M, HOCHSADER,

EECRCA CONDUCTOR
APPCAEON FED AN, 16, 1915,

1,211,153. Patented Jan. 2, 1917.

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 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MARTIN HOCHSTADTER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR.

1,211,153. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 2, 1917.

Application filed January 16, 1915. Serial No. 2,755.
To all thom, it may concern. interferes with the intended purpose of those
IBe it known that I, MARTIN HOCHSTADTER, Wires especially during disturbances in the
a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Operation of the mains and such methods
Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new therefore exclude every automatical control 60
and useful Improvements in Electrical Con System for the sections of extended distribu
ductors, of which the following is a specifica ting nets from practical use because such sys
tion. teln and the respective apparatus would act
My invention relates to improvements in upon faults of the control wires more fre
electrical conductors for overhead transmis quently than upon faults of the mains, which 65
O sion lines and for underground cables. means to bring about quite an increased
The object of my invention is to devise a number of disconnections and additional dis
stranded conductor for electric mains, which turbances.
conductor comprises the main conductor (de The above mentioned difficulties are over
signed to carry the useful current) and One come by my invention according to which 70
5 Or more embedded special conductors, in the control wires are not only closely at
st lated from the main conductor and spe tached to but also embedded into the metal
cifically adapted to serve extra purposes be Strand of the main conductor. This con
sides the transmission of power, for in struction affords the benefits of saving all
stance for testing safety-, disconnecting extra expense for a special installation of 75
20 telephone-, signaling- or automatic control the control wires and of endowing the con
ling means in coöperation with the respec trol wires without extra expense with at
tive mains. least the same or rather a higher degree of
A further advantage of my invention is operating Safety than the mains them
to provide means for protecting the insula selves. This is achieved because of this new
tion of the insulated wires against injurious construction. Of combined conductors allows
or destructive influences arising during the to Operate the control wires in metallic con
manufacture, the laying out and the opera nection with the mains and about or fully
tion of such mains. with their respective potential thus, at the
The individually insulated wire is herein Same time, allowing the control wires to 85
after called “control wire.’ participate in the transmission of power and
It has already been known in the art to also avoiding incidental and uncertain po
arrange testing wires within the outer metal tentials in the control wires which are in
lic sheathing of underground cables. But fluenced in separately laid-out wires by ad
it has not been disclosed how to combine jacent power mains. Moreover by adequate 90
35 with the overhead mains individual wires construction in carrying out this invention
for any controlling purposes and to be used the embedded control wires of a suspended
in coöperation with the power transmission main may be freed from mechanical tension
of the mains. As yet such wires, have rather by utilizing the respective main as a mechan
been mechanically and electrically separated ical bearer. 95
40 from the main conductors and laid out on Of course the insulation of the control
particular poles and insulators. Evidently wires in overhead mains will be preferably
the latter construction is particularly dis composed of a water-and weather-proof ma
advantageous just for overhead mains as terial. Most advantageously for the same
compared with underground cables. When purpose the insulated control wires, accord
45 long spans are used in the construction of ing to my invention, may be entirely in
the main line, frequently a separate system closed in a seamless metallic protective
of poles will be required for the control wires sheathing, the latter preferably to be of the
in order to avoid uneconomically thick wires same material as the strand itself, this be
and costly material (for instance bronze). ing mostly of copper. The protecting 05
50 Besides the economical disadvantages the sheathing may also participate in the con
separate layout of overhead control wires duction of useful current for power trans
involves the risk that they will, more than mission, for instance by being connected to
the mains themselves, tend to interruptions or being in contact with the main strand.
and faults on account of the influence of It has to be specifically stated that this seam O
55 neighboring high tension lines and of atmos less or at least water-tight metallic cover
pherical disturbances. This, of course, badly around the insulated control wire, besides
 2. i.,211,153
the above cited benefit for overhead use,
offers the following important and addi
tional advantages when such conductors are
used as conductor cores in the manufacture
of underground cables. In this case the me
tallic cover already during manufacture of
the strands and cables avoids mechanical in
jury of the insulation of the control wires
and allows to employ a mantled control wire
0 which has individually and definitely been
tested beforehand. Furthermore the insula
tion material may be of a manyfold nature
because during the following compounding
process the hot and fluid compound has no
5 access to the insulation and therefore cannot
chemically attack it. Further benefits are
offered by this metallic cover during opera
tion of mains manufactured according to
my invention. The metallic cover around
20 the control wire prevents the surrounding
wires of the strand from being pressed into
the insulation and, particularly when being
in contact or in connection with the main
strand, secures an equal distribution of the
25 electric field around the control wire, both
of these influences of the cover allowing a
very thin insulation to be employed.
While preferred forms of conductors em
bodying my invention are illustrated upon
30 the accompanying sheet of drawing, yet it
is to be understood that minor detail changes
may be made without departing from the
scope thereof.
Figure 1 represents a conductor according
35 to my invention which consists of the main
conductor (i), for instance a copper strand
formed of a bundle of uninsulated wires
and adapted to carry heavy currents, a con
trol wire (2), which in this case is shown
iocated in the superficiai part of the main
strand and insulated therefrom by the in
sulation
tie 4.
(3) and covered by a copper man
Fig. 2 shows another form of carrying
out my invention. in this case the control
wire (2) is located in the center of the main
copper strand (1), insulated therefrom by a
body of insulation (3) and finally covered
by a copper mantle (4) to be applied on the
surface of the insulation (3). 50
Fig. 3 shows the same form of stranded
electrical conductor as described in Fig. 2
when employed as conductor in an under
ground cable. (5) is the insulation and (6)
the lead sheathing of the cable. 55
As may be concluded from above state
ments, conductors according to my inven
tion are particularly adaptable for such pur
poses which include the use of control wires
under nearly or fully the same electrical 60
working pressure as the respective mains,
for instance in case of safety-, disconecting
signaling and automatic control systems for
the operation of the mains.
I claim: 65
1. An aerialconsisting
conductoroffora overhead
transmission bundle ofpower
bare
copper strands in conductive contact to con
stitute a main conductor, said bundle being
devoid of insulation, and an auxiliary con 70
ductor, which alone is provided with an in
sulation, said insulation separating said aux
iliary conductor from the main conductor,
the insulated auxiliary conductor being em
bedded in the uninsulated main conductor. 75
2. An aerial conductor for overhead power
transmission consisting of a bundle of un
insulated copper strands in conductive con
tact to constitute a main conductor, an in
sulated auxiliary conductor embedded in the 80
main conductor, and a metallic protective
covering surrounding the auxiliary con
ductor.
3. An aerial conductor for overhead power
transmission consisting of a bundle of un 35
insulated copper strands in conductive con
tact to constitute a main conductor, an in
sulated auxiliary conductor embedded in the
main conductor, and a metallic covering stir
rounding the auxiliary conductor and adapt 90
ed to participate in the carrying of the cur
rent of the main conductor.
FAARTN HOCHSTADTER
Witnesses:
HENRY HASPER,
WoLDEMAR HAURT.