1. Investment in human capital-provision of education and training
will reduce the extent of poverty in these countries since it will enable the poor to find jobs, earn an income and live a better quality of life. 2. Foreign direct investment (FDI)-these are long term investment in the country by a foreign investor either through the establishment of s new firm or the take over of a local firm, in essence the foreign company must have control in the given firm. An increase in the number of firms operating in the country increases the availability of jobs. Higher employment levels contribute to higher national income and increases the possibility of economic growth. It is also possible for the foreign firms to provide jobs for the skilled which might encourage skilled persons to remain in the country thereby reducing brain-drain. 3. Export-led growth-export is an injection into the circular flow of income. Exports increases the earnings of domestic firms, creates employment and results in economic growth. This reduces the percentage of poor in the country. 4. Foreign borrowing-countries can borrow from other government and financial institutions in order to promote development. To qualify for loans from these organisations countries must implement structural adjustment policies in the economy. 5. Provision of social services-the provision of these services by government significantly reduces the pressure on the poor to be able to afford same. This reduced burden will put more money in the hands of the poor which can be used to offset other expenses and improve the quality of their lives. 6. Development of the entrepreneurial class-the development of a spirit of entrepreneurship amongst the people will encourage them to start new businesses thereby creating more job opportunities which leads to an increase in the national income.