), Tloaxrazostoe KorBuO peKoMeH- ayeTes WIPOTABIMEATe TOTO! 3-4 MM H wMpHHOH 50-60 me. Tommntty ONYKONBUCEMIX HAKIAIOK PexoMensyeTCs MpHMHaTS w 1,2 pasa GomIne TONITE: CTEHOK CTarkyeMbix Tpy6. TIpH pacnonoxxeHAH CTEIKOB B MOCTaX 23NenomHoro HenionkonaHns HecyuieHi cnocoBHocTH ceveus (20 50%) f10- nyckaiorex cocauncuus Tpy6 Ges noaxrazHoro Koxbua (pu. 1.4, 3), Cruxossie cocaunenna 1py6 paHixx svamerpos moryr OsITs BbI- MOMHeMB © MCTIOAIOBAHHEM CIOUIMNX WIM KONBUCBAIX dnaHucs (pwc. 1.4, 1), a mp manoli pase 8 aMamerpax (10 2 MM) ~ Tesecko- muveckamn (pac. 1.4, 2). 3asoacKne cranks Tpy6aTEX TloscoB B Mec Tax MepenOMa HX OCcH MOryT GAIT BBITIONHEHEI HA HATHHAPHHECKHX (pxc. 1,5, a) # GosxooSpastisx (puc. 1.5, 6) noaknagxax HH Ges nHoA- xaagk (puc, 1.5, 8), a Taxxe ¢ mpumencuuen dnanues (puc. 1.5, 1). Tow paanues npH nameun pacraraBaioK You pexomenayeTcs TpuMeusre crans knacea mpouocn C345 ¢ rapawmeposarmoll mpoy- HocTsIO B HanpasneHHH TOMMNHEE NpOKATa, Mosrranksinie criskn TpyOsaTaix oneMeHTOB PeKOMEHAYETEH BAINOTESTS (C TIpHMeHeHHeM KOMBUCBBIX HIM CILIOWMEIX duraHues (pic. 1.5, 2). B nep- Bost cay'ae TpyGa MpHBapuBacros x SAaHUY AByMR KOMBICBBIME UIBAMI 5 MpeqyCMaTpHBALOTCA SAFTYTIKE JAK MpeLOTSpAIeHH KOPPOSMM BHYTpeH- elt rlosepxnocm Tpy6st (cx. prc. 1.5, 2, ceverme 1-1, I wapnastt). Bo Topo catyaae (cM. prc. 1.5, 2, cevenne 1-1, IT napwartr) tpy6a mpasapn- BAETCA BTABP OHM KOTBLICRLIM LIBOM. Cocaunenus rpy6 c ucnomssonanneM craKomsix uin08 (pHC. 14, a, 8; puc. 1.5, a, 6, 8) paccursrsarores no dopmyne WM cg te < : 1,22 mt” 74 (22) rae N ~ nponomsnas cua, aelicrsyiouias Ha coeqMHeHHe; ‘D-~ avanerp rpy6u ¢ Mestuteli Tonumoii crenku; 1 — menamas TOMUUMHa CTeHKH CoCAHHACMEX Tpy6. Coemera tpy6 c HcromsosaxneM yrnosbix wBos (prc. 1.4, 6, r, pac. 1.5, r, 2) paccumrsrsarores no ‘bopmysam: N Ye no cenenmio wpa —————S Ry ye 2S BLK phy ry (1.23) Ye bee wa 5 10 rpanuue cnaass Rk, no rpanuue cnaasaenus BK jhe i 24 3-3 (1 bap.) = 3.3 (II Bap.) Puc. 1.4, Crux 1py6 25A) 1A(iuap) 1-4 (I map) Pue.1.6, Ceverme erepama us mpasoyTonsHoft TpySit 26 THC nl ~ KOAHYCCTBO KONBUCBLIX IIBOB; Ay Be— xoowunerrsy, mpunumaemsse no Ta6a. 34* [1]; Rag ~ pacieruoe cOnpoTHBneHHe yrNOBKIX MIBOB cpesy TO Mera pa, npnHuMaemoe cormacno Ta6a. 56 [1]; Re ~ PACHETHOE CONPOTHBIEHHE YE-IOBHX mBOB cpesy NO rpaHHLe cnmasnenua: Ruz = 0,45 Runs rae Ryy — BpemenHoe conpoTHpnenue MeTaxna Tpy6k, onperemeMoe no taGa. 51* {1]; of @ Yoo — KOOHUUNEHTH yosIOBHH pa6oTe Ba, pasHBIC I BO BCEX CTyYasx, KPoMe KOHCTPYKiUsii, BOSBOAHMBIX B paliouax c pacHeTHOI ‘TeMmepatypoit Hoke -40°C, ans Koropaix py = 0,85 ann Meramta ¢ Roam = 410 MITA W Yee = 0,85 ana Boex crareli (Ri ~ HOPMATHBHOE CO- npormenene mevania caapHoro isa, omperensemoe 10 Taba. 56 [1]); J,~ pacternas ama usa, mpanumacmas pasnok xD; Ky~ xaver yraozoro urea. B aambuciiuiem pacueriue ops MPHBOARTCA TONBKO Ana ceveHHH MO MIBy. Tip anus B MecTe criika HopMaqbHol cial # HarHGarouIero MOMEHTa TIPOREPKa MPOMHOCTH CBAPHOTO COCAMHEHHS NPOH3BOAATCH TO popmyne AA PACHETA YPTOBLIX UIBOB. cry HE, (1.24) rae We= 0,785)" BKy. B coemuiemt a pic. 1.4, r, xpoMe paciera ceapHoro mBa, crexyeT onpesemTp Taoxe TommHy dbanua HeXORs ¥3 ero paGorss Ha H3TH6: (1.25) rae Di 4 D2 - sueumme anamerps comparaemerx tpy6 (D1>D2), 27Tommuny aauues peKoMeNayeTcs MpuKUMaTs B MHTepBATc 20...40 mm. Tipu pacraxeaua npotwocrs imanues 8 ysaax wa pac. 1.4, rw 1.5, 17) mposepaetes ewe B HanpannenHn TOYO MpOKATa: N ——<,, (1.26) 7DByK; re Rip ~ pacierHoe comporuszenue pactmxeHiio 8 ANPABAeHRH TOR musi npoxara (cm. ta6a. 1 [1]). B yane wa pac. 1.5, py pactarupaiouyx youAHAX cneayeT pac- cuMTaT» TaIKe GORTOROE COCMHHEHHC, Te PEKOMEHAYETCS HCTIOMS0~ Barb IpeaRapHTeBHO HANPSXEHHME BCOKOMpOHWIE COTM AMET pom 16.,.27 wat. Koauiecrso Gostros onpegeanetes mo opmy ne N "2 TT Ran Aw : (1.27) rae N— yone pacTaxenna B CoemHReMEIX SmCMeHTaX, ‘Reun ~ BpemesHoe conporaBaeHHc Merana Goara (em. Ta62. 61 [1]); Aun ~ nutomaas cevena Bora «neTro» (cM. Ta6x. 62 (1). Tipu oxonvaTeasHoM nasHauenun KonHuecrBa GorTos cienyeT y'H- ‘usar TpeGonarna no Hx pasmemenmio (em. Taba. 39 [1]) paamep aq (cm. puc. 1.5, a), xoropsiii zomKen GxiTs He mentee Ids, rae de — mHa- erp Gora. Tlocnegstee yenone mpomuxtosano yACCTBOM 3aKpy'tH- panna rack. Youike npeaapitenbHoro HaTexeHus Gontos cneayer masuauare pasieim 0,63ReurAen. Tommmva dnanua HasnayaeTes 19 YonosHa MpONHOCTH MpH ero pa Gore wa warH6: 1 Pe (128) tos, . Eom ay > 2 ‘yo uenomsayerea apyras dpopmya: 28 = te | ONes (129) 2D3R, rue D3 — auanerp oxpyxtocr, Ha KoTopoii pacrtooaceu! Goma 2. TIPOEKTHPOBAHHE OEPM V3 TIPSMOYTOJIbHbIX TPYB 2.1, TloaGop cevesnsi crepanedi hepa Pacierusie yonaa » crepasiax Gepm ompegeamores cormacto npua, 1 u mpeacrasamores » ra6nmaHol opme (cm. TaGa. TL.1.1). Tpe- Gyemas ninowan W pAAHyCM HepURH WeHTpamHO-pacrAHyTAX crepxeit onpeaensrores no dopmynam (1.1). Tipu wasiaventm paamepos Tpy6 pactaHyTiix snemcHTos no copra Merry HeOOXOAPMO YUHTHIBATD CHEMYIOMMe TpeGOBAHTA: = TION CeTeHHA H paNHYCbl HHEPUHH JOIDKHEL ObITe PaBHEI TPe- Gyesoum suaveHm, HaineneM no hopmyan (1.1), HF MpeBBInATS HX; = M3 Yenostii ceape HM Xoppo3H ToMMMHA cTeHKH TPYOH AOMKHA Gurr we menbue 3 3104 Tins snemertos pemerxi HcxoA W3 YCnOBH CBapKH H MeCTHOH Yo~ ‘ToliquBocTH A0:KHO coBmonaTECH ycaoBHe 0,6by Sby -2%ty thy), Qy Tat bp Ht fp - CoorBeTeTBEHHO MMDHHA ceNeHHA M TOMINMHA CreHKH TPY- Gui saemenra pemerKH; by H fy ~ TO KE, Mosca, Pacueruas anna crepaneli 13 mpamoyroasunix tpy6 onpeaenseros no Ta6a. 1.2. Tnx Gecnporontx noxpHTHi pacteTHas amma Bepxite- To nlosca 8 nococra depmst ompeneaseTes nto dopamyne howl, 2 29Saecs n - Geapasmepuusii napamerp: n = gh / 2N, ‘ae q ~ MoToHHaa Harpy3Ka Ha osc, ‘N~ npoxombuaa cana B onemenTe nosca; ‘n= snicora ccuenia noscHolt TpyOH. Tipezeabniaa rnOxocrs onemextos dbepm onpeacasetes no Ta6a, 1.3. TlonGop cexewnii uewrpamHo-cxaTiix cTepxHeii BbinoaHerca B ‘enenyiomei nocenonarenbHOCTH: onpeaensiores oTHoueHHe cropox 1pyOer a4 napaMerp m: = eas m F@+1P Gat); 2.3) masnaigerea orHomenne 6/t. B zambueliutem oro orHomenne 6yzier oBosnavarses uepes M7. Tax noscos IT < 45, ana anemenros peers: 11s 60, “onpezeasercs pasmep TpyOst Hs naocKocTs depati , Q.4) rae N= paciertoe younue B crepaxse, onpezeaxeMoe cCoracHo MPH. i. Ennai wameperna n opmyne (2.4): yeunne - » MH, pacuerioe conporuenenne ~ & MIla, avtmia~ 8 Bropoli pasmep cevenusa tpyOs # Toma crenkn Gyayr pais h=a-b; t=6/IT (2.5) Tloaysentoe TaKHM O6paom ceveHHe sBIAeTCR ONTHMANDHBIM no acxoay MeTa:lia H CAYAHT OpHeHTHPOM MIpH BEIGOPE TPyOK MO CopTa~ MeHTY ~ BHEUTHHE ra TOMUNHA CTEM TPYOBI AOMKHBE HMCTE MUMMMAIBHBe OTKIOHEHHA OT COOTBCTCTBYIOUINX BETHMHK, MOMTY¥CH- muax no dbopmyaan (2.4) (2.5). Tip sui6ope cexenuii anemerros peuierkn dep no coprameuty (npun. 3) Heo6xoammo yuurumnars orparnesa 110 opsyae (2.1) Tlocne nasHaNcHMs ceueHHA UeHTpamBHO-cxaTOrO CTepAHA NPOH3- bogies mponepka mecTHoli H oGuteli yoroitusocra, Mectuas yoroii- upocrs cunTaerea OBecrieNeHHOH, ecnM BEIOMHAOTEH cTeAYIONHe yenopna: 30 h “Le t hep fs , Q6) TRE MpenenbHioe oTHOUIeHHE [ey /1) pmnwactes paren 1,2,JE7 mpa Z <1 u(1+024)-JE/Ry npn X21, > > R rae 2 —manGormmas yenosnas rA6KOCTS CTepAGiA (z = Ina fe} hep ~ waxBonswias uiNpHA MpsMonineltHoro yacrea ropHooHTaAb- Holi Ham beprukanbHoli cremext Tpy6H (Ha puc. 1.6 970 dex he). B cayyaé wenonampmxcrsia crepxrs, HAMpHMep, Tp HaanaNeHn pasmepos TpyOsl Hm OGecriesenni npegembHol rHOxocm oTHoMeHHe hep /1{ exearyer ysemmnms 8 /RygA/N , wo we Gone wea 1,25 pasa. Tipu neasmonnenmn yeronns (2.6) ueo6xoanmo coorsercrayiouluM, ‘ob pagoM HOMeHHETS CeHeHHe TPYGL: YMEHbLINTS hy WIK YREMHHTS £ Tiponepxa o6meii yeroliumocr npowanoawres, xak ans uewnpams- HO-CxKATOrO CrEpoKHEE N Ye o=—sk,=, (2.7) A ey, en rae gp xoxppuumerr npoxoabHore warn6a, onperensemsrii no Tabs. 72 (1). TuSxocts crepacis 2 niockocTi # 3 rinocKocTH depatnt (Ax #4) He JOnxna MpeBsiuaTe npevenbHENX Havent, MpABCAeHNX B TAB. 1 3. TloaGop ceveunii sHeueurpenno cxaTHIX CTepmHell NpOHSBOMHTCS B enenyiouteli nocnexoparenbHocrH: no dopmyze (1.5) onperensercs koapmuverrr npusezcHns w nep- BOM npHavoxeHHH (7) H m0 opmyate (1.6) BHMcnseTes npHREEHAT pacieTHIan aauHa n MAOcKOCTH AeiieToHs MarHBAIOUIETO MoMeHTa; ‘ompenensiores mapaMerpHt ai m1 = Wy Lane Fs 2.8) 31 Ca lamp > hy 70cent lag Sy 100 = Ylny 4) es m = 2(a +1? Beqy +1) ; (2.10) paruncaseres pasmep Tpy6w B TulocKoorH HanGombuIell pacseTHOH AH: 8, = 015+ 2.11) rae I7=45 ana noscos u [7 = 60 ans sneexTos peers, Jeg—wanGommuran pacweruas Anna J, 1H lenp. B gopmyne (2.11) caeayer Henonssosars Te ke CxHHMIT HAMEpe- ‘us, To HB bopyne (2.4) Tloyennoe suavcrne S; MOKHO yrounuTb. C 9Tolt nenbio cneayer [BRIMHCAHTS CHEXYHOMIRE rapaMeTpHy: ruGxocTs & nAOcKOCTH HaNGonbulel paceTHOll a™MHHEH H cOoTBETET- sylompii efi xoadpuunert mporomsHoro #3rH6a,KaK MH HeHTPATHOM exarvat: fe, (m+) 4; @12) SY 3a41 ‘exoppexruposantioe snavenne Kooppunuenra MpuneaeHAa m= QdGe, (2.13) me Qs ONpENERAETER KAK JUIN NEHTPATRHO-CAATOTO CrEPACLH,B SABHCHMO- cri or rOkocra crepacis B rutocKocTs hepmt (A): jpels [HOD conn “Sy Lap > ly 3 2.14) 32 1, fi2a+) Ay =e fet L ET a a ee bap Sly 5 (2.15) onpexenscres no Ta6x. 74 [1] » saBcuMocrH oT YerOBHOH rH6- xocta 7, =,/Ry/E wpunezennoro oxcucrtpHcurera, pasHoro mg =— 1, (2.16) tae M, N - coorsercrseHHo HanGonpumii MomexT 8 mpeacnax cpemHeli ZPETH AZ CTepan H exunaonte yeni, onpeneasennt CorzacHo pu. 1; 2 Koohhmunerr snus hopme, onpexenseres no ra6zx. 73 [1]. Eomt yp > ly , TO 13a +1) Gary OM 2.17) Eos Limp Sly 70 Say +3) _ ga so 2.18) Koppextuposxa pasmepa S npoussogirres no dbopayne I: my Sp = 75, -8| —2 a (2.19) a tate| 2m, e1) Tae m — onpexenseres, KaK H 1m,n10 (bopmynne (2.10), Ho c sameHoli a Ha a. B cao oxepems, a) Buiucaserex no hopmynam (2.8) wm (2.9), rae anp = ley Tlocne xoppexruponxs nasvauatorca pasmepsi 1py6ut 33Ect Ip 2ly , 10 = Sa, b = p52. (2.20) Ecatt heyy < ly, 10 h = oS, b = Sa, t= Syl. Tlo nalinerrram semunuan b, fh mpanumaeres ceacnHe TpyOH 10 Tipu [> Jy nposepxa MecTuoH yoroiimmsocTa xenaeres Ans TOK 1 ou crest “esi “SH 21) r leo fe rae be # her — paameps npaMonuueltnerx yracTkos covers Tpyut (cM. pac. 1.6): bya -6t, heya h-6t Mipezemnce creme f (mga TOpMIOHTANBHOTO YHACTKA TPY- 65 (nomen) onpeneaserca no dopmyae (2.6). Tpeaemsuoe ommomenne A . ana CTOHKH Tpy6H Pe SABHCHT OT OTHOCHTEMSHOTO IKCICHTPHCHTE- rh Val ra: Tipu m 2 1 mpeaensnoe orHourenne 4 onpexenser- * h x no eneayromuns popmyaas: [Per ((3+01572). |= pu 7, <2 222) teh Ry “ a6 W z . ao 2+035%2). = npn 7,22, (2.23) ' i Ry Ecam 0 < m< 1, 70 mpenemsHice oromexne onpexensercs HiTep- hey | A Pe alte ; pel f Tipn J, < Jy mposepxa MectHoii yeroitunpocT creuku He aenaeres. Taxxe He aenaeTca mposepKa MecTHOH YcToMBocTH CTeHKH, ecm—it COOTHOMIeHHE KpacBbIx HaNpsDKeHHii (ci,) PAaBHO HH Gombe CAHHHUM: Tonauneli Mexay aq = (0-0)! 0, 2.24) N Mig N My Ne gM 2.25) me A> Wh? 4 Wh (225) hep B eayae wezonanpmxenma crepacix mpeaenuioe oraowennte 2 | cenyer yaenusus B [Ry p¢A/N , Ho He Gonce 4eM 8 1,25 pasa. Tiponepxa odueii ycroimsocru mpunsToro cevrenma B nocKoeTH nelicrsus Momesra mpoussoanTea no Sopsyac o= a Iy no dopmyne N Ye sR, (2.28) erase 2.28) 35rae gy— xooipdpuuneer mpogonbHoro iarHGa, ompenentemi B saBHCHMO- ‘enw or ruGKocTH H3 rinocKocTE (hepsa (7). Koogypuunertr (c) onpeaenseres 8 sapHcHMocTH oT oTHOCHTEMBHOTC oncuteerpuenera (ms): m, =A. sueneTp se = Sy B 2.25) Tipu mes 5 °" Tam, (2.29) 8 36 Tipa me 2 10 cece 230 I+m,/y Tip 5 0,25, a TaKoKE yam, npeacrasnenunie Ha pic. 2.1, r, a (yroa raKnoHa pasen * 90°). 2.2.1. Pacuer Ha nporanmupaxiue (BipsIBaHite) Pacuer wa nposannusarie (eixpimsannc) ysacTka ropHsoHTaHolt cremat cesennx TpyOsl Tosca MportwpomHTeR OT KaKIOTO 3AeMEHTA pe- meri oTaensHo. Sror pacier nporimogres TomKo mpH by/by < 0,9. Tiposepoxtiaa hopmyna umeer creayounil Bug, < Tet pm Ryth(d +e+m dre) (ng + 1.80/d)é-sina ’ P (2.32) me P = younne B pacomanpHsaemom sneMertre pemenir, onperenxeMoc connactio mpi. 1; Ye~ Koodanen yenosntt paGore (y-= 0,9), yp = 1,2 pw pactaxxeHi B npUMBKaIOUIeM sneMeHTe H Yp = 1 MPH xara; . m= 1 pH pacrarceHHH ® NOK H 7 a1s- pH xan, y me F = yeumme » nosce co croportss pacrayroro packoca; A -nnomaap mosca. Zins yanos 1-ro Tuna ni = 1, n2 = 0,4. as yanos 2-ro Tana m = 2, m= 1, 6= 0, Ocramsawe oGostayenna npysegemst xa pac. 2.1 Eom mposepxa na nponasmmanue (ssipsisaiuie) He ya0BneTBOpS- eves, 10 nauGonce enecooGpasmuM auzaeron yBexienite raGapHTos Covina paceMarpusaeMoro 2eMettTa peuieTin Hx yBesmeNHe TOA nomx crenxn roseHoli Tpy6u, @ Tak Heronbooaase ACTOBKEX PO- raraaox (eM. pie. 2.2).B nocneaveM eaytae npx pacvere Ha nponasai- aime » opmyny (2.32) smecro Tomer crexict noscHoti Tpy6B! (th) MogcTaBnseTcs CyMMapHas TOMUUEHA (fy + ty), a MPH pacueTe Ha BRIPLI- ‘Baume BMccTO (fq) HeTIonbayeTea TomuHHA HaKIAAKH (ty). 38 Puc. 2.2. Ysen epmas ¢ nuctosoll npornaaKoit 2.2.2. Tiposepxa ecymieli croco6tiocTH peprukanbHoil crestK ToscHoii Tpy6ut B MecTe npuerKastHs exaToro aneMetrTa pemieTKH ‘Dra mponepka mpowsBomMTcs TOTEKO MPH oTHOUTEHHH Bp/b,>085. Tiponepouas dopuyna uncer sia Ry Yo -ty “2h, Pst Km, (2.33) sin” a mie P — coxumaroutee ycumue B snemerre peuieTiH; K-- xooppunsenr, onpeaensenii no puc. 2.3, rae A= itp, = ty mq = 0,8 mpi fig / ty 2 25, 8 OCTaBHBIX cyasX Mm = | 2.2.3. Pacer na npounocTs 2neMeHTos pemeTiot 8 20Ke NpHMBIKaHTA K NORCy Pacuet npoussoxutes nto hopmyne PSY¢°%p*K-RyApom' (234) me P - pacueriioe ycnnme pacearpusaemoM anemerre pemeniat; Ap~ TnOWA CeNCHHA 27eMeHTA PeuleTKK, K- xoadipuunerr, onpeaensemsii no puc, 2.3 np h = hy a= fp 39Lii gi iti i ar a SD Ry (rina) Pre, 2.3, OSnacrat sunset woogpguantentra K Das yan0e 1-ro tuna (2.35) Zina yanos 2-ro Tana ms ——___- —_—_1_________ . 36) [1400/3 +5b, /By —Ohy /tp)-by /ty]-sint BHaveHUN OCTATBHBIX CHMBOTOB, HonOMssyeMbx B opmye (2.34), pHsenens! BuIIE, Tina snemenra pemeriat Hexnanparuoro coven (bp * hp) mpasaa acts Gopayms (2.34) ymwoxaeres ans ystos Ito Tuna ta BAIpaKCHIIC 0,67 + 0,67 / (1 + Bp/ hp) wana yanos 2-ro Tuna wa surpaxenne 2 / (I+ + bp/ hy). 2.2.4, Pacuet cBapHbIxX LIBOB Tipowniocrs ceapssix unos nposepsetes no dbopmyzaM Pm Ree Yq E037) P+my Ye Shy tg 2s OL Be Ky hy tn By Kp ohy Yn 40. ne by = 2d + bp aia yanop 1-ro Tana H hy = 4p ania yanos 2-ro Tana; Reg, Ree ~ pACHeTHEIC COMPOTHBACHHR YFTOBKIX 1BOB COOTBETCT- peso Ho MCTANMAy WmBa H No Meraay rpaHMU crivapreHss. 3HayeHHs Rag, Ray 2 TaK0Ke Kopanpenton Af, Yus, Be H Yoe MpHBcacu! B [1]. Tina yanos L-o Tana m3 = 0,75 + 0,01 bts, aa yanos 2aro Tana my = Lm, rae m! onpeneascres mo dpopmyae (2.36). 2.3. Koucrpyponanne m pacuer cTuxop noscHEIx Tpy6 Konorpynposanue w pacier CTEKOB TpsMOyrOnBHEX Tpy6 BHITOR- aeTCA MO AHATOrHH © KOHCTPYHpOBAHHEM H PacHeTOM CTHKOB KPy- max Tpy6 (cm. pasa. 1). Mpumep 1 Tipoexraposanne depmer 13 xpyrmerx Tpy6. Mexonusre sammie: Me- eo ctponremmersa r-Bpecr, kmmmarayecknii pation - Is, pASMeps Quaitis B nae 18x108 m (cm. puc. 2.4); Teomerpaueckse paamepst (bepMe mpuseens Ha prc. 2.5; ananne OGopyaloBaHo MOCTOBKIMH KpaHaMH CpcaHero paxuma pa6oTal; ‘ananne orHoctrTes Ko IT Kxaccy orserorseuocTH, 72. Y= 0,95; CcoGeHHOCTS KOHCTPYKIKH NOKPAITHA: cransHoi mpodwnmponan- suit wacran (HR0-674-1,0) yxxamsteacTea HenocpenCTReHHO Ha BEpx- xi nose bepmnt; ‘conp@rkeHHe Sepm ¢ KOTOHHIAMH ~ 2kecTKOC; cBapka npousBOaHTea NlonyaRTOMaTOM ® cpede Yr-1eKHCHOTO 7432. Pacuernas narpyaka Ha sepxnit nose eps: or coBeracHHoro neca TiOKpHITHS gn 5 KH; ‘or Beca cHeroBoro OKPOBA Jey = 10 xH/M, ‘Suanenst onopHanx MomeHTOB: Of coBcrsexsoro Beca NOKpHTHS My = -30 xH 1 (Moet mmpi.30- {qeH K neBoii 1 mpasoii ortopam cept); of Beca cHeroworo nloKpoBa Mey = -60 xH- m (MomeHT mpuastoxkext x nenoii H mpasoit onopam dept), 4l(1-70 taxon osondouo anaaayat wi aishond wd ~ (9 “sara oxirarexnidon wn aan we ~ (0 raoxo orauaKIg 'Z OAL SCTE osS noha p-p oe Cr Ud ananGonbumit MOMeHT ¢ NonOxITenbHLIM 3HaKOM, CoMeBacMMil Ha TpYSKaMH, AeMicTBYIOWIAMH Ha onepesHYIO paMy SAaHHE, 3a HCKMONe- HMeM TlocTORHKO! H CHETOBOH: Myax = 100 KH (2am aaoro MpH- Mepa 3TOT MoMeHT MPHAOMeH K NeBOHi OnlOpe epMEl H coamaeTeR o”- Holi spemennoit Harpyaxoii - serpoxoit), coorserersyrouutli Moment, aciicrayromuit Ha apyryio, m aHHOM caysae mpasyto onopy epMet: Mecom = -75 KH. x (2Tor momesrT cog acres TOHt KE HArpy3KOll, NTO H Mina); HaHOONBINKI MOMCHT c CTPHIATCIbHEIM 3HAKOM, cOasasaeMuii Ha TpY2KaME, 2elicrayiommMet Ha nonepeHyiO PaMy UWAHHA, 34 HCKMONe- ‘HHEM TIOCTORHHOM H CHCTOBOH: Myin = -125 KH: M (8 JaHHoro npH- Mepa STOT MOMeHT MpHOXeH K TeBOH OMOpe PMB H coamACTCR Ay Mal BPeMEHHEIMH HarpyaKaMnt ~ KpaHOBoit H BeTpoBOl); cooTsercTayIOMIMit MoMerHT, AelicTBYIOUUAH Ha Apyryi0, B aaHHOM ‘eaysae mpanyio onopy depmbt: Meoom = 50 KH m (ator Momesrr conta eres Temi axe Harpy3KaMn, #70 1 Mmun). Onpeaenenue pacuerasix younnit Pacuernnie cxemt depsit npusesienis Ha puc. 2.5. Zina onpexene- Hua OcesbIx yeunHii B crepxnsN GepMBl BePTHKAMBHAA HarpyaKa Ha BepxHuii nose npuwegcna K ysnonoii (P, = 15 KH, Poy = 30 xH),3naue- HH OCeBLIX YeuTHET B cTepaEAX depMel BEIsHCTeHE B mpua. 1 (om ra6a. IL1.1). B rpape 3 ra6a. 2.1 npeacrapaensi pacveTmue sxavenna ocesuix yeuruii, uenomayemste Ana MORGOpA ceveHHi crepcicti ep- ot. O6osHayeHHa crepxHeli B TeKcTe, a TawxKe B TaOz. 2.1, 2.2, TI. MpHnaret 10 cHsBonaM «noneli» (eM. pic. 2.5, a), KoTopsle 3TA CTepA- HH pagiensior. B cess ¢ Tem, 470 NOCTOSHHA’ H cHeTOBAx Harpysx xBAAOTCH PABHOMePHO paCMpesencHHBIMH mo REpXHeMY Tloscy GepMa, B eM BOSHKAIOT HSCHOAIOUE MOMCHTHL, IHAYEHMS KOTOPHIX onpereTCHs! cornacuo mpan. | mpupeaenst 8 rpade 4 Tax. 2.1. TIpx tom comm Hopamsnas pacueruas cwa as crepatia (rpaga 3 Taba. 2.1) ompeae~ nena ¢ Koxppuunerrom corcrannii n, = 0,9, 7.6. asta us rpapa 19 wan 20 ra6a. T1.L.1, 70 warnGaiouyst MomeHT or cHerosoli Harpy3Kit AM STOTO 2Ke CTEPKHA TaIOKE BEINHCIAETER ¢ KODpHNHEHTOM comeTa- anit ne = 0,9. 44 HanOombumnii MoMeET aaa crepxHell 6-2 1-13 2 2.75" 106 xH; ro.xe, ans crepuniell B-4 Hal] 2 _(5+09-10)-3? 2 Onpeaeneune pacverainx TH Pacuoraase aminst crepxctel epuas onpereacist cormacto Ta6n. 1.2 MH pacrionoxennn cesseli no pwc, 2.4% npusenenst 8 rpaax 5H 6 raGa. 2.1, 3uavenus pacterHusx amu crepanelt BepxHeTO Tosca 13 ockocr epMei Gsi1m BLIUHENEHEI C YHETOM MpHMeNAHHR K Tax. 1.2. B ra6a. 1.3 pacucrame anne pacranyrsix 9aeMeHToB mpuseaeHs ‘TONBKO B BEPTHKANHOH NTOCKOCTH. Tloa6op ceuennit crepacieli epmat B xavecrse warepnana ¢epmer npuniera cram C245, BuGop cram ocymecraaex no Ta6x. $0* CHnfT 11-23-81* 8 sasnommocnst or rpymmst oHerpyxusti (epma orwecewa xo II rpynme) st xmaariaeckoro pati owa crpoutenscrsa. PacierHoe conporaaeune mpynaToil cram Ry = 240 Mia apy romumie w wutrepsaae 2...20 vt. Hioxsonti nose Cmepacnu a-7 4 a-8, TpeByenas naomaas u pasnye imepuant ceve- Huis paBHt 45Aa Nin 234-095 —————=102 a; a Ryre 230-107! 0.95 $ = is 4 ==0375 om, 2 = Zing son" é x [2 Ha xanwom stane pacuera xooPuuNeHT Yonosuii pa6orss (y,) npu- = TI es a uur papusin 0,95 cornacto nt. 2 ra6x. 1.1. B xanswermen 1, » wacTHo- 3 ag i. |. ou (es 8 ES C7, nocae KoHCTpyHpoBaHHA y3n08 GepMl, y creayer MpHRUMATS ¢ ~ ? “IS Ie IS yaetom 1.3 Ta6x. 1.1. SHaweuue npeaembHOH rHEKoCTH (yp) MpHHsto a é Io no ra6a. 1.3 ¢ yuerom Toro, 370 szaHHe O6opygoBaHO MocTOBAMH xpa- e IS ooo (5 fs |e HaMH cpemHero pexama pa6orsi 2 1 2 leis e To pe6yemsm sHaxcHnaM mouaaH H paquyca mepuit, a TaloKe ¢ & els I& ie ¢ le ia is ysorom yrasannii, mprseacnmens na c. 4, 5, npuuniaerea 1py6a 102/4 2 f, * Fie F t (COCT 8732-78, A = 12,32 em’, i = 3,47 cM). Younus » crepaitex a-5 1 3 7g de A & RR | 2-10 wemsime younait » crepusinx a-7 1 2-8 Ka nessaurenuutyio Demi, 3 ; ~8 j8 BIE Fie |e simy, noaroxy wx cevennu e ueauio yanibuain Tanne pero s 3 ibs ba ee ak Ell 3 Tpy6ut 102/4, Cenenns crepasieii 2-3 4 a-12 noaGupaiores aHano- el Sé [eke Is [ef ae 4 THWHO CrepacHaM a-7 2-8. f ye ls sie ie ie Cmeprcnu a-1, a-4. Conenue onpesenseres, xak 228 weHTpambo- 2) 82 2 8 6 8 I 8 is cokaTBIX 31eMeHTOR, TO opyze (1.2). = . PE : i Te [ele 11 BBE 3 i rs ) 125? =0,0765 i 2 ~ |elS |e ie 2 8 BE | : le |g fe ¢ le It |e é <8 jee & 2 is iE IS TRE Pe i | desheedly2 Ve Tlo copranerry © yueroM Halen anaemia raroKe © yueroM Sah [ezTes sae A yrazama na ¢. 4, 5 npuuneacrex tpyGa 7013 (A = 6,32 a, /= 237 ov). & . Saecs samerp TpyGH mpureT Mexbne HaltreKHOro To GopMyne (1.2) w 2 keg gee casaH © Tew, ro Tommy TpyGut Hexoas HM yas Hae 4 3 npunxo. by -| Es gee | Zeca npHEuMan Gonbure HaiiqeHHoro 3HayeHHs. | 46 47Oxorrsane ra6a. 2.1 48 7016.6 AS 03,5 188 183 164 | 7 08 i 0589 {08 0,787 95 2,03 60/2,5 | 452 215 [215 | 7076,5 [12,97] 2,26 28 [218 | 9572,5 | 7,26 | 3,27 | 66,7 | 66,7 43,9 23 GT [-" = [221/221] 7025] 3,3 | 2,39 [925] 925) 0,636 [08 89 TIPHMEYAHKE, Pacuernoe ycnnne (N) mpurmmacrca pasunim HanGonce Hesbirogielimemy youno, npupexentomy w Taba. IT.1.1 (rpades 17, 18, 19, 20) Tiponepka mpiiztoro cexens: 1, aL 5 59 Ay, (ou. 1261, 1.3, 9= 0,85 (n0 26a. 72; 1 237 982-1079 Fe 1 SE 2183 R, = 240. =252 Mb ” Ty 095 Bepxnnit nox Ha pepxnnit noac aelicrsyer smeysnosas warpyaxa, nosTomy 216M, BOSHHKRIOT KAK OCeBNE YCHTHS, TaK H HaHGaIOMAlt MoMenT, B cari 3TUM CTepKHH BEPXHETO Mosca PACCHNTEIBOTES KAK BHEMeHTEINO oxarere Cmepocnu 2-6, 0-9. Onpeaeasiores Kooppmunierr nprmezesns no dopsyze (1.5) mp BeneHnas pacterHax Amma (ly) no dopuyze (1.6) w auamerp Gu no opmyae (1.2) 130M 130-1125 n= fie = he 184; Ny 2196-300 Lonp =lyyn} =301 1,843 = 749 om Tax KaK lenp > yy TO B dopMysi B KayecrBe Jey NomcTaRnseTH Ia MeHHe leyp ( wn) 0,2136- 40 =012- 2, 2012+ ( ee | 7,49? = 016 a ie 7) a | Om Tlocae store xoppexrupyiorcs suasennan a D: 49ly 749 0;353D, 0353-166 =128-9=038 ; 4, 300 Ay =O e514 9, = 086. 0353; 0353-166 Bnasenua gH gp, onpenenens 10 Ta6A. 72 [1] Yenonnas ru6xocts Ty =A_fRy /E = 519.240/2,06-105 Tipapeaenneitt sxcucimpucurer 4M. 4-125, NS 1422 =15 =0, F195 6-166 P27 Pe = 049 = 01685 cm. Tonmuana tpy6s1 t= DI] = 16,85/40 = 0,42 om, Tlo copramerry (npun. 2) npriuwaetes rpy6a 168/4,5. XapaxrepcraKa npuistoro cesenus: A = 23,1 em”, W= 91,97 ow; 4=5,78 eM. Tiposepxa yerottansocta crepaueii r-6 4 2-9 8 TIOcKOCTH AeiicTRHA warABaromero MoMeHTa (B rtocKocrH ébepMt): fe [Ry _ 300 [_240 i VE 5781 206.10° 50 = =16 9, = 0,465 , "ef NW ~~ 2196-9197 * re SHEENA 7) @ « CKOPpeKTHpOBAHBH 10 dbarTeecKoli THOKOCTH, Tiposepxa: 3 N___2196:107 _o04. pane 70 ma, T°. MeHbIeMy AaMErpy OsCHOH TpyOs, B ABEHOM CAyHde HIDKHETO TIOKCA, K ‘koropoli npuniixaror paccMarpunaewte crepacit, Hanwesbuan TonLNAHA CcrenKH TpyOsi, COTACHO TEM ake YraANHEM, paBHa 2,5 MM, Te. KaHGOTS~ imiee oTHoweHHe anaMeTpa TpyGHI K TOAUIE CTeHKH PaBHO D_1 2-28. 1 25 513nech 2K¢ MOXKHO KOHCTATHPOBATS, 4TO TONMHHA CTEHKH noscHOH ‘TpyOu!, B ABHHOM caysac HIDKHETO Tloxca, ByAeT MeMBINIe ABYX TOMNHH crenxu tpy6u1 218 paccarpusaemix crepxuell, T.¢. cornacko nyHKTY 4 ra6a. 1.1 xosdguument yenosui paGore (7) 6yaer pase 0,8. B ‘cnyae Koraa TaKAS KOHCTETAIMIA HEBOIMOKHA, CHCAYET NPHMHMATS 7. Papunin 1 ¢ riocaeayiomeli Koppexrmposkoll. JJwamerp 1py6w B nepsom MpuOmoxenuu onpezeaserca lo hopmyste (1.2) ¢ noacraHoBKolt B Ka- uecrse JT nonyyennoro sbune shaxenus. Eonu nonyyerioe 3HayeHue napamerpa IT npesuicur mpeneabuoe, ykazanHoe 8 1a6a, 1.4, To 8 op- yay (1.2) exeayer nomcrapTs TaGmMsice aHaeHHe, gf o1s9107 28) +215? = 3 D, =012- 2 iy = 012+ ————— | ae (240-08) Ry “re = 0,095 mw ‘Tax xax amamerp 9THx crepicielt He Moxer Gare Gombuie 70 MM, TO ‘puitaaaerea Tpy6a 70/6,5 no TOCT 8732-78 (A = 12,97 cw’; i = 2,26 em) Tipa suiGope tommpun Tpy6ix MORO pyKOBOACTBORATECH CreAyIONIUEM TOTOKeHHEM: MpoHsCIeHHe TMOWAME HA PANY HHEpIONA zL1A TPYOH, sunmicneroit no dopmyze (1.2), 4 Tpy6it npawiaTol nomKHO Gums Mp Meputo ommaKoBBiM Tiposepka npuusroro ceenna: 1 if _ 218 -£ 22 295 = T= 57595 07? cM. ‘np Crepaciu 1-2, 13-14 mpuneerxaior x rpy6am 146/4,5 (sepa nose) 70/4 (faoxatnit noac). Coractio ykasaHHey, mpuBeaeHEBiM Ha c. 4, 5, aMaMerp TpyOM AN PACCMATpHBAeMMX CrepAHEH 8 9TOM cyHAE 02- ‘xen Gurre B mpeaenax 48,..70 ma pH Tome crema TpyGe! HE Mo nee 2,5 wm. C yuerom arax Tpeosanuii, a TaxoKe mt. 2 4 4 ra6a. 1.1, cornacho KeTopuM KosppmuHeHT yenoBHi paorst MpHEAT paBiAiM 0,95 - 0,8=0,76, no copramexty mprmumaetca tpy6a 70/3,5 no TOCT 8732-78 (A = 7,31 em’, i= 2,36 om), Pacer yaton ¢bepmet (HyMepautinio yanon cm. pic. 2.5. 6) Y3EMT 1. Teomerpuuecane napaetpa yst, yonnme 8 crepastas, HyMepauuis oaemeHTOB mpHBerenst Ha puc. 2.6, a. a), Pacuer na MecrHit warH6 1), Tiposepxa noscuoii tpy6st wa mecranit war » MecTe KoHTaKTa canementow 1 (j= 1). Onpenenewne suavennit napamerpos, BXoRSmX B MpoBeposiie cpopsynss (1.11) m4 (1.12): yor = 1; 7k, warnGaiountit Mometrr oreyrersyer, 70 44) = 1; 4a = p= 15 Pi= 7168 = 0,417; B= f= 0,417; y= 1,05 0,417 = 0,434; Wa= Ws= 0,434; an = 1; 5= 16,8/0,45 = 37,3; 631 = 36 mat (cM. pte. 2.6, a); 31 = 1 -0,4(I ~ 3,6/16,8)* = 0,69; 53831 = 1 1,3-0,69- (1 +0,02- 37,3) /(1 + 0,04 37,3) = 0,374; €11 = c05"(3,14- 10,5/2 + 16,8)f3 + 0,434(1 + 0,02 37,3) /(1 + + 5,4- 0,417 + 5,6- 0,417%) « 1] = -0,093; yor = 1 ~ 0,5(64,6/23,1 -24)"= 0,99; S = 13(1 + 0,02 - 37,3) 0,45- 24. 1 = 110,3 KH. Tiponepka npouniocra nto dopwyne (1.11): (ein> 2a « Ny sine / yr + en > pea ~ Ng inary ya > epi ° ps Ns sina ys|= =[L- 1+ (-143,9) - 0,809/0,434 + (-0,093) 1 - (-45) - 0,9998/0,434 + + 0,374. 1 - 88,3 -0,82/0,434| = 196,35 KH > yo1- S= = 0,99 110,3 = 109,2 «H. Tiposnocrs ne o6ecnesena, Jax yaennuenns wecymelt cnoco6uocrt yaa MoxHO HCnOTBORATS, KAK 6x10 CkaxaHO sLIUIe, TPH BapHaxTa: 1) nocrasare waxnanxy: 2) ysemeurre anamerp paccmarpupacmoro 21eMeHTa; 3) ynemrsurre Tommy noncHol tpy6st Bropoii sapHant B AaHHOM MpHMepe Moxer Gurr MIPHMEHEN TOABKO IIH OmHOBpeMeHHOM yBemHMMeHHH AHaMeTpa H¥DKHETO HOACa. B 1aHHOM mpuMepe eropoli m Tperuii apwanes, KaK MeHee QKOMOMMUHHE, He pacemarpupaiores. Tonmuna Haksankn onpenenserca 13 ypasueniis (1.18): by, +0,25+4,5 2 4541963571092 >t, = 5 Tipupeaermias ToAUMHa: for= tar + 0,25tnin = 5+ 0,25: 4,5 = 6.125 om. Tora xapaxtepuctuka Hecyuteli cnocobocTH nosca Gyaer pasta sus 16 Yen on > MosS= 0,99. 13 - (1 + 0,028) - 1%, «Ry: 1e= 0,99" 13 x ‘Pepa (x mpumepy x (1 + 0,02 37,3) - 0,6125?- 24 - 1 = 0,99- 204,4 = 8) yaen 1;6)-yoen 2 = 202,3 KH> 196,35 KH 54 55Tiposnocre oSecnevexa. Tiponepxa no popmeyze (1.12): 143,9 - 0,809/0,434 = 268,2 <2- 204,4 = 408,8 KH. Tiposnocrs oGecrexena 2), Tiposepxa noacuoii tpy6ut na mectausit waru6 8 Mecre KouTaxra comementom 2 (j= 2). i; Bs, y, 8~ om. mposepxy mpx j= 1. 622 = 1; €2 = 21 = -0,093;, 832 = 6125 You = 1 - 0,5(177,5/23,1 « 2,4)° = 0,949. Tiposepxa npowoct no hopayze (1.11): -0,093 - 1 - (-143,9) - 0,809/0,434 + 1 - 1 - (-45) -0,9998/0,434 + + (-0,093)- 1 - 88,3 - 0,82/0,434| = 92,1 KH < 0,949. 110,3 = 104,7 KH. Tiposntocrs o6ecnevena. Tiposepxa npossocra mo dbopsyze (1.12) 94, 1,9998/0,434 = 101,6 <2- 110, = 220,6 KH. Tipossocrs oGecnesena. 3), Tiposepka noacoii tpyOut Ha MecrHtiii waruG 8 Mecre KOHTAKTa canemenrom 3 (j= 3). Bs yi; O- om. weame, p= 4a 613 = 831 = 0,69; &3 = 62 = y= 083 45 = 08; 33 = 1s 126; ys = wa = 0,978, Tiponepxa no dpopmyze (1.11): 10,69- 1 - (-143,9) - 0,809/0,434 + (-0,126) « 1 - (-45) + 0,9998/0,434 + + 10,8 - 88,3 - 0,82/0,434| = 38,8 KH < 0,978 - 204,4 = 200 xH. Tpowsiocts oGecnesena. Tiposepka no hopmyne (1.12): 56 88,3 - 0,82/0,434 = 166,8 <2 204,4 = 408,8 KH. Tiposocts oGecnewesia 6). Pacuer ua mpouHocTs sneMeHTos pemerKst B MoCTaX WX MpHMstians x Toscy dept 1), TIposepxa npoxsiocra anemesrta 1 (/= 1). Tiposepxa nponssoantes no opayae (1.20), rae mp $5, = 0,69 xooiuunent 7 = 0,008: 143,9- (1 + 0,008 - 37,3)/12,97 = 14,6 <1 1-24 =24 xem? Tiposiocrs oGecnesena. 2), Hposepxa mposnocra snemena 2 (j= 2) Tipu c, > D (cmexsnie oemesrs orcyrersyior) napamerp ¢ = 1, roraa z= 0,015: 45+ (1 + 0,015 - 37,3)/7,31 =9,4<1- 1-24 =24 uHlew’, Tipoanocrs obecnewexa 3), TIposepxa npouocra anemersra 3 (j= 3). = 0,008 (ext. mposepky azewenra 1) 88,3- (1 + 0,008 - 37,3/7,31 = 15,68 <0,8- 1 24= 19,2 H/ew’. TIpounioers oSecneena. 2). Pacer ceapHirx uIB0B Karer cBapxaix 11B0 MPHHUMACTES OAHMAKOBBIM JLT BOEX 9AeMCH- ‘ros » paccmarpusaemom yane: K/= 4 ne. Ceapxa noyasToMaTH¥ecKat ‘ceapoxnoli mposozoxoli ce.08T2C » yraeksienoM raze, aMeTp nox 2 mw, toraa B= 0,9 (em. ra6n. 34 [1], Rur= 21,5 eHow (cm. ra6a. 56 [1)) PacueTuas ania ceapHoro mipa ans 97eMenTa 1 5727 ——— +1,3-7-0,809 = 24,66 om. Ly o809 7/3 7-0, oM, Tlposepxa npownocra caaproro wma aia saementa 1 0/85-0,9-0,4-24,66-21,5 +1 143,9<. 162,24 KH. Tipostiocrs oGecrevena PacserHas suiwna csapHoro usa ia anemena 2: 1 = 2+ 7/0,9998 + 1,3 7- 0,9998 = 23,1 cm. Tiposepxa npounioctu >roro urea: 45 <0,85-0,9- 0,4 23,1- 21,5- 1/1 = 152 KH. Tiposnocts o6ecneycna. Pacueruas anna caapHoro uma jaa aaemeHra 3: 4 + 0,82 + 1,3+7- 0,82 = 24,5 om, Tiposepxa nposniocra ororo mea: 88,3 <0,85- 0,9: 0,4- 24,5. 21,5- 1/1 = 161,2 xH. TIposnocrs oGecnevesa, YS3EJI 2. Teomerpueckse napamerpsr yaa npreacis Ha pic. 2.6, 6 Oco6exnoctsio JaHHorO yaa aBaseTca TO, YTO CTepAHH peuteTKH mepecexaioter Mexay co6oil, np stom nponyoxaemsm spnieres crepmens 2 (xpy6a Gombutero znamerpa), a). Pacuer a mecraniii usrH6 1), TIposepka noscolt rpy6s wa mecrunit waru6 B Mecte KoHTaKTa canementom 1 (f= 1) 58 Onpeaeacune snayenuii mapamerpop, BxoaRmX ® MpoBepowHHe bopmyzui (1.11), (1.12). Tax kax paccmarpupaemsnit 2neMeHT nepece: KaCTCH ¢ APYTHM QNeMCHTOM PELIETKH, TO B MpOBepOHHy!0 dopmysy nogcrasmsieTca mpupenenHoe yeunne (em. dopmyay (1.16)): Peg 88,3 - 0,809 - 0,21 - 84,1 - 0,8121 = 57,1 xH, nae E21 = haya = 643,14 - 95 = 0,21. Tina cmexciinix gnemenos B mponepounyto PopMy1y NOACTABARETCA ‘oKoppeKruponatinoe auaveHHe youAus: Pa =(1~0,21)- 84,1 - 0,812] = 54 HL. Snanenia apyrinx napanerpop: #2 = lpmpuM=0 4 =0,8; 6, = 7/10,2 = 0,686; Pr =9,5/10,2 = 0,93; yi = 1,05 0,686 = 0,72; ' a= 1,05 - 0,93- (1 + 0,15-0,93) = 1; ar= 1; 6 = 10,20,4 = 25,5; Cai = 06 (2K. 691 <0); on = 1-13 -0,6- (1 + 0,02- 25,5)/(1 + + 0,04 25,5) = -0,18; = 13(1 + 0,02 - 25,5): 0,4". 24-1 = pa pacrsoxeHneH w nosce 7b1 = 1: = 75,38 KH. Tiposepxa npownocra no dopey (1.11): {10,8 - 57,1/0,72 + -0,18)- 1+ $4/1,1]= 54,6 x81 <1 75,38 = 75,38 x8, Tipostiocts o6ecnenena. Tiposepxa nposocra nto dpopmy.te (1.12): 52,710,72 = 73,2 <2- 75,38 = 150,76 KH. “Tipostocts o6ecnewen. 2). TIponepra noscHolt rpy6is wa Mecrauifi warn6 # MecTe KoHTaKTa ¢ anemenrom 2 (j = 2). Onpenereume napaMeTpon, BXOAIIHX B MPOBC- posnsie bopmynsr 59S12 =a! mad = 78,8/3,14 - 70 = 0,36; aumua nepecesenns [iz onpezenena 0 puc. 2.6, 6. Pepa = -84,1 - 0,8121 + 0,36 88,3 - 0,809 = ~42,6 xH; CKOppexTHposaHHoe aHayeHHe YoHMKA B CMe=KHOM SneMeHTe: Py = = (1 - 0,36) 88,3 0,809 = 45,7 eH; 4 = 1; mpu M=0 p= 1; A, Pr Vir Ya, O— om, Mpemsumynnatt pacier; 62 = 1; S12 = ga; 612 = a1 = -0,18; pH pactaxeHma w mosce Yp2 = 1 Tiposepxa npownocrs 10 dopmy.te (1.11): [,18) - 1 45,710,724 1+ 1 (-42,6)/ 1,11= = 50,2 KH < | - 75,38 = 75,38 KH. Tipouiocrs oGecnewena. TIposepra mpouocru no ¢popuyste (1.12): 42,6/1,1 = 38,73 <2- 75,38 = 150,76 KHL Tipowtocrs oGecnesena, Tlposepka cosoxyntoit mpouiocTH nepeceKaioulHxes snemenTos. Tiposepxa nposttocta no dopmyze (1.17). 1), PaccmarpupaemsIm 3eMeHTOM aBaseToa crepe 1 (j= 1). Onpegenene sHaeHnii napamerpos, Kacalouusxca paccmaTpymac- Moro 9neMeHTa Hu cMeaHoro crepanx (§ = 2): G2 = lym = 88/3,14 - 7 = 0,36 (ans zaHnolt mposepict /i2 onpezenena B npemuaymNeH mposepxe); 72=1-0,5+ (NaAan- Ry’ = 1-05 (84,1/7,26- 24)? = 0,88; D,=d;=9,5 0m; b2y = dy sin(77°36'/2) = 9,5 -0,6266 = 6,0 or; &:=9,510,25=38; f= s = 0,63; yi = 1,05 - 0,63 = 0,66. Sy = 13- (1 + 0,02 - 38) - 0,257. 24-1=21 KH: sina, = 0,9494, 60 Ompesenenne napaMerpos, KAaCa¥OMHKca paCcMaTPHBAEMOTO 9n1e- MeuTa H nlosca (qa BEMHMHH, OTHOCALIHXCA K MOscy, UHeKC (f) same- aetoa Ha (1)): Gn = Jig/mdhy = 14,1/3,14 + 7 = 0,64 (ana aanniolt mposep- kat [ip = 4 dh = 2); TX nose pacranyT, TO yn = 1; Di = D= 10,2 om; bm = = 7 om; Prt = 7/10,2 = 0,686, ynt = 1,05 - 0,686 = 0,72; Sy = 5,38 KH (em. npemsiayuuri pacuer); am = a1 = 54°; sinay = 0,809. Tiposepxa cosoxymsolt npoxxocr# 88,3>15-08 _{ 936-088 -0,66-21 | 0. 09484 9 8) =57 KH. 09494 ) a Cosoxymuas mpowocrs aaa anemenra pemeniat 1 He OSecnencia, Tins nomimienna cosoKynHoll mpousocrs Moryt Ostrs HonombsoBast pH sapnarrra, nepenicnenHAe sHue. OalaKo HaHGoue® SkOHOMHN- HIM 118 RaNHOTO NpHMEpa sBASeTeH NPHMeHEHHe HaKTaMKH. TOmH- na HaKnankH onpenenseres H3 ypastentus (1.18): fy = 5,07 4M. Haligentioe ‘saverme oxpyraxercx 20 sHaNeHH, HMeIOUMEXCH B ‘copraMenre: fy = 6 mM, PacHeTHoe CompoTHBneHe MeTaTITa HAXIAKH — Ry = 24 KH/ow’, Tpumenenne wacaaiki woMeiier TonbKO XapaKTepH- CTHKY Hecyuieli cnocoBHocTH Nlosca: Sp = 13+ (1+0,02: 8) + 02» Rye Ye= = 13. (1 +0,02- 25,5) 0,6: 24+ 1 = 169,6 x. Bropusas nponepka COBOKynHOi MpouHocTa’ 1215 KH. 883>15-08 (200g 0,64-1 el + 0.9494 03809 Cosoxynias npounocTs oecnewena 2), Paccmarpusaemsim aneMeHToM smascrex crepxxens 2 (j = 2). Onpenenenste mapamerpor, KacaiouUxen PaccMaTpHBBeMOTO o7e- Mena H emexnoro cTepana (i = 1): é1 = /n/mh = 6,4/3,14 - 9,5 = 0,21 (ans aannioit mposepeat napamerp /21 onpeaease no pc. 2.6, 6); 1.x. cmeaeill crepxkenb pactanyt, 10% = 1; D; = di = 7,0 em; bi = 61= dy-sin(129°2) = 7-0,926 = 6,3 om; Pr = 63/7 = 0,9; wo = = 1,05-0,9- (1 + 0,15-0,9) = 1,07; 6 = 710,35 = 20; 5, = 13-(1 + +0,02- 20) - 0,357- 24. 1 = 53,5 RH; sinarz= sina = 0,9494, Onpexencrue snaennii napamerpos, Kacalommuxcs paccmarpsac- Moro SnemenTa H nosca: Eon = lay! = 23,43/3,14- 9,5 = 0,785 (aaa zaxmolt mponeprst faq = + dz - I1); Mm = 1; bra = dh = 9,5 om; Bra = = 9,5/10,2 = 0,93; ya = 1,05-0,93-(1 + 0,15-0,93) = 1,1; S, = = 13-(1 + 0,02 0)- 13, «Rye = 13-(1 + 0,02-25,5)-0,7?- 24-1 = = 230,8 KH, THe te-= tax + 0,25 + tin = 6+ 0,25- 4 = 7 v04, Gina = 02 = 55°18"; sina = 08121, Tiponepxa cosoxynsolt nposiocTa: 84,1.< 1,5-1-(0,21+ 1+ 1,07- $3,5/0,9444 + + 0,785 + 1+ 1,1- 230,8/0,8121) = 387 KH. Cosoxynnaa npowocrs o6ecneyena. 6), Pacer na npostiocrs snewenTos pewerKH 8 MecTaX 1X MpHMakannis K noscy epMas Tipa $21 $0,85 xoopduumerr = 0,008, 1), Miposepka mposuocra onemena | (j= 1): 88,3 - (1 + 0,008 - 25,5)/7,31 = 14,54 <0,8- 1-24 = 19,2 KH/ca?, TIpoocrs o6ecneyexa. 2). Tiposepxa mposnocra snemenra 2 (j= 2): 84,1 - (i + 0,008 - 25,5)/7,26 = 14,1 <1- 1-24 = 24 wren’, Tlpowsiocrs o6ecnesena. 62 »). Pacwer cBaprx mIB0B ” By cBapku H CBapHOrO MaTepHAna NPHHKMAIOTCR TAKHMH 20, ¥2K ‘ana yana 1, Pacuenwas zuma ceapeex mB08 MoxeT Ours onperences 663 yaeTa nepeceseili crepaaiedl. Tiposepka mpoutocrH cBapHoro consHHe- Has crepacaa 1 Gina Bbinomena mpH pacere yana | (cm. BsitHe), Pacieruas muna ceapuoro sma zs18 ouieMeerra 2: Jy=2+9,5/0,8121 + 1,3 -9,5 + 0,8121 = 33,4.em. Tiposepka npouxocrH cpapHoro wpa: 84,1 < 0,85 - 0,9 0,4. 33,4: 21,5 - 1/1 = 219,7 KH. Tiporntocrs oGecriesena. Pacuet CTMIKOB OSCHBIX CrepacHeii BaeodcKoti cmeix mpy6 eeprnezo nosca (em. puc. 2.6, 2). aa Kouerpyrrasnoe pemenne yar mpramacrex no pie. 14,1 (I-A sapuairr). Tommuiria yraosoro ceapHoro mBa TpHKHMaeTcs pabl exited TOAINHH CTeHKH CocAMHACMEIX TPY6, 7. 4 MM Tipu cpapxe nonyastomatom w np Ky= 4 wx cornacuo ra6a. 34 (1] ceapounnie Koodibunmterrrex pasts f= 0,9; B= 1,05, Tipu ceaposuolt mposoroxe cs, O812C pacierHioe compoTusieHHe no MeTaITy 154 PaB- Ho Ryg= 215 MIla (om, ra6x. 56 [1]), 10 xe, no rpanmne cnmasTeHHs = (cm. Ta6a. 3 [1]). erjponepea power coapor COSI No METAAAY FpaMh crapnenns mponssomsres no dopsyze (1.23): Ye 1_ li? Mia 140 < RygY vg L-=165-1- BRI: Cocanmrensuntt aaney npunusacres 12 cram C345, a ero Tox luna onpeaeascres mio hopmyae (1.25): = BN D=a_ YR, ad Mipuevimactos Tommna dpnanua 2 om. Jaaodexoit cmsix mpy6 nuxcnezo noca (eM. puc. 2.6, 6). Konetpys- ‘THBHOe PeMIeHHe CTEIKa aHATOTHHO pemcHMO cTEIKa Tpy6 RepxHero nosca. FIposepxa npownocru no meranay ceapworo mea np K/= 4 MM: N 1403-1073 BK pd 1,05-0,43-314-7-10- =152—N__ -__24\__ e194 OT Rowan 0.7-110-157 Tipanunactea 4 Goara (71 gomxHo Gur He Meine 4). Havmenbuniii anaMerp OKpYAHOCTH, Ha KOTOPOHi MO:KHO PACIIOHOKHTS 4 Gora mpu ag = 2ds, Gyaet panen Ds = D + dds= 102 + 4+ 16 = 166 sm. ADs _ 314-166 Toraa paccromune mexay Gorranar Gyaer ay = 2 = Coraacho rpeGosannam, mpuseacnuum 8 [1] (em. Tas, 39): 2,Sdome S21 S Sdome. Tip dome = 19 mat 370 TpeGowake yAOBAICTBOPA- cerca (done ~ AHAMETp OTBEpCTHA NOR GOTH). Tax Kax ay = 32 mm < aD/2n = 3,14- 102/2-4 = 40 wa, To Toma cocamurensHoro dinarma ompegeaseres 10 opmyze (1.28): =132 mm. p= [BM 2 3-234 oa ex, nk,“ \4-30 rae Ry~ pactemHoe conpormanente cram C345, Tipunmmaeres t = 25 MM. 65Puc, 2.8, Yaen 4 (ke mpumepy 1) Ceapuste isi, npaxpenasoume daianues x Tpy6am, npaHEMaiorca ¢ KaTeTom, pasiiam Tone Tpy6s.. TIposepxa npounocra caaproro isa (kaxasili aanen MpHKpensseTcx AByMa XONbUCBLIMH WiBAMH) (om. puc. 1.5, 4, Leap.) mpoussomtes rio bopayae (1.23): oe 234-1073 2B, Kem 2-1,05-0,4-3,14-10,2-10~ = BB < Reng 2 =172 MM x Tipowsiocrs oGecnesena. Monmazicneiti cmoik mpy6 sepxnezo nonca (cm. puc. 2.7). Koucr- PYKTHBHOe PeWCHHe 3TOTO Yara NPUHMAETCR MO axATOrHH ¢ ysnoM 4 B Tom yane KpoMe cxHMatouIel cium nelicrByeT cute yanopoit waru- Garouati Momenr, Tloatomy sHaane cneayeT NPOBepHTs BOSMOxHOCTS TOSBACHHA B Y31C pacTarHsaroUUAx HaMpsKeHui: NM __ 2196 | 750 AW 2 rae A, W—nnowaie a MoMexT comporusaciia Tpy6ul. 3Hax «Muse» TOBOpHT 0 TOM, 4TO CTEIKOBO! yoen paGoraeT TomDKO Ha CKATHE H, cneAOBATETBHO, GomTH HE BKTOSAIOTCA B paboTy H BRI- TOAHAOT AMINE KOHCTpyKTHBHELe dyHKuME. TosToMy KoMMYeCTBO aAnamerp GonTos HasHaYAIOTCR KOHCTPYKTHBHO (ds = 16 MM, n = 6). TIposepka npowHocTH cBapHsix uBOB MpoHsBOAuTeA MO dopmyze (1.23) no rpanmue crnapzenus’ N M_ 219,6-1073 28-103 ~nB,K px mW 2-105-04-314-168-10™ 2-93-10 = 90 < Rye? we 2 =172 Mla Yn Tipoaniocrs ceapHoro coeqHHenHs obecneueHa, 67Huorcnuit onopueta yaea. Koucrpyxrustioe peuienne yana mpusexeso Ha pic. 2.10, mpi aro. onopasit aaHeu Kpemutea x Tpy6e ABYMA KONbUCBHIMN urBaMH (cx pwc. 1.5, a, T sap.). HanGomunee cxamaiomiee m pactarupaiomee ycu- ‘mua cooTsercrsenno pasirss Ne = 98,0 KH; Np = 35,0 xH (em. yous ana crepacia acl 8 Ta6sn IT.1.1). Vasannete yoriaus Moryr OsrT» oxy: ‘NeHE ZencHHeM HAHGONBUIETO OMIOPHOTO MOMCHTA CO 3HAKOM «CH H (= a BuIcOTy hep Ha onope. Tommuna csapxoro yrnoporo usa npuHumacren pasHolt Tommie crenxu Tpy6u - 4 wot. Torna Hanpakenne 8 mipe 6yzer N 980-1075 B,K aD 105-0,4-314-7-10 =124 < Rg yg 2 = 172 MM rr Tipowocts o6ecnesena, 3nece » xayccrsc N mpunmmaeres sanGomutee no a6comorHolk se- awanue sHasenne N, wan Ne. Bontosoe coeauieHHe paccwmrupaeres Ha pacrarueaiouiee Yeunue B ueaax yunduxaunn Gort mpaMaiorca TAKHMH xe, KAK HT: obopaeuns MonTaxsoro crarka (yaen 4), HeoSxomumoe KomHuecrs¢ Gonros onpesersetea no opstyae (1.27): N 35 O,7ReunAen 067-110-157 03. Hexoas 13 xoncrpyxtusunx TpeGosannii (pasHomepHoit neperati: youn ¢ 7py6ui Ha hnanew) womHYecrBo Gomros NPHHHMAeTER PABHIM Serupew, Havncrnmuit avamerp oxpyaniocra, Ha KoTopoii MoxHo pacroxo- curs Cont mpi a4 = 2de: Dy= D+ 4dg= 70 + 4- 16 = 134 nam, 68 Puc, 2.9, Beprstsx sacra onopsioro yana (yer 5) Puc, 2.10, Hirota vacrs onopuoro yane (yse1 6) 69Tax kax a4 = 32 vo > 2D/2n = 3,14. 70/2-4= 27,5 vst, 10 Toa SoemnTexsHoro dhrasma onpexeaseTes no hopsy.ne (1.29) t> [oN@e _ [6-35-32 9, nD3Ry — ¥314-142-30 Tipwnunacres nannensuias 43 ues (= 2 om, Bepuiut onopnsia ye (pe. 2.9) Penuenne Qnawua x Tpy6e, ceapHae wma H Gomris npmueuaiorcy an TO H Aun HIDIGIeTO onopHoro ysta. TopHaonTamBHBLe Yet Bepxnuit onopuait ysen (ysex 5) pasta younuam Ha HopKIMi OnOpHEH ysen (y3en 6), HO MpoTuBNOTOKTT MO sHaKy mo aHaxy. xpome toro, gciicrayer seprukansias onopHas peaKwes Ha years Pexomenayemarx rommun are qyxar L R= (Qn Ho) =(S+10) 73 = 31.25 KH. Tiposepxa eka MPONHOCTH CBApHIX BOB, Mpuxpenimoui daanen x Ile oa YNZ + RA _ 580? 4131257 B,K jxD ~ 105.0,4-314-146 ~ 01 SRuat wz He 2172 Hes? vn ‘Tpe6yemoe xonuuectso ontos 98,0 n= 0,9-77.1,57 99 Kommectso Gontos npunumaetes pasntu yeruipen. Haumensumit ii mull AMET OKPYRHOCTH, Ha KOTOPOHL MoxxHO pactoao- Dy=D+4d= 146 +4. 16=210 mm 70 Tax kak a4 = 32 Mm < AD/2n = 3,14- 146/2- 4 = 57,3 MM, TO TOA mata paanua Gyaer pasua (cm. hopmyzy (1.28) rae bg — minima onopHoro dhaeta (HasHaNcHa HEXOAK 3 YonOBHLN paaMe- mers Gorton): b= Ds +2- 1,Sdome= 210+ 2-15 19% 270 vos Ry = 336 MMla (cw. ra6x. 52* [1)). Oxorrsarensias Tonmpiva dpnaiua nparumaeres paswoii 2,0 cx Pacsernas amma csapnoro wIBa, MpHKperiasoUlero OnOpHH cTO- -aMK K KonoHHe, mpi Ky= 8 sae W2R4yn —___4,2-131,25-0,95 _ BK pRve¥w2¥e 105-08-165-1-1 3uavenne Kaveva mea npmusTo 6 mTepsate Kjnin = 8 MM (cM. ‘rain. 38 (1]) # Ke = 1,2fmin = 1,2+ 20 = 24 mot, a0 w KANOCTBE fun PH era TOMA HOMTKH KOTOKEB Tpumep 2 3anpoexruposats crponuassyio GepMy HS THYTOCRAPHLIX TPAMO- yronsunix Tpy6. Vexomine zannsie, a Taroke onpeaeneHHe pacterasix Yeuanii npupenenss » npamepe i Onpeaenenne pacteranix ami Pacuernsie anunet snementos depme onperensiores no Ta6n. 1.2 pu pacnonoxenun caaseit cornacto pic. 2.4, T.x, cevenna crepanielt 7eps ua 9TOM vane HeMIBeCTHEL, TO PaCNETHBIe ANHHEI BopxHerO nosca onpenesents Ges yaera npuMesanus 2 « Taz. 1.2. B casaH ¢ Tem sr70 wa dbepmy seHicTeytor CraTHMeckMe HarpYSKH, 3HAYCHH pacseTHErS JWI JUG PACTARYTHEX CTepARHEH OMPEAEMATHCH TONBKO B BEpTHKa.te- Holi naocKocru (B rinockocrn bepwir). 3uasenna paciernax ATH pupenenst 8 Ta6x. 2.2. Tlox6op coven crepacielt ep B zanvom npumepe pacuerHoe conporuanenue cranu (R,) npHHsTo panna 230 MI, Hrvxsnii nose Cmepoenu a-7, 0-8, TpeSyemas noma a paiuye HHepHHH ceue~ Hua crepkneli BLeUHCaMOTeR 0 opMyzaM (1.1): Anp = PO Re 3nece yo = 0,95 (om. ta6z. 1.1, m. 2) Tlo TpeSyemsim BemiuHHAM Hc YHETOM yKazaHNii, mpHBeReHHEIX Ha ¢. 29, mpunmmaetea mpamoyromsuas Tpy6a 140x60x3 mm no copramcH- ‘Ty (mpua. 2) Monoaewnenckoro sasona nerkux MeTaTIOKOHCTpYKUHi (A= 11,3 em, ip = 2,47 om, fy = 4,89 cw). B nensx yuupuxauan cevenua crepaneli a-S, a-10 npuramaiores ‘raroxe H3 Tpy6s1 140x60x3 mam. Cmepocnu a-i, a-14, Coxenua noaSupaiores, kak ana neerpaabHo- emarunx omeMeHTo! Tlo dbopssyzam (2.3) npst ly = /y noaysins a=¥i, ‘yt Tipeaensrioe ormomenne b/t: 17 = 45 (em. ©. 30). Tlo dbopstyze (2.4): (a+iP(3a+1=10,7 m= 72 3 1952 0,098-45) 125 - — =0,0736 mu 4230 } 10,7 Tpyrne pasmepis tpy6us: h= ab =7,36cm; t = b/11=7,36/45 = 0,16 cm. Tlo copramenry ¢ yuero naiiaenmirx shaven mpummacrex xBa- pansas tpy6a 63x3 mm no TOCT 12336-66 (4 = 6,81 om, 1 = 2,41 cw). 3aecs npuusra Tpy6a c mepimunn raGapHTHRiMit pasMepaMa B CBASH C ‘Tem, 4To HCXOga HS ykasanuii Ha c, 29 Tora MpHusTa Gomme Hali- AeHHoro sHayeHHs. Tiponepxa npmusrroro coven Tipoepxa Mecrioli yerotismsocra nponssoastes no bopmy.ae (2.6): Ry 2s [230 i VE 241¥2,06-105 y : =151: = 403 Mecruias yeroiiunrpocrs oGecnesena. Tiposepxa o6uieii yeroiiunpocra np 2 =1,72 +9 = 0,848, rorma o N 98-1073 Y 1 =X 8 incr, 230. =242 Mla PA 0848-6 81-104 "Yn 095 3O6wax yeroliunpocrs oecnevena. Crepan a3 4 a-12 pacewumunarotes kax uetrrpanbHo-pactaxyrsic (cu. aime), ux cevenne mpunisro 13 Tpy6w 63x63x3 Mae. Bepxitali noac Cimepocu 2-6 u 0-9. Cesenus crepaneii noa6upaiores, Kax 2210 BHCUCHTpeHHO cxxaTHX SeMeHTOR. Onpexeasiores napamerphi 7m, lay, 1, m nto Gopmynam (1.5). 1.6), (2.8) # 2.10); m= f+ 30M = fp, 130-1125 gg. My, 219,6-300 Lanp =lyyn} =300-yia =749 om; F Foot a =3| | 42) =0,74; Tap) W749 m =a 41? (3a +1) = (0,74-41)2(3-07441) =655 Tlocne sroro no ope (2.11) sursneaseres pasmep coven mpy- Sit m mnocKocrH HanGomune pacueTHolt ami (8 xaHHoM Mpuwepe oT0 Gyzer paswep spy6ui B nnocKOCTH epMs, TAK KAK lp >): ( NIT ae 3 > § 2 S,=015-al1 ) ae _ 935. 9{{ 2136-45)" 7.49 0167 (WR -re | m Wo¥30-1) “65s Zia xoppextaponxa rionysexworo pamepa suucasiores cneayto- mae napaMerpy 4 Fay [121 +1) _ 749 [120074 +) 114 (exe, opmyay (2.12)) SY aq tl 167) 30,7441 de 300 45,66 9, = 0.88 5 sA,= =114- 22 = 45,66 +9, =088 ; Tora 9 = 0.47; Ay = AT Nr np mat = Np rae p=5115 (em. dopmyay (2.1); ; |p - Koodbmynenr smarts hopes, onpereasemasit no Tabs. 73 [1] Tipu mer= 1,24 Ay = 45,66 (A, = 1,5) ¢ = 0,55. Tlocae sroro KOppekTHpylorcs SHAYEHHAS CHeAYIOMLHX BETHMHH: 607 cw: 753 16 y 1655 =7-167-8{ ——* | .—_.°= =153 ow. ls ) 14? 107 Pacwernwe pazmeps covenus GyayT pants: b= a@,5,=1-15,3= 153. em, f= S/T = 15,314! Tlo copramenry, c y¥eTom noayyenunx 3naweHHii b, h wt, mpHi- acres xBagparuas Tpy6a 160x4 1M 0 TOCT 1236-66 (A = 24,3 cw. W= 121 ow’; i= 6,32 ew). Tiponepra mecrnoli yetotimmocr, Fipa 1, SJ nporawomares po Bepka TOKO OTKH coveHAg, KOTOpAR suINOAHACTCA nO Gopmyae (2.6). va leg /¢| onpeaenseres 8 sasucumocma oF yenoBHOoit raGKocTH’ Tax kak 7, >1, 70 npeaeasHoe oTHoMIeHHe heft GyaeT pasHo 2. [Per /[=(1+ 02%, ) IE o1402-158)- Ry 160 6234 D ‘S| _3930, 4 7 Mecruas yeroitaocrs oGecnevena ‘aa npopepxn oGweit yerotisupocrn B nxocKooTH HarA6a (B nuI0C- xocrH epai) onperensiorea orHocuTensinit H MpHBexenmeti 25° nenTpaceTers: : m= MA _ 1125-243 NW 2196-121 Soe: 16 TaGauna 22 Tloa6op cesennii crepacieli pepe (K npumepy 2) i: 170 | 60x140%3 1 [0,95 |208,0| 6Oxi40x3 (0,95 |189,9| 60x140x3 (0,95 ]207,1| 6Ox140x3 T 025 6 12590) 8 aA 125] 31,9 | 51,9 | 0,848 G3x63x3 [6,81] 2,41 | 2,41 | 125 63x63x3 [6,81 2,41 | 2,41 | 300 (60x140x3] 11,3 | 2,47 | 4,89 | 300 (60x140x3]11,3|2,47 | 4,89| 150 TGOxIGOxA| 18,5] 6,37 | 6.37 | 300 | 483 | 47,1 10,6 | 160xi60x4] 18,5 | 6,37 [6,37 | 275 | 483, ~645 “77S] 105 2196] 11,25 | 1@xIG@xA | 18,5] 6,37 | 6.37 | 300 | 600 62 ael3, 76 7Oxoranne ra6x, 2.2 Ig ip = =1,70= = mn = 8 3 g g g 2 To ra6n. 73 (1] 7 = 1,52 (apu m=1, 7 = 1,58), roraa mer= mn = = |e ge |s 8 8 i Tho ra6 74 1] oe = 0,492, ie fe [Se ef EE is je rm 3 \ iB re re N_,_ 2196-10" -134cr, 22-= 230-1 = 242 MM. eit ie je ie i %eA 0,492-24,3-10 'n 0.95 se ei Yeroliuinoers o6eencucna. S iS Tiposepxa o6mel yoroiiuusocta w3 naockocrn aeiicrsus waraGato- Ss Ss | i mero momenta (43 miocKocTH depmel) npu J, $/y BaMomHAeTCH, KAK 5 fe = ana uewrpan.uo-cxaniax crepoxutell: ' RB £00 95-49-0618 ; 632 Hl 4 | 2 ARG gn, To A 0618-24,3-10™ ‘50x100x3 | 8,25 [2,06] 3,52] 221 Yerolinsocts oGecrtevewa, B wensx yuuduxannn coeHHa ocTanbHelx cTepokHeit BepxHero Mos- ca MpHMMaioros TaIOKE H3 KBAApATHO! TYG 160x4 Mot. 11,3 |3.92]3,92 | 240 | 240 | 6 B25 [2,00] 3,52 | 238 | 238 G25 |2,06] 3,52} 234 825 [2,06] 3.52] 238 ‘§ 5 [2,06[3,53] 21d Packocst ‘SOx100x3 | 8.25 [2,06]3,52 | Dal 100x100%3 ‘50x100x3 ‘S0x100x3 ‘S50x100x3 Sox100x3 Cmepoenu 2-3, 12-13. Mexoaa us dopmyma (2.1) wauGonumtti 1 MAMMeHbUIMH paaMepel Tpy6L! Ha MAocKOCTH hepMat MoryT GIT =U ty, +p J=OB—23+3)=51 00; Pmax SPn min F378 aa 7883 [= 36 | #419 bmn = 06-bp max = 0,6-160=96 Mo, 23 12-13, 34 +5 10-11 ae peawapHTenbHo TOMMMHA creNKH TpyOst packoca (j;) puna Han Membuneit ~ 3 MM, a B KAYOCTEC Dnymar H Spon HONCTABIIOTCA COOTBETCT- 9‘exo Gonbinaa W MexBLE UIApHHA NloxcHAIX Tpy6, K KOTOPHIM MpHMEIKAC! accearpusacmati crepact, B cassu ¢ TeM, 470 pH MIMpHHE HinkHero Nosca, pasHoHt 63 aM, 1% OGecnesmsacrcx MuHuMaNbHB pasmep Tpy6N paccmarpHBaeMor: CTEPKHA (bmin > bmax), CHEAYET SAEMCHTH HIKHETO MOKca a-3, a-12 a-14 npunars us Tpy6st 60x140x3 ma, Tora bar = Pn min ~2ty + tp )=140 ~ 2/3 +3)=128 va Pasmepsi tpyOs onpeaeamorcs ¢ NOMoUIbIO NapaMeTpoB, BBIKC: aseMEx no opmynam (2.3): mpu fy =, a@ = 1, m= 10,7. Lpma Tpy6si onpenemures no opmyae (2.4): fi 3 Y cons. if 0,43 60) 242 = 041 ™ \Ya01 } “107 ™ Toraa BBICoTa H TONUMHa CreHKH TpyOs! GyayT paBHEL hza-bellom; == =018 ow T 60 Tlo maiizermmim napamerpam CCuCHHA, a TAIOKE C YICTOM Bmax Ht by), mpustustactea Tpy6a 100x3 mm (A = 11,3 om”; /= 3,92 cm). Tiposepxa npusizroro cevennx TIposepka Mecrnoii yerotiuusocr# Havmnaeres c onpeneneHua yc- oBHOH rHGKOCTH . hey 7) {z Pel-neoan (1+02-2)- Tiposepxa mecrnoil yerottspocrH: A, hgh 1 parr ltl aaa tt 03 7 Mectias yeroitsmpocrs oGecnesena. Tiposepxa o6uic yoroiuusocru: npa 2 =2 9 =0,813, orm - 3 A, M3210 21566 <8, =242 Mla GA 0813-113-10 Yn O6mas ycroiunpocrs oBecresena, Cevenua ocramsaux exaTsix crepxneli pemerxnt (4-5, 10-11, 6-7, 8-9) noaGuparorca anastorssnm O6pa30M. Cmepoenu 1-2, 13-14. Vis ycaosux (2.1) uanGonsmee 1 HauMenbinee snaNeHHa paamepa ‘Tpy6si H3 MAOCKOCTH ‘pepMBx PABA nmin ~2(y +hp )=14-2(0,3 +033) =128 om ; byin =0.6-By max =0,6-16=9.6 om TpeSyesmte sHavenus rinomaan tpyOs H pasuyca epumHt Gyayr papist Ny, _ 1378-1073 -0,95 np 0095 «6 ow? Ry. 730-107 0.95 81famp ote nh 55 ox np 400 Tlo maiinernmim napaMerpaM CCNCHIL, a TAIOKE C YUETOM Bmax H Brin 10 ‘copramenty (apit. 2) nparmwactca Tpy6a 50x100x3 sot (A = 8,25 cw’: x= 2,06 cm; 1, = 3,52 em), AnanorH¥Ho nogpaiorca ceveHHa OCTATBHBIX pactaHYTEIX cTepacieli pemerxa, Ceewne croiixst 7-8 xoncTpyxTHBHO MPHHHMaeTCA 3 Tpy6H1 50x100x3 mm. FloaGop cevemuik crepxne npenctasnseres 2 TaGmranoft hopse (ra6z. 2.2), Pacuer yanon dpepaat YE] 1. Peowerpuiecsate mapanerps yaa mpumeaerst wa pr. 2.11 a) Pacem na npodaanusanue (seipeisanue) mporspoxuten 21% 00 AK PACKOCOB, Tax KaXK OTHOUICHHE Bp/by Tias crepxns 2-3 ornomenne cfd = pacter npoxseomaros no hopmyste (2.32), kax ata yaros I-ro Tuna, P=1439KH> (mg +1 80/d)e sina __09-1,0-118- 230-107! -0,42(12,6 +13 +1-¥2-16-3) = 66,7 KH, (0,4 +18-0,1)-3-0,7986 F 1775 0 =1s-—=1; Sag oa 7 RyA B23 B cess c Tem, ¥TO YCnOBHe Ha MPOABABAKHe He YaOBMETROPACT- 4, caeayer ToMMHHy CreHKH HoacHOl TpyOs yeemusuTTs 0 6 MM, TO- aa Mpasas acre nposeposHok opmyns ysemrunrca B (0,6/0,4)" pas M cocrapur 150 xH u yeatosne mposnocra Gyaer ssanomeHo, 82 Puc, 2.11, Ysen 1 (x mprwepy 2) Tina crepxns 3-4 ornomenne ofd = 1,3/8,8 = 0,15 < 0,25, _nposepxa na surpsipastue mporrasoawtes Taxoxe mo dbopmyate (2.32): 0,9-12-118-230-107! -0,62(88-413 +1-V2-16-3) _ Pe BB3KH < 70,4+18-015)-3-08192 = 127,35 KH. Tiposocrs wa supuparnte oGecnevena. 6). Hposepxa necyweli cnocoGuocmu wepruxatbHOH CTEHKH Tosca He TIPOHSBOAHTCR, TAK KAK UIA CKATOTO PACKOCa OTHOUICHHC by/b,, = = 10/16 = 0,626 <0,85. 2), Pacem na npownocms 2eMeHTOS PeIIETKH B SOHC MPHMBKAn Ha K noacy npousbogutes no dopmyne (2.34). Tas crepans 2-3 P=1439<7ey pKRyApm'=09-1-1-230-107! -113-0.743=1738 i, rae mpa ofd= 1,3/12,6=0,1 <0,25 831 1 = T 500130, /t 1+0,013-16/06 0,743 ; K— onpeaenseres no puc. 2.3. Tiss crepans 3-4 P= 88,3 <0,9- 1,2-1-230- 107 - 8,25 - 0,743 = 152 XH, Tipostiocrs suns oomx crepaaieli oBeenesena. Pacuer cpapisnx tbo Cuapxa npoxspomTes rromyasToMaroM s cpexe yraexucnoro rasa, [lo ‘aba. 55, 56 [1] MpHHMAeTCR COOTBETCTBCHHO cBApOTHAK MPOBOTOKA cx, 08F-2C m pacuerioe conporuanesme no meraany usa Ry= 215 MIs HanGomuui xarer ceapnoro uma pane 1,2 fwin = 1,2+3 = 3,6 mo Hanmenpurli xarer ompeaenseres s10 Ta6a. 38 [1] # pases S vo. B cas- 3H ¢ TEM, NTO HANGOMBUNM KATET OKASHIBAETCR MEHBLIC HAMMENBUIETO, To TPHHUsMeTeA cEapHOli OB ¢ pasHosemucimn xareranae 4H 5 MM Tlepsoe shaseune ax xaTera Biome Tpy6ss packoca, BTopoe ~ Aaix KaTera no noscHoit tpy6e. PacteT mpowiocTH cpapHoro Ba MpowsBoAHTes 10 MeHbuNeMy KaTeTY. Tio ra6n.34 [1] By = 0,9, , =1,05. Pacsernoe conporusnenne 10 rpanmue cnaapnenus Rye = 0,45» Run = 0,45 - 360 = 169 MMla, rac Run onpeaenseres lo 1a6a. 51 [1]. Koofypmunerrrer yonopuit paGorit cBap- HOTO COeANHEHHA MPHEEMAIOTCH PABHDIMI 7 yf = 7 ye = 1 (om. n. 11.2" {1D, Tax wax Ruy Pup By > Rye wa Be » TO pacser mpoussomrren Tom ko No Merany rpaxHun crzasnenHs ‘Tuna ceapuoro uma ana crepaaia 2-3 passa fy = 2d + by = 2-12,6 + + 10 = 35,2 em, To xe, ana crepanieit 3-4 ly = 2d + bp = 2-64 + 10 = = 22,8 om, Tiposepka mpostocra cBapHarx cocauHenuii mpu Ky = 0,4 cm ans crepacia 2-3: 84 3 P 1439-107 og cry Le BK gly 1,05-0,4+35,2-10 In 1 =165-1-—~=172 Mla 095 Ta axe mponepka ana crepacix 3-4: t 3 Po BBB NOT 995 Rye Pg LE =172 MI. BK gly 1,05-0,4-228-10 Yn Tipostiocrs csaprerx cocamennit oecrevena. Y3EJI 2, Teomerpueciae napaMerps yaa npusezees! Ha puc. 2.12. a). Paciem na npodaemueanue (seipsieanue) npoussoautes an (OGOHK packocon, TAK KaK OTHOMEHHE by/b, = 10/14 = 0,7 < 0,9. ‘Ts crepacieit 3-4 4-5 ornomenue cid = 0 < 0,25, nosromy pacuer nponssoswres no opmyae (2.32),xaK 218 yao 1-To Tuna. Ts crepans 3-4 0.9-1.2-1-230-107! .0,37(88+0+41-¥2-14-2 (0,4+18-0)- P=883KH> = 56,25 KH Puc, 2.12, Yaen 2 ( mpuwepy 2) 85B cunsu ¢ Tem, To yeqOBHe Ha BLipHBaHHe He yaoaneTBOpseTCH HYKHO YBCIMYHTL TOMMHHY CTeHKH NOAcHOH Tpy6u 20 5 MM. B sto. ‘cayaae mpapaa wacTe mposepownoii dopmymst Gyaer panna 156 KH, 7. Mpounocrs Ha BuipbiBaHHe Gyzer oBecriexera. Tins crepxns 4-5 -1-230-1071 0,52, -V2182, Pa Bh xd < 29:11-230-107! .057(6.440+1-V2T42) =110 KH, (04+18-0)-2-0,8121 Tipoxnocrs na npomasmHsanne oGecnevena, 6). Pacvem na yemonyueocms neptuKanbHOH CTeHKH Osea He Mpo- wasoaMTes, TaK KAK ANX OKATOTO PacKoca TOTO yana OTHOMeNHC bplbn = 10/14 = 0,715 < 0,85, 2). Pacem na npownocms snemewtos peMieTKH B 30HE MPHMBIKALHA K moscy mponssoqutes no dpopyse (2.34) Tas crepxsia 3-4 P=883<7cy pKRyApm’ 9-1,2-1-230-1078,25.086=176 KH, me mpi old = 0 <0,25 1+0,0138, 71, Tas crepmus 4-5 P= 84,1 <0,9- 1+ 1+ 230-10 25 - 0,86 = 147 KH. Tlponocrs crepaneit 3-4 1 4-5 » sone npumiikanin oGecrievena. Croppextuposannsie 8 peaymbrare pacera yanos dep ceverus crepaneli npupeaensi 8 rpaipe 16 ra6n. 2.2. Pacuer capri 11p08 Pacuernas amma ceapHBIx wB0B A14 crepyai 4-5 pasta |e = 2d + bp=2- 6,4 + 10= 22,8 ew 86 Shavenme KaveTa cpapHoro Iba MpHHTO TAKHM 2K, KAK H JU Mpe- munymero yaa, 7.2. 0,4 OM. P 841-1073 te a N02 5 < Reeve 2 = 172 MT. BKyly 1,05-0,4-22,8-10 ey Tipormocrs o6ecnenexa. Tiponepxa npoutocra ceapHoro mina ana crepxns 3-4 caenana mpi pacuere yana 1 (orHouienne c/d ans yana 2 raxoxe meweune 0,25). Pacuer craskon MoscHEN crepatielt BaeodcKoit cyneix mpy6 nuonezo noaca (puc. 2.12). Tax xax ane nme raGapurat crsixyemaix Tpy6 OaMHaKOBH, TO ToRMMHA dbnaHa MpH- HUMAETCH KOHCTPYKTHBHO paso 20 wo H3 cram C345. TIposnocrs (ceapHBX WiBOB, NPHKPeraMOMTEX iaHeH x COCAMHAEMBIM TPy6AM, TPH Ky=0,4 cM mponepsetes no dpopmyne N 14 BK hy 3 03 NOT 672 < Rye ye ZE=173 Mila, 1,05-0,4- 40-10" Yn Tae ly — nepumerp TpyOsl. Tiponepxa npoutocr quanua B HanpaBneHHH TONMHHEL NpoH3Bo- aurrea rio opsyne (1.26): — X_N oye ry 223 atlloat? 2b, +h, )ByK yp 2-(14+6)-09-04 Tlposocrs o6ecnescna. Monmacicort croix mpy6 nuxcxez0 noaca (pac. 2.14), Crank ocymecrs- ASeTEA Ha BSICOKONPONHBIX GorTTaX mHAMETpOM 16 now HE cram 40X «Ce- 110 xFV/ex? (om. Ta6. 61 [1 87Weexogs 13 yenosna saxpysupanix rack pacctoauue or oct 6ozra 10 ‘Hemi nosepxxocrH tpy6xt (a4) npmenaMacrca panei 32 nox (ay = 2d) ‘Toraa nepumerp, Ha xoropom cneayer pasmecturs Gorm, 6yzeT pase, 1 (bq + 2+ 32) + Gin + 2: 32)] = 648 me Hexoza 3 tpeGosamnii no pasmeuenuo Goros HanGomuee pac- rome Menay Gomrame (cv. Tabi. 39 [1]) past dinar = Bdong = 8» 19 = = 152 so, Toran Haxmensinee Komecrno Gomros 113 KOHCTPYKTHBHBX OnpenemTes xaK NaCTHOS OT JcieMNa NepHMerpa Ha Hai Gomeuree paccromme mexry Goxrasat: min = Haima = 640/152 = 4,2 Oxoxsaremno npmmmacres 6 Gonos (cm. pre. 2.14). Tipeasapr: ‘TembHOe HaTIDKEHHE GOTOB paBHO 0,63 - Roun Aen = 0,63 - 110+ 1,5 = 108,8 xd Tax xax a4 = 32 am < ae = 53,3 wm, To Tommpanta gaanua “onpeaeaseres no opstyae (1.28): GN fs tz JON = [3234 «orem dem , mm, V6-30 Tae Ry ~ pacserHoe compormmnetine cram C345, Karerst csapauix msos, MpHKpenasompx aanun K-TpyGaM, pH HHMAIOTCA PaBHEIMH TOMUIMHe cTeHKH Tpy6m — 0,4 ca. TlposepKa pOHHOCTH CBapHBIX mIBOB: N 234-1073 2Ab+HIBK ¢ 2.14 46)-1,05-0.4-104 62,6 < Rye yg 2 = ‘n = 172 MMa. Tpowocrs capex ummos oBecrteuenta. 88 Pre, 2.14, Yoen 4 (x mpunepy 2)Monmaowneia cmesx sepxneco nonca (pus. 2.13). B uensx yuutpuxa- ‘uu avaMerp GonTos MpHHUMAETCR TAKHM 2Ke, KAK H 2K HEOKHETO T105- ca. Kommectao 6oxros nasnaNaeTes HCXOAA H3 KOHCTPYKTHBHENX Tpe- Goan: Min = Vamax = 896/152 = 5,8, rae [- nepHMerp, Ha KoTOpoM cneayeT pasMecTaTs GomTss: 1 = 2(bn + 2g) + Vn + 2a4)] = 2[(160 + 2 - 32) + (160 + 2 - 32)] = 896 v0 OxoruatenbHo npmomastes 8 Goaros. B stom yane, kpome HopmanbHoli ciunui, 6yzcr zelicTuoBaTs 7 > ORO warnOarountit Moment = M = Ant 4nd _ (5+10)-3? 18 1B SKH-M TIponepxa npostocr 6oxronoro coeauenna ¢ yueToM HarH6a1o- mero momenta (3a eHTp spamennia npmnaT nxt pax Goxros): 750+22,4 oa 179 3-224? + 2-112? Snax ‘onmyo» noxasuzsaer, #70 Corrs He BkmoNaHOTEA B pa6ory. Tiposepxa nposocta ceapxarx uisos (skicora xaTeTa mpuinowaerca paswoit Tommie crenkn Tpy6u, 7. 6 ne) NM _ 2196-107 | 75-103 An We apg 1346 _ =; 110-157 >—_- 3 O7RanA 0: ™ n Hanmensunee Konmuectao Gonos #3 KOHCTpYKTHBHEIX TPCOOBAH Hii CC uensio pasniomepHoit nepeaasn younua © naHuia Ha MOIKY KO- ows KonHYeCTBO 6ONTOB NPHHMAETCA PABHLIM 6, TpeSyemas Tommiiia nana 43 yenoBHA MposHOCTA aN, 3-35 12 |—— = | ————_ nRy —\6-230-10 TIpununacres tomuuia ¢bnasia 20 om Bepxnuil onopweii! yaen (pwc. 2.15). Topwsonramenie yourna wa 3TOT Y3ed PABHI TIO BERHMHe, HO NPOTHBOMOTOAKE NO SHAKY YCHLAH- 43M HA HIDKHHH onopHEti yen. Kpome ropHsorramusrx yousnit sec 6yaer aeiicrnonars onopHas peaxuna 09cm . 1 Re=(n +44 )-£= (5410): 23 213125 xH 91—A—, Ly—I Puc. 2.16, Hessian ners onoprioro yaa (ysen 6) Tiposepka npouHoct# cBapHixx umBos, MpHKpeMmmOMDX pnaHeU K apy6e (ronuaia una rpMAHMAeTCR paBHioii 0,6 om): oR 2 103 Ww +R} __ 498, +13128 10" 2407 Regt YUb+h)BKz 2-(16+16)-105-06-10 tn Tiposoctt crapnoro coeaunenns obecrievena. ‘TpeGyemoe KonHMecTB0 GonTOB M3 YCHOBHA MPOSHOCTH ‘TpeGyemoe komuccrao Gontos 13 KORCTpyKTHBHBIX TpeBonastit 2 t 896 58 max 152 Koanuectso 607708 npurtmmaetca papnisn 8. [inpuna qpnanua (bg) - pasmep 8 ropioHransHolt naocKocTH He- OMA H3 pasmemtentin GOTO H CBAPHBIX BOB HaSHANACTCR PaBHBIM 284 wm: bg = 224 + 2a3 = 224 + 2-30 = 284 mm. Toraa Tommuna pnanna mpa ero paGore Ha emsTHe oT OnOpHOH peaxiaH 6yaeT >a 131,25 fr = ——— = 014 ow, Ryde 336-107) 28,4 rae Rp — pacteToe conporHaciHe cMurriio TopuicEoll nosepKHOCTH. (pH mpmaercs 10 T26r. 52°). “Tor axe pasmep u3 yonosux npowiocru npx paGore aawua Ha worH6 te PN = [3980 8-230-10 1,26cm 93Tipauuwaeres rommuna dpnaxua 2 em. PacuerHas ANMHa cBapHOTO WiBa, MpHKpenmmouicro onopHusit cro- sii K KonoHMe, npa Ky= 8 mm: 12-1312-095 10 ma Jutepatypa 1, CHull 11-23-81*. Hopmst npoexrapopanius. Cranbunie xoucrpyk- uw. ~ M.: Crpoituanar, 1991, 2. Tloco6ue mo npocxruposanmio cranbHBKx KonCTpyKuUH. — Crpoitnagar, 1989, M 3. awn aon E, 10. Pacser » xoncrpynposanne crepancsurs KOHCTPYKUH ¢ MpHMeHeHHEM Kpyr: - couerpynull ¢ Xpyrmix 4 npamoyromHsix Tpy6. 4.laaugzos E10, Hectepenxo H. JI. Onrumansoe poexTHposanie MeTaTurHecxinx KOHCTPYKUH, ~ Mu." BUTIA, 1993, TIPHIOKEHHA TIPHJIOXKEHME 1 Cocrasaenue pacieraux KoMOuaumall yout B CrepaHsx epM Kom6unauin pacaeriurx younit cocrasamores 8 Ta6mraxolt op- Me (ra6x. TT1.1). B sepruxansioli page 2 samicsmaiores yononiie oBosnasenus crepaatelt depa (8 Taba. [1.1.1 stoi rpade sanucansi cGosaneuns crepacieli, npunsrie pH nocrpoona asarpamso Max- csenna-Kpemonss 118 GepMi, pacseTuas cxema xoTopoii mpupeneda Ha pwc. 2.5, a). B rpae 3 mpasonstes mporomune Younus B CTepAHsX Gepyas of caMHMUHO sepruKamsuolt Harpy3ci, pacnonoxeHHO! Ha enoit nonoBHHe Epa B pace 9 npusoaxrea youmia 8 crepxHax SepMul OT exMHHAHOTO MoMeHTa, MPHAOXeHHOTO K eBOH ortope depaat (puc. 2.5, 6). 3Hax MoMeHTa MpHHEMETCR TONOKUTeNbHEIM (BepXHHMit MORC cxHMAeTCR, vain pacrarnpacres), Younus 6 crepawiax depmai orpenensiorca 8 MpeanoxoxeHHit wapaMpHBIx CONPHKeHHI B y3nax H MoryT OMITE On emeacibi 1106HIM MeTONOM CTPOMTeMBHO! MexAHHKH. B rpapax 4 4 10 mpupoasrea ycums coorsercrseHHo OT ¢xHHITH- noli BepTHKANbHOH HarpySkH, PacrlonOxeHHOH Ha MpazoH nonoBHHe ‘bepmes, # oT eAMHMAHOTO MONOKHTEMBHOTO MOMEHTA, NPHTOKCHHOTO K pasoit onope dept. Youu or THX sarpy:xeHuli paBibt COOTSETCT- BeHHO 3HAYEHHAM YouLIEG, MpHBEACHREM B rpahax 3 1 9, MpH HX CHM Merpwatiom mepentoce. Hanpunep, yersue » crepacte a-11 ot exam voli Harpy3ku, pacHonoxeHHol Ha Mpasoli nozOBHHe GepMul, paBHO yeuamo 8 cTepxne B-4 np cMMHWHHOH HarpyaKe, PACTONOAeHHOM Ha esol nonosHie, H 7.2. SuaucHHa YCH.TMi B OCTATHEIX Tpacax nomyuaiores no BLIPAKeHH- 4M, MPHBCREHHBIM HiDKe (Bce BLIINCHIEHMs MpoHsBogeTea ¢ yueTOM anaxa yom): [SQS]+14DxP» - pacumdpossimacres cneryiomy o6pazom: aHae- ume B rpae 5 noysactes yMHomernem arreSpanteckoli CymMbr aiae- rat » rpagax 3. 4 wa anavenme ystos0H nocrommnod warpysxi P,. B ZTATBHeHIeM JABACHMOCTH MOnOOHOTO BHLIa pactAGpOBMIBAIOTCA aHa~ OrHHEO. 95Tiponomsinte youunua » crepaciiax cpepmat, KH ‘Yuma OF y3nonoW neprHKaMbHOR ‘marpysxa P, eH Yous or Ta6auna ML) cempa- | P=Pa= /nocro- ‘cueropas P=Pox=30 44,3] +63 | ¥25,5) +885] 0,085 | 40,073 09 | -46,5| -66 | -27 | -93,0| +0,085 | -0,075 40,9 |+27.0| 427 | +27 | +54 | 0,08 | +0,075 0,85 | -25,5 |-25,5|-25,5] -51 | +0,08 | -0,075 +085) +60 |-13,5|425,5| +12 | -0,08 | 40,07 0,9 | -7,5 |+120| -27 | -15 | +0,08 | -0,065 +04 | -75 | -27 [+120] -15 | -0,065 | +0,08 9-10 | 40,85 -0,45 | 46,0 |425,5) 13,5] +12 | +007 | 008 1-11 | -0,85 | 0,85 | -25,5 |-25,5}-25,5| -5i | 0.075 | +0,08 | 11-12] +0,9 | 40,9 | +270] +27 | +27 | +34 | 40,075 | -0.08 12-13] 0,9 | -2,2 | 46,5 | -27 | 66 | -93,0| 0,075 | +0085 13-14 | 40,85 42:1 | +443 |+25,5| +63 | +88,5| 0.073 | -0,085 Grip 7s fo fofofofofofo to ‘a 96 (& mpetepam 1, 2) omopHoro MoMeHTa Mon, KH » M ‘PacwerHile YCHIHA ails glelals ner BHO uel! 5 1 5 j pac ace ala|2|4))/2|e)j2|= Alea (2 ia/" le |" |= vi {at n [i fas [1d Tas 7 i7_| is [19 20 “15,0 | 30,01 #50] 0 [-62.2] 0 | 45 | +35 [-980] +30 =13,8 | -27,6 | +40 | -4,5 | -50,0 | +3,0 +1161] -3,6 |+140,31 -12,6 | -25,2 | +30 | -9,0 | -37,5 | +6.0 /+209,7 | 42146 +12,0 | -24,0 | +20 ] -15,0 | -25,0 | +10,0 +234,0) +222,9 12,0 | -24,0 | +20 | -15,0 | -25,0 | +100 +234,0 +222,9 12,6 | -25,2 | +12 | -22,5 | -15,0 | +15,0 +209,7 +186,2 -13,8 | -27,6 | +6 | -30,0| -7,5 |+20,0 +1161 +119,6 30,0| 0 |-37,5| 0 | +25 | -52,5| -75,7| 47,5 +14,58|+29,16| 45 | +2,7 [+562] -1,8 | -51,8 +4,6 |-64614] +51,2 +13,2 | +26,4| -35 | +6,7 | +43,7] -4.5 |-162.9 17,5 +123 | +24,6| -25 | +12 |+31,2] -8.0 |-219.6 216,66 +12,3 | 424,6 |. -16 | +18,7| +20,0| -12,5 -219,6 -202,49 13,2 | 426.4] -9 |+26,2)+11,2 | -17,5 | -162,9 =157,7 +14,58|+29,16| -3,6 |+33,7| +4,5 | -22,5 |-28,46| +20.6 | -42,7 +30,3 70,36 [40,72 | 85 | -5.4 [¥10.6[ 43,7 #13388 41378 0,3 | 0,6 | +8,5| +5,6 | -10,6 | -3,7 |-140,4 -143,9 40,15] +0,3 | -8 | -5,6 |+10,0] +3,7 481,45 +88,35 0,15 | 0,3 | +8 | +5.6 | -10,0 | -3,7 16,9 84,1 40,3 | +06 | -8 | -5,2 | +100] +3,5 | 6,6 | +32,4|-17,24) +419 0,45 | 0,9 | +8 | +48 | -10,0} -3,2 -35,8 | +4,85 | 44,9 | +13,6 0.45 | 0,9 | 6,5} 6,0 | +8,1 | +40 | -35,8 443 | +12,9 +0,3 | +0,6 | +7 | +6,0 | -8,7 | 4,0 6,6 | 32,4 | -16,7 | +41,5 0,15 | -03 | -7,5 | 60 | +94 | +4,0 | -769 | 23.9 40,15 | +0,3 | +7,5 | 46,0 | -94 | 4.0 +814 +88,27 | 0,3 | 0,6 | -7,5 | 63 | +94 | +4,2 |-140,4 -143,5 +0,36 | +0,72 | +7,3 | +6,3 | -9.4 | 4,2 +1338) 4137.21 oToTofofojoy;ofofoyo 97Tip nanwuum noasecuoro ot senouars rane yeunna or svore onaatarpyani eS SOM (GF BIxPeu; (7}[4}xPons (8}-(3]+14] xen warn [8]=[6}+17];, [1H (9))+[10))xM; [12]=((9}+[10))xMon, 1M May coornererscHo Onopne MOMENT oT NOON nero Ecau onopane Momewrsi ua nesoli u mpasoii onopax HeomHHaK ‘To aHaennx rpa 1] 4 12 seruncamotes Kak oma Tponseeaeri T= [9]xMy" +10 pc M7? 5 [12}=(9)x M3 +[10pcae7P , mae My", Mj? — momernss #a resol a mpasoit onopax. aces 4 aanee 3Hak faeTcs NonOKHTENBI on exsnier spin nox dopa memn em Eoat Mnax MpRIOKeH K esol onope, 10 (BRO RM nes: 114]=[10}xMeoom- Eon Myax MpurioxkeHt x mpazoli onope, To {13]=[10}xMmaxs U14]=[9]xMeoom cai Mmin MpHsIOMEH K neBOH ONOPE, TO (15}=[9}sMnin; [16]=[10}xMeoom. Eom Min MpHnOKeH x MpaBoli onope, TO 12 Mna, Mai ~ Coorpercrsnvo veutGomimdl noxoxoremitt Has ii OTPHUATE:IBHE ONOPHBIE MOMCHTEL © YHETOM BOCK HANpy30K, 5 HCKJIOYEHHEM NOCTOMHHOM H it; = * Moon - MomeHT, 2eiicTBYOMM Ha APyTOH, NO OTHOUIEHHIO K Mmar Halt Min, ONOPE H CoanaBaeMAl TeMH Ke HarpysKaN, 8 HanGomsinee cxumatomee YCHMHC, 3HAICHHC KOTOPOTO SATHCHIBACTCS B rpady 17, onpexeaseres #3 cneayIOWIAX BOSMOKHBIX CONCTAHHIt: 1) [TE[S#{114[A}+[12] (6 xasectse [4] noncrasaseres wan6o- ee HepuITogHHoe sHaveHHe H3 rpad 6, nau 7, HTH 8); 2) [I7]=[S}+111}+[B] (8 kasecrse [B] noacrapaaerca HanGonee He- suroguas cymaa: ({13]+[14]) am ({15]+{16)), Tlocnensee coueranHe Moxer OBIT» VCHIOTEIOBAHO HUI TIpH Yor10- Bun, ¥TO MOMCHT Mmar 10H Mmin COARACTCH TONBKO OAHOM BPEMCHHOH narpy3Koi ‘HanGoapuree pactaruparomee yeunme (rpaca 18) onpenenscres 13 rex xe coNeTAHHi, ¥TO H SHANEHHE rpadu 17, IIpH ne = 0,9 HanGonb- mee coxsrMaloutee YoHMHe, aHaNeHHe KOTOPOrO samHcHIBacTCR B Tpaby 19, onpenensiercs 43 cneAyIOMTX BOIMOKHEIX CONCTaMHE: ]+[11}40,9x((A +12 }+1B))5 2) [19]=[5]}+1111+0,9x181. Tlocaemiee coveranie MoxeT OiT HCTONB3OBAHO MINS pH Yor1O- BUH, ITO MOMEHT Mmax HK Mmm COMAETCA AByMA WAH Gone’ BPEMeH- nuIMH Harpy3kaMi. HanGonbinee pacrarmpatomee svaxcxne, samcunaemoc B rpady 20, ompenenseTes H3 TEX 2Ke CoNeTAHHii, #70 v1 sHaveHHE Fpapst 19. ‘Suaueniia yous 8 rpapax 17, 18, 19, 20 ncnomsyiorcs 8 aanbHeli- rea giz noaGopa couenull coorpeToTByIoUlHx crepaHel Depres. Tipu mapaupvom conpaxesun depat c xonoHnaMn rpaipas 9... 16, 19 4.20 He santoaHmores. TIpH HamH4HH Harpy3kH Ha (epMy OT TOABECHO- To rpysonogsemHoro TpaHenopta B Ta6x. T1.1.1 HeoOxoaHMo BReCTH AONOMHHTETSHYIO Tpaby YounHHt B crepansx GepMs oT sTOrO BHA HArpyaKH, KOTOPHE JOwAHEL GRIT YaTeHB MPH OMpENe-TCHAH CymMap- waix youn (npa sanonuesnn rpad 17...20). Eon wa Bepxnnit niosc ¢epMsi gclicrsyer pueyanonas HArpy3Ka (aampumep, mp GecnporoHKoM TlOKpHITHH), TO KPOME MPOAOTBHBX Yyeumm mp pacuere Bepxxero nosca 2omDKtbt OMIT YuTeHBL H3THOalO- lume MOMEHTI, OMpenensemble, KAK B MHOronpomeTHOH Gaake Ha ynpy- To mpoceaaioux onopax. Honycxaerex ympomlennoe ompenenenie ‘HarHOaiouyHx MOMCHTOB: nponerasili Moment 8 xpaiiteli nanean M = lz, 10; nponeruutii MoMeHT B MpoMexyrorHbtx maxes M = lz, /12;yaiosnie Moments M =/2 /18, Tae q ~ pacnpeseneranie narpyst Ka Bepxiniii noac; J ~ au TraHesH Bepxtiero Tosca. Tipu sinomenm yanos c pacuetTposxoli snewerrs hepa caenyer PACCHHTHIEATS © YHETOM HSTHOAIOUIHX MOMeHTOB OT pact TpOBKHt VosruGarouuili Moment or pacueHposkn xonycxacres yaNTABaT» TOTS Ko MPH pacteTe NOxCOB, MPH 9TOM MOMEHT MeAKY CMEKHBMH MaHes- Mut Tosca pacnpenensetea MponopuHOHA.TSHO NOTOHHMM *eCTKOCTEM. (Ny-NiJe. yy _ (Na-MiJe 141gh/ hh +h /Ioh Creayer yarrmutnar, Taioxe ronomHiremHe HarHGaroLIHe MOMer- Tel OT -MECTKOCTH YAT0B, COMM OTHOUICHHE BEICOTH COMEHHA K ATAHE anemenra npessiutact 1/10 ana dep, akcmAyaTHpyeMBIX MPH TeMnepa- Type He Hinke ~40°, 4 1/15 ana eps, axcruyaTapyemaix npw Temnepa- Type uroKe -40°, HauGonce weaurrommue pacueriie yours (ocesax cama Hu Haru Garoummit Moesrr), nenomsayemre inn noa6opa ceyeuul crepmarelt depaat, sammcusaiores 8 rpadax 3 4 4 (ra6x. 2.1, 2.2). Cavamerpano Pacrionoxentnle CTepxHH SEPM AOIDKHE HMETH OIHHAKOBOE CeNeHHe, OSTOMY AUIs HEX NpHHUMAeTCS OaHO HaHGonce HeBLIrOAHOe CONETAHHe pacuerHErx youmuil. 100 TIPHJIOXKEHHVE 2 COPTAMEHT Ta6auua 1121 ‘Tpy6us crammue Gecmosswe ropavexarannie no TOCT 8732-70* (sxunucxa)Kaace orserersentocTa aaanuli w coopyaenuit TIPHJIOKEHVE 4 Koopduunerrren narexsocth no HaHayeHito Knace T ‘Ociosimie ananna W coopyaxenus obvexT0s, wiweroupn 0c060 Baxcioe HapomHOXcasiicr-| BerHoe u (Hill) coMMTbHOe sHaYeHHe, 12-| xne xaK: rnasisie Kopryca T3C, AIC, ENTpAMBHBe Yahi ZOMERHIX TesCH, Zs Mossie Tpy6sr BEICOTOH Cones 200 m, Tene- susnomnBIe Gann, COOpyxCHHA MaTHcT*| pansHoli nepsiaioil cera EACC, pesepaya-| Pel aaa HedTH u HedrenpoayKToB EMKOCTBIO| Gone 10 Tuc’, xpBITEIe cnlopTHBHEte coopyxeHis ¢ TpHOyHAMH, 31aHHs TeaTpoB, | KHHOTESTPOB, UHPKOB, HPHTEX PHINKOB, YHCOHBIX saBeAeAHH, JeTCKHX ZOUIKONBHEI| yepexacnnii, CoabHHu, pozHbHbIX 20MOB, | eysees, TOCyaapCTBCHHIX BpXHBOS H TL ‘BnaHHA H COOPYOKCHHS OOBEKTOB, HMCIO- UU BaKHOS HAPOTHOXCAAICTBCHHOE 3H2- weHHe (WH cOUHAmbHOe): COBeKTE Tpo-| MBIULICHHOTO, — CemMBCKOXoBaicTBEHHOTO, >DeAMUNO-rp@kaaHCKOrO HasHaNeHHA | cag, ne nomemumne BI x I xnaccst ‘SHAHHA H COOPYACHH OOEEKTOB, UMeIOLT| lorpannuenrioe HapomHoxossiicraennoc | (am) coumanbHoe sHaNeHHe, TaKHe KaK: jcxramms Ges mpouecoos coprHposKH H yn2- KOBKH JAA XpaHieHiA cestbcKOxosalicTBeH| mux npoxyero, yzoGpenni, xiwaKaToe, yens, Topda ¥ ap., Tena, napHtiGs, 02" HooT@Kaie AQUI 2OMA, ONOpH MOBO. HOM CBS3H, ONOPKI OcBeMeHHA HACEMeHHEI| ITYHKTOB, OFpalbl, BPEMCHHbIC QIAKHA 4H! COOpyKeHHA H T.n1, (IA BPeMeHHEIX 3aaHHii 1 Coopy mer co cpOKoM caryakBt 20 5 er] =08) Octosune 6yKBenHbie OFoaHaveHHs A~naomaas cexenna Spyro; Aon ~ TuIoMaTs cexeHHs Gonta HeTTO; An ~ TinoWaae ceNeHN HeTTO; E- monyas ynpyrocra; Tn, ly — MOMEHTEI HHEPUHH CeveHHs OTHOCHTENSHO Occ! cooTRETCT- BeHHO X-X HY-Y; D - anamerp Tpy6xt; M - warnGaioutnii Momexr, N, P- mpozonsaias cuna; Ror~ pacteruoe conporusnciie GomTos pacrwxeHisto; Ry~ pacuerHoe conporusneine Cran CMsTHIO ToplteBOH MOBEpXHO- vm (px naam mparonKn); Ry ~ pacteTHoe CompoTHBAeHHe cram CABHTY; Ry pactierHoe COMpOTHBNEHHE CTATH PACTRKCHHIO, CKATHIO, HaTH- Gy no spemenHomy conporuaienmio; Ruy ~ BPEMEHHOe CONPOTHBACHHE CTA paspurBy, MpumunaeMoe PABHRIM MHHHMANBHOMY 3HAMCHHIO 7, 10 TOCyAapCTBCHEBIM CTaHLIAp- ‘TAM H TEXHHYECKUM YCIOBHAM Ha crab; Rug pacieTHOe CONPOTHBNEHHe YPIOBLIX BOB cpeay (yCMOBHOMY) no Merazity 1a; Ruy ~ PACHeTHOE CONPOTHBAEHHE CTSKOBOTO CRAPHOTO COSMMHEHHS (oKATHIO, PACTIKEHINO, HATHBY MO BPEMEHHOMY CONPOTBLICHHIO; ~ Rywn ~ HOPMATHBHOC CONPOTHBNEHHE MeTaLIa WBA TIO BPeMeHHOMY conporaszentitio; Ry PACHETHIOG CONPOTMBNIEHNE CTAIKOBHIX CRAPHBIX COCTHHHA: GHBKY; Ry — PACHETHOE COMPOTHBNICHHE CTHIKOBHIX CBapHBIX CocAMHeHHit cxaTmio, pactoxeHiio H HarH6y no Mpegeay TeKyHeCTH; ‘Rez ~ pACHeTHOe CONPOTHBAEHHE yroRENX IBOB epesy (yCAOBHOMY) mo MeTaaiy TpaxHubi croiapneHHs Ry~ pacierHoe COMpOTHBEHHE CTATH paCTHXxeHHIO, CKATHIO, HarH- 6y no mpenexy TexyyecTH; Ryp ~ Tpecen TexyecTH cTanH, MpHHINaeMEH PaABHIM SHANEHEIO rexyuecTa (o,,) 10 rocymaperBeHHAIM CraHAApTaM H TEXHHYECKHM yo~ SIOBHAM Ha Cram; 125W,, W, ~ MoMexTa conporuanenns ceveHua 6pyrro oTHOGHTeREHO oceli cooTBeTeTBeHHO x-x Hy-y; hef~ pacseTHas Bbicora crest, 1 paanye unepunn cesenus; ig, iy — paguycs! MHEpUHH CoNeHHA OTHOCHTEAbHO oceif coorseTcT- BEHHO X-X HY-Y; Kj~ xarer yrnonoro una; Jy- pacuetHas anuna; dy — aaMHa cBapHoro urBa; 4, ly ~ pacierumte anunat 9neMeHTa B nocKocTax, nepneHauxynsp- HBX OCHM COOTBETCTBEHHO X-X H Y-Y; mm omoctrenviti oxeuempucier (m=. A ‘mg ~ mpusenennuilt orocerensusit skcuerrpacuter (may = £ Tonuna crenxn Tpybs; By.B, - xorphunmenrs: ana paciera yraonoro usa coorseret- BeHHO no MeTanay miBa M no MeTanay rpamups crasiienns; Yo ~ xoxpduunent yerosnit paGors coeamenua; Ye ~ Koa pmunert yeaosnit pabors; Yn ~ Koobdmuert narexHOcTH; Ym ~ KooPPHUHeHT HazeKHOCTH No MaTepHamy; 1 ~ xoodiunment aananna hopmas cosenns; A ~ raGxoets (2 =I /1); A ~ ycnosuas ra6xocts (4 =4-R,/E); 05,0 ~ MopMansnste nanpsoKeHHs, napanienbune ocaM cOOTBET- erpentic Xx Ht y-y; Ty ~ KacaTembHoe HanpwoKeHe; © ~ xosipipmuent npogomuoro HarH6a; Ge ~ Kooppmunert chupkenus pacieTHbix conporupneruit npH BHELICHTPeHHOM coKaTEH. 126 Coaepxanne Baegenue..... 1. MPOEKTHPOBAHME SEPM 13 KPYTJIBIX TPYB 1.1, Toa6op cevennii crepateii eps. feos 1.2. Pacuer conproxesnit crepaeli epM .. : 1.3, Konterpynposante 1 pacer 2an02CKHx H MORTEKHX cratxos Tpy6 2. TIPOEKTHPOBAHME SEPM 13 | TPAMOYT OMB TPYB........ 2.1. ToxGop event crepacicit eps: 2.2, Pacer compaxennit crepaureit dep . 2:3. Konerpyxposanine u pacer crakos rogcux Tpy6 Tpumep I. . Tpumep 2 Hurepatypa TIPHIOXKEHHA Ocnosiare Gyxnentnie o6oanaens . Deae 23 29 2 36 4l 4l 1 94 95 "125